彻底解决matplotlib中文乱码问题
1.环境查看
a.系统版本查看
[hadoop@p168 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽微米黑,文泉驛等寬微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿点阵正黑,文泉驛點陣正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Sharp:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿微米黑,文泉驛微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW MBE:style=Light
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽正黑,文泉驛等寬正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿正黑,文泉驛正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW:style=Light
/usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing HK:style=Light
[hadoop@p168 ~]$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Dec 18 2015, 01:29:06)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>> print matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()
/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc
>>>
2.第一种解决方法
在代码中指定字体配置
3.第二种解决办法
首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf(文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改)目录中,
然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录
第三在代码中动态设置参数:
然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录
第三修改修改配置文件:
[hadoop@p168 ~]$vim /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc
文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改,找到如下两项,去掉前面的#,并在font.sans-serif冒号后面加上SimHei,保持退出。
font.family : sans-serif
font.sans-serif : SimHei, Bitstream Vera Sans, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif
就是知道字库族为sans-serif,同时添加“SimHei”即宋体到字库族列表中,同时将找到
更新字库缓存。这样会简单点,减低对python类库路径的依赖。
a.系统版本查看
[hadoop@p168 ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.2.1511 (Core)
b.系统中文字体查看
[hadoop@p168 ~]$ fc-list :lang=zh/usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽微米黑,文泉驛等寬微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei Mono:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿点阵正黑,文泉驛點陣正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Sharp:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-microhei/wqy-microhei.ttc: 文泉驿微米黑,文泉驛微米黑,WenQuanYi Micro Hei:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW MBE:style=Light
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿等宽正黑,文泉驛等寬正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc: 文泉驿正黑,文泉驛正黑,WenQuanYi Zen Hei:style=Regular
/usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing TW:style=Light
/usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing HK:style=Light
/usr/share/fonts/cjkuni-uming/uming.ttc: AR PL UMing CN:style=Light
c.Python版本及matplotlib配置文件位置查询[hadoop@p168 ~]$ python
Python 2.7.10 (default, Dec 18 2015, 01:29:06)
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import matplotlib
>>> print matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()
/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc
>>>
2.第一种解决方法
在代码中指定字体配置
- #coding:utf-8
- import matplotlib
- matplotlib.use('qt4agg')
- from matplotlib.font_manager import *
- import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
- #定义自定义字体,文件名从1.b查看系统中文字体中来
- myfont = FontProperties(fname='/usr/share/fonts/wqy-zenhei/wqy-zenhei.ttc')
- #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题
- matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus']=False
- plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3])
- plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont)
- plt.show()
3.第二种解决办法
首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf(文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改)目录中,
然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录
第三在代码中动态设置参数:
- #coding:utf-8
- import matplotlib
- matplotlib.use('qt4agg')
- #指定默认字体
- matplotlib.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
- matplotlib.rcParams['font.family']='sans-serif'
- #解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题
- matplotlib.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
- plt.plot([-1,2,-5,3])
- plt.title(u'中文',fontproperties=myfont)
- plt.show()
4.第三钟解决办法
首先将windwos中fonts目录下的simhei.ttf拷贝到/home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf目录中,然后删除~/.cache/matplotlib的缓冲目录
第三修改修改配置文件:
[hadoop@p168 ~]$vim /home/hadoop/.pyenv/versions/2.7.10/lib/python2.7/site-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc
文件路径参考1.c,根据实际情况修改,找到如下两项,去掉前面的#,并在font.sans-serif冒号后面加上SimHei,保持退出。
font.family : sans-serif
font.sans-serif : SimHei, Bitstream Vera Sans, Lucida Grande, Verdana, Geneva, Lucid, Arial, Helvetica, Avant Garde, sans-serif
就是知道字库族为sans-serif,同时添加“SimHei”即宋体到字库族列表中,同时将找到
axes.unicode_minus,将True改为False,作用就是解决负号'-'显示为方块的问题
5.常见问题
a.当.../matplotlib/mpl-data/fonts/ttf中没有指定字体是执行时会出现如下错误.
font_manager.py:1287: UserWarning: findfont: Font family [u'sans-serif'] not found. Falling back to Bitstream Vera Sans
(prop.get_family(), self.defaultFamily[fontext]))
b.有字体但还是显示小方块,一般是没有删除~/.matplotlib/*.cache 的缓冲目录!
rm -rf ~/.matplotlib/*.cache
c.matplotlib.use('qt4agg')出错,plt.show()没显示.
原因:没有安装PyQt4,参见另外一篇博文《CentOS7.1下python2.7.10安装PyQt4》。
6.2017-08-04补充
目录类unix系统中,~/.fonts现在建议用~/.local/share/fonts替代了,所以也可将字体文件放在~/.local/share/fonts下,然后执行
- fc-cache -f -v ~/.local/share/fonts