paramiko模块使用

paramiko是一个用于做远程控制的模块，使用该模块可以对远程服务器进行命令或文件操作，fabric和ansible内部远程管理就是使用paramiko来实现。

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8

import paramiko

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

ssh.connect(hostname='23.83.245.218', port=22, username='root', password='xiaoming.note5')

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('free -m')

result = stdout.read()
print(result.decode())
ssh.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')

ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

ssh.connect(hostname='23.83.245.218', port=22, username='root', pkey=private_key)

stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('free -m')
result = stdout.read()
print(result.decode())
ssh.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport(('23.83.245.218', 22))
transport.connect(username='root', password='xiaoming.note5')

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
sftp.put('/etc/passwd', '/tmp/115.159pwd')
sftp.get('/etc/passwd', '/tmp/23.83pwd')

transport.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8

import paramiko

private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')
transport = paramiko.Transport(('23.83.245.218', 22))
transport.connect(username='root',pkey=private_key) 

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
sftp.put('/etc/passwd', '/tmp/115.159pwd')
sftp.get('/etc/passwd', '/tmp/23.83pwd')

transport.close()

一个简易执行命令，上传下载文件的小程序

#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding=utf-8

import sys
import re
import paramiko
import threading


class Hostmanage(object):

    def __init__(self,cmdtype, user, host, cmd, port=22):
        self.host = host
        self.username = user
        self.port = int(port)
        self.command = cmd
        self.cmdtype = cmdtype
        self.private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/root/.ssh/id_rsa')

    def run(self):
        if hasattr(self, cmdtype):
            getattr(self, cmdtype)()

    def cmd(self):
        ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
        ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
        ssh.connect(hostname=self.host, port=self.port, username=self.username, pkey=self.private_key)
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(self.command)
        ret, err = stdout.read(), stderr.read()
        result = ret if ret else err
        print(self.host)
        print(result.decode())
        ssh.close()

    def get(self):
        try:
            transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host, self.port))
            transport.connect(username=self.username, pkey=self.private_key)
            sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
            sftp.get(self.command.split()[0], self.command.split()[1])
            transport.close()
            print('%s 下载 %s 成功' % (self.host, self.command.split()[0]))
        except:
            print('%s 下载 %s 失败' % (self.host, self.command.split()[0]))
    
    def put(self):
        try:
            transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host, self.port))
            transport.connect(username=self.username, pkey=self.private_key)
            sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
            sftp.put(self.command.split()[0], self.command.split()[1])
            transport.close()
            print('%s 上传 %s 成功' % (self.host, self.command.split()[0]))
        except:
            print('%s 上传 %s 失败' % (self.host, self.command.split()[0]))


def mythread(cmdtype, user, host, cmd, port=22):
    start = Hostmanage(cmdtype, user, host, cmd, port)
    m = threading.Thread(target=start.run)
    m.start()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    roledefs = {
        'www': ['root@23.83.245.218:22', 'root@115.159.193.70:22',],
        'game': ['root@23.83.245.218:22',]
    }

    cmdtype = sys.argv[1]
    channel = sys.argv[2]
    cmd = sys.argv[3]

    if cmdtype == 'cmd':
        if channel in roledefs:  # 有组名
            for entry in roledefs[channel]:
                user, host, port = re.split('@|:', entry)
                mythread(cmdtype, user, host, cmd, port)
        else:
            if not re.search('(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|[0-1]?d?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|[0-1]?d?d)){3}', channel):
                print('错误的主机名')
            else:
                try:
                    user, host, port = re.split('@|:', channel)
                    mythread(cmdtype, user, host, cmd, port)
                except ValueError as e:
                    user, host = re.split('@|:', channel)
                    mythread(cmdtype, user, host, cmd)
    elif cmdtype == 'put':
        if channel in roledefs:  # 有组名
            for entry in roledefs[channel]:
                user, host, port = re.split('@|:', entry)
                mythread(cmdtype, user, host, cmd, port)
        else:  # 无组名
            # 不是IP地址
            if not re.search('(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|[0-1]?d?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|[0-1]?d?d)){3}', channel):
                print('错误的主机名')
            else:
                try:  # 有端口
                    user, host, port = re.split('@|:', channel)
                    mythread(cmdtype, user, host, cmd, port)
                except ValueError as e:  # 无端口
                    user, host = re.split('@|:', channel)
                mythread(cmdtype, user, host, cmd)
    elif cmdtype == 'get':  # 只能获取单个主机的文件
        if not re.search('(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|[0-1]?d?d)(.(25[0-5]|2[0-4]d|[0-1]?d?d)){3}', channel):
            print('错误的主机名')
        else:
            try:
                user, host, port = re.split('@|:', channel)
                mythread(cmdtype, user, host, cmd, port)
            except ValueError as e:
                user, host = re.split('@|:', channel)
                mythread(cmdtype, user, host, cmd)

### 作者信息
    姓名：hexm
    email：xiaoming.unix@gmail.com
### 实现功能
    简版fabric实现
    输入主机或者主机组
    可以远程执行命令，上传下载单个文件。

### 例子
  上传/etc/passwd 文件到www主机组并保存为的/tmp/mypass
# python3 fab.py put www "/etc/passwd /tmp/mypass"
115.159.193.70 上传 /etc/passwd 成功
23.83.245.218 上传 /etc/passwd 成功

  把/etc/passwd上传到23.83.245.218的/tmp目录下并改名mypass
# python3 fab.py put root@23.83.245.218 "/etc/passwd /tmp/mypass"
23.83.245.218 上传 /etc/passwd 成功

  下载单个文件
# python3 fab.py get root@23.83.245.218 "/etc/passwd /tmp/mypass"
23.83.245.218 下载 /etc/passwd 成功
  不能获取主机组的文件
# python3 fab.py get www "/etc/passwd /tmp/mypass"
错误的主机名
  
  执行命令
# python3 fab.py cmd www "hostname"
115.159.193.70
VM_255_164_centos

23.83.245.218
localhost.localdomain