Android学习使用基本界面组件（下拉框，单选框，复选框，数字转轮，滚动条）

（一）建立单选框按钮

RadioGroup和RadioButton建立单选框按钮

字符串资源文件：

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">婚姻建议程序</string>
    <string name="sex">性别：</string>
    <string name="age">年龄：</string>
    <string name="btn_ok">确定</string>
    <string name="result">建议：</string>
    <string name="edt_age_hint">（输入年龄）</string>
    <string name="sug_not_hurry">还不急</string>
    <string name="sug_get_married">赶快结婚！</string>
    <string name="sug_find_couple">开始找对象。</string>
    <string name="male">男生</string>
    <string name="female">女生</string>
    <string name="male_age_range1">小于28岁</string>
    <string name="male_age_range2">28~33岁</string>
    <string name="male_age_range3">大于33岁</string>
    <string name="female_age_range1">小于25岁</string>
    <string name="female_age_range2">25~30岁</string>
    <string name="female_age_range3">大于30岁</string>
</resources>

界面布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/sex"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/sex"
        android:textSize="25sp" />
    <RadioGroup
        android:id="@+id/radGrpSex"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:checkedButton="@+id/radBtnMale">

        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radBtnMale"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:text="@string/male" />
        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radBtnFemale"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:text="@string/female" />
    </RadioGroup>
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/age"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/age"
        android:textSize="25sp" />

    <RadioGroup
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:id="@+id/radGrpAge"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:checkedButton="@+id/radBtnAgeRange1">
        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radBtnAgeRange1"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:text="@string/male_age_range1"/>
        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radBtnAgeRange2"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:text="@string/male_age_range2"/>
        <RadioButton
            android:id="@+id/radBtnAgeRange3"
            android:textSize="20sp"
            android:text="@string/male_age_range3"/>
    </RadioGroup>
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnOk"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:background="#4CAF50"
        android:text="@string/btn_ok" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txtR"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/result"
        android:textSize="25sp" />
</LinearLayout>

程序文件

package com.example.newapp;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private Button mBtnOk;
    private TextView mTxtR;
    private RadioGroup mRadGrpSex,mRadGrpAge;
    private RadioButton mRadBtnAgeRange1,mRadBtnAgeRange2,mRadBtnAgeRange3;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mBtnOk=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnOk);
        mTxtR=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtR);

        mBtnOk.setOnClickListener(btnOkOnClick);

        mRadGrpAge=(RadioGroup)findViewById(R.id.radGrpAge);
        mRadGrpSex=(RadioGroup)findViewById(R.id.radGrpSex);
        mRadBtnAgeRange1=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.radBtnAgeRange1);
        mRadBtnAgeRange2=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.radBtnAgeRange2);
        mRadBtnAgeRange3=(RadioButton)findViewById(R.id.radBtnAgeRange3);

        mRadGrpSex.setOnCheckedChangeListener(radGrpSexOnCheckedChange);
    }

    private View.OnClickListener btnOkOnClick =new View.OnClickListener(){
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            String strSug=getString(R.string.result);

            switch (mRadGrpAge.getCheckedRadioButtonId()){
                case R.id.radBtnAgeRange1:
                    strSug+=getString(R.string.sug_not_hurry);
                    break;
                case R.id.radBtnAgeRange2:
                    strSug+=getString(R.string.sug_find_couple);
                    break;
                case R.id.radBtnAgeRange3:
                    strSug+=getString(R.string.sug_get_married);
                    break;
            }
            mTxtR.setText(strSug);
        }
    };

    private RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener radGrpSexOnCheckedChange = new RadioGroup.OnCheckedChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onCheckedChanged(RadioGroup group, int checkedId) {
            if(checkedId==R.id.radBtnMale){
                mRadBtnAgeRange1.setText(getString(R.string.male_age_range1));
                mRadBtnAgeRange2.setText(getString(R.string.male_age_range2));
                mRadBtnAgeRange3.setText(getString(R.string.male_age_range3));
            }else{
                mRadBtnAgeRange1.setText(getString(R.string.female_age_range1));
                mRadBtnAgeRange2.setText(getString(R.string.female_age_range2));
                mRadBtnAgeRange3.setText(getString(R.string.female_age_range3));
            }
        }
    };
}

程序截图：

　　

 （二）下拉框Spinner和数字转轮NumberPicker的使用

Spinner组件来控制实现选择性别

数字转轮来实现年龄的选择

字符串资源文件：

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">婚姻建议程序</string>
    <string name="sex">性别：</string>
    <string name="age">年龄：</string>
    <string name="btn_ok">确定</string>
    <string name="result">建议：</string>
    <string name="edt_age_hint">（输入年龄）</string>
    <string name="sug_not_hurry">还不急</string>
    <string name="sug_get_married">赶快结婚！</string>
    <string name="sug_find_couple">开始找对象。</string>
    <string name="sex_male">男</string>
    <string-array name="sex_list">
        <item>男</item>
        <item>女</item>
    </string-array>
    <string name="spn_sex_list_prompt">请选择性别</string>

</resources>

界面布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/sex"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/sex"
        android:textSize="25sp" />
    <Spinner
        android:id="@+id/spnSex"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:entries="@array/sex_list"
        android:spinnerMode="dialog"
        android:prompt="@string/spn_sex_list_prompt" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/age"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/age"
        android:textSize="25sp" />
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txtAge"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="25sp" />
    <NumberPicker
        android:id="@+id/numPickerAge"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnOk"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_gravity="center_horizontal"
        android:background="#4CAF50"
        android:text="@string/btn_ok" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/txtR"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="@string/result"
        android:textSize="25sp" />
</LinearLayout>

主程序文件：

package com.example.newapp;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.NumberPicker;
import android.widget.RadioButton;
import android.widget.RadioGroup;
import android.widget.Spinner;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private NumberPicker mNumPickerAge;
    private Button mBtnOk;
    private TextView mTxtR,mTxtAge;
    private Spinner mSpnSex;
    private String msSex;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        mTxtAge=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtAge);
        mTxtAge.setText("25");

        mNumPickerAge=(NumberPicker)findViewById(R.id.numPickerAge);
        mNumPickerAge.setMinValue(0);
        mNumPickerAge.setMaxValue(200);
        mNumPickerAge.setValue(25);
        mNumPickerAge.setOnValueChangedListener(numPickerAgeOnValueChange);

        mBtnOk=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnOk);
        mTxtR=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtR);

        mBtnOk.setOnClickListener(btnOkOnClick);
        mSpnSex=(Spinner)findViewById(R.id.spnSex);
        mSpnSex.setOnItemSelectedListener(spnSexOnItemSelected);

    }

    private View.OnClickListener btnOkOnClick =new View.OnClickListener(){
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            int iAge=mNumPickerAge.getValue();
            String strSug=getString(R.string.result);

            if(msSex.equals(getString(R.string.sex_male)))
            {
                if(iAge<28)
                    strSug+=getString(R.string.sug_not_hurry);
                else if(iAge>33)
                    strSug+=getString(R.string.sug_get_married);
                else
                    strSug+=getString(R.string.sug_find_couple);
            }
            else
            {
                if(iAge<25)
                    strSug+=getString(R.string.sug_not_hurry);
                else if(iAge>30)
                    strSug+=getString(R.string.sug_get_married);
                else
                    strSug+=getString(R.string.sug_find_couple);
            }
            mTxtR.setText(strSug);
        }
    };

    private AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener spnSexOnItemSelected=new AdapterView.OnItemSelectedListener() {
        @Override
        public void onItemSelected(AdapterView<?> parent, View view, int position, long id) {
            msSex=parent.getSelectedItem().toString();
        }

        @Override
        public void onNothingSelected(AdapterView<?> parent) {

        }
    };
    private NumberPicker.OnValueChangeListener numPickerAgeOnValueChange=new NumberPicker.OnValueChangeListener() {
        @Override
        public void onValueChange(NumberPicker picker, int oldVal, int newVal) {
            mTxtAge.setText(String.valueOf(newVal));
        }
    };
}

程序截图：

　　　　

 （三）复选框和滚动条（CheckBox与ScrollView）

 在进行多项选择时，由于项目过多我们可能会使用到滚动条，因此本次的实验目的是：实现用滚动条来上下滚动对项目的选择

同时使用上复选框

字符串资源文件：

<resources>
    <string name="app_name">兴趣选择程序</string>
    <string name="music">音乐</string>
    <string name="sing">唱歌</string>
    <string name="dance">跳舞</string>
    <string name="travel">旅行</string>
    <string name="reading">阅读</string>
    <string name="writing">写作</string>
    <string name="climbing">爬山</string>
    <string name="swim">游泳</string>
    <string name="exercise">运动</string>
    <string name="fitness">健身</string>
    <string name="photo">摄影</string>
    <string name="eating">美食</string>
    <string name="painting">绘画</string>
    <string name="your_hobby">您的兴趣：</string>
    <string name="btn_ok">确定</string>
</resources>

界面布局文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<ScrollView xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <LinearLayout
        android:id="@+id/LinearLayout1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        tools:context=".MainActivity">

        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxMusic"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/music" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxSing"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/sing" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxDancing"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/dance" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxTravel"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/travel" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxReading"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/reading" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxWriting"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/writing" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxClimbing"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/climbing" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxSwim"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/swim" />

        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxExercise"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/exercise"
            android:textSize="30sp" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxFitness"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/fitness" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxPhoto"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/photo" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxEating"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/eating" />
        <CheckBox
            android:id="@+id/chkBoxPainting"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:textSize="30sp"
            android:text="@string/painting" />

        <Button
            android:id="@+id/btnOk"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="@string/btn_ok" />

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/txtHobby"
            android:layout_width="420dp"
            android:layout_height="47dp" />
    </LinearLayout>

</ScrollView>

程序文件：

package com.example.newapp;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.CheckBox;
import android.widget.TextView;

import org.w3c.dom.Text;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    private CheckBox mChkBoxMusic,mChkBoxSing,mChkBoxDance,mChkBoxTravel,mChkBoxReading,mChkBoxWriting,mChkBoxFitness,mChkBoxClimbing,mChkBoxSwim,mChkBoxExercise,mChkBoxPhoto,mChkBoxEating,mChkBoxPainting;
    private Button mBtnOk;
    private TextView mTxtHobby;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mChkBoxMusic=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxMusic);
        mChkBoxSing=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxSing);
        mChkBoxDance=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxDancing);
        mChkBoxTravel=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxTravel);
        mChkBoxReading=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxReading);
        mChkBoxWriting=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxWriting);
        mChkBoxClimbing=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxClimbing);
        mChkBoxSwim=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxSwim);
        mChkBoxExercise=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxExercise);
        mChkBoxFitness=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxFitness);
        mChkBoxPhoto=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxPhoto);
        mChkBoxEating=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxEating);
        mChkBoxPainting=(CheckBox)findViewById(R.id.chkBoxPainting);
        mBtnOk=(Button)findViewById(R.id.btnOk);
        mTxtHobby=(TextView)findViewById(R.id.txtHobby);
        mBtnOk.setOnClickListener(btnOkOnClick);

    }
    private View.OnClickListener btnOkOnClick=new View.OnClickListener() {
        @Override
        public void onClick(View v) {
            String s=getString(R.string.your_hobby);
            if(mChkBoxMusic.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxMusic.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxSing.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxSing.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxDance.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxDance.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxTravel.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxTravel.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxReading.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxReading.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxWriting.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxWriting.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxClimbing.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxClimbing.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxSwim.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxSwim.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxExercise.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxExercise.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxFitness.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxFitness.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxPhoto.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxPhoto.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxEating.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxEating.getText().toString();
            if(mChkBoxPainting.isChecked())
                s+=mChkBoxPainting.getText().toString();

            mTxtHobby.setText(s);
        }
    };
}

程序截图：