iOS开发-Masonry简易教程

关于iOS布局自动iPhone6之后就是AutoLayOut，AutoLayOut固然非常好用，不过有时候我们需要在页面手动进行页面布局，VFL算是一种选择，如果对VFL不是很熟悉可以参考iOS开发-VFL(Visual format language)和Autolayout。VFL不复杂，理解起来很容易，实际开发中用的特别熟还好，要是第一次看估计要花点功夫才能搞定。Masonry算是VFL的简化版，用的人比较多，之前项目中用过一次，对手动写页面的开发来说算是福利。

 基础知识

首先我们看一个常见的问题将一个子View放在的UIViewController的某个位置，通过设置边距来实现，效果如下:

如果通过VFL我们代码会是这样的:

    UIView *superview                               = self.view;

    UIView *view1                                   = [[UIView alloc] init];
    view1.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
    view1.backgroundColor                           = [UIColor redColor];
    [superview addSubview:view1];

    UIEdgeInsets padding                            = UIEdgeInsetsMake(200, 50, 200, 50);

    [superview addConstraints:@[

                                //约束
                                [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1
                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
                                                             relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                toItem:superview
                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
                                                            multiplier:1.0
                                                              constant:padding.top],

                                [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1
                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
                                                             relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                toItem:superview
                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
                                                            multiplier:1.0
                                                              constant:padding.left],

                                [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1
                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom
                                                             relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                toItem:superview
                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeBottom
                                                            multiplier:1.0
                                                              constant:-padding.bottom],

                                [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:view1
                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
                                                             relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                                                toItem:superview
                                                             attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
                                                            multiplier:1
                                                              constant:-padding.right],

                                ]];

只是简单的设置了一个边距，如果视图的关系比较复杂，维护起来会是一个很痛苦的事情，我们看一下Masonry是如何实现的，导入Masonry.h头文件，约束的代码:

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];
    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
    //先将子View加入在父视图中
    [self.view addSubview:childView];
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    UIEdgeInsets padding = UIEdgeInsetsMake(200, 50, 200, 50);
    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.edges.equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.insets(padding);
    }];

通过mas_makeConstraints设置边距有种鸟枪换炮的感觉，我们即将开启一段新的旅程，可以紧接着看下面比较实用的功能~

实用知识

1.View设置大小 

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];
    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
    //先将子View加入在父视图中
    [self.view addSubview:childView];
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        //设置大小
        make.size.mas_equalTo(CGSizeMake(100, 100));
        //居中
        make.center.equalTo(weakSelf.view);
    }];

效果如下:

　　

这里友情其实一个小内容，目前我们设置约束都是通过mas_makeConstraints用来创建约束,mas_updateConstraints用来更新约束，mas_remakeConstraints重置约束，清除之前的约束，保留最新的约束,如果想深入解释下，可以阅读下面的英文解释~

/**
 *  Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view.
 *  Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing
 *
 *  @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view.
 *
 *  @return Array of created MASConstraints
 */
- (NSArray *)mas_makeConstraints:(void(^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block;

/**
 *  Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view.
 *  Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing.
 *  If an existing constraint exists then it will be updated instead.
 *
 *  @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view.
 *
 *  @return Array of created/updated MASConstraints
 */
- (NSArray *)mas_updateConstraints:(void(^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block;

/**
 *  Creates a MASConstraintMaker with the callee view.
 *  Any constraints defined are added to the view or the appropriate superview once the block has finished executing.
 *  All constraints previously installed for the view will be removed.
 *
 *  @param block scope within which you can build up the constraints which you wish to apply to the view.
 *
 *  @return Array of created/updated MASConstraints
 */
- (NSArray *)mas_remakeConstraints:(void(^)(MASConstraintMaker *make))block;

2.设置高度，这里设置左右边距，因此不设置宽度，如果想单独设置width可参考高度的设置方式:

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];
    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];
    //先将子View加入在父视图中
    [self.view addSubview:childView];
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        //距离顶部44
        make.top.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_top).with.offset(44);
        //距离左边30
        make.left.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_left).with.offset(30);
        //距离右边30，注意是负数
        make.right.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_right).with.offset(-30);
        //高度150
        make.height.mas_equalTo(@150);
    }];

3.子视图之间的位置设置:

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];
    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];
    //先将子View加入在父视图中
    [self.view addSubview:childView];
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        //距离顶部44
        make.top.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_top).with.offset(44);
        //距离左边30
        make.left.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_left).with.offset(30);
        //距离右边30，注意是负数
        make.right.equalTo(weakSelf.view.mas_right).with.offset(-30);
        //高度150
        make.height.mas_equalTo(@150);
    }];
    //地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaofeixiang/
    UIView *nextView=[UIView new];
    [nextView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor redColor]];
    [self.view addSubview:nextView];
    [nextView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.top.equalTo(childView.mas_bottom).with.offset(30);
        make.right.equalTo(childView.mas_right).with.offset(-30);
        make.width.mas_equalTo(@100);
        make.height.mas_equalTo(@100);
    }];

4.链式写法，算是一个便利的写法:

    UIView  *childView=[UIView new];
    [childView setBackgroundColor:[UIColor greenColor]];
    //先将子View加入在父视图中
    [self.view addSubview:childView];
    __weak typeof(self) weakSelf = self;
    [childView mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.top.and.left.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(100);
        make.bottom.and.right.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(-100);
        //第二种写法更简单，相对于就是父视图
//        make.top.and.left.mas_equalTo(100);
//        make.bottom.and.right.mas_equalTo(-100);
    }];
    
    UILabel *label=[UILabel new];
    [label setText:@"博客园-FlyElephant"];
    [label setTextColor:[UIColor redColor]];
    [label setTextAlignment:NSTextAlignmentCenter];
    [self.view addSubview:label];
    [label mas_makeConstraints:^(MASConstraintMaker *make) {
        make.left.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(10);
        make.height.mas_equalTo(20);
        make.right.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(-10);
        make.bottom.mas_equalTo(weakSelf.view).with.offset(-50);
    }];

　

网上关于Masonry的教程很多，给的例子的也很多，这几种情况基本上满足了开发中的需求，不会有太多的出入，算是一个简易版的教程，Masonry的中属性和iOS中的属性是有对应的关系，不过因为很简单，基本上没怎么看，下图是一个对照关系: