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  • vlan,trunk,DHCP,以太网通道

    Vlan的划分

    1.1 问题

    VLAN(虚拟局域网)是对连接到的第二层交换机端口的网络用户的逻辑分段,不受网络用户的物理位置限制而根据用户需求进行网络分段。 一个VLAN可以在一个交换机或者跨交换机实现。VLAN可以根据网络用户的位置、作用、部门或者根据网络用户所使用的应用程序和协议来进行分组。基于交 换机的虚拟局域网能够为局域网解决冲突域、广播域、带宽问题。

    • 按企业部门规划vlan

    1.2 方案

    在交换机上创建vlan2、vlan3,参照如下网络拓扑如图-1所示:

    图-1

    1.3 步骤

    实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

    步骤一:客户端与交换机相连

    1)为了使同vlan在交换机上可以通信,需要给同vlan客户端配置同网段IP地址,如图-2、图-3所示

    图-2

    图-3

    分别配置为192.168.1.1、192.169.1.2;192.168.2.1、192.168.2.2;192.168.3.1、192.168.3.2;

    2)在交换机上创建vlan2 和vlan3并将指定的接口划分到相对应的vlan下

    1. Switch >enable
    2. Switch#configure terminal
    3. Switch(config)#vlan 2
    4. Switch(config-vlan)#exit
    5. Switch(config)#vlan 3
    6. Switch(config-vlan)#exit
    7. Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3
    8. Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
    9. Switch(config-if)#exit
    10. Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4
    11. Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
    12. Switch(config-if)#exit
    13. Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/5
    14. Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
    15. Switch(config-if)#exit
    16. Switch(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/6
    17. Switch(config-if)#switchport access vlan 3

    3)在交换机上查看vlan信息,可以看到创建的vlan以及vlan下的接口

    1. Switch>enable
    2. Switch#show vlan
    3. VLAN Name Status Ports
    4. ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
    5. 1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/7, Fa0/8
    6. Fa0/9, Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12
    7. Fa0/13, Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16
    8. Fa0/17, Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20
    9. Fa0/21, Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
    10. 2 VLAN0002 active Fa0/3, Fa0/4
    11. 3 VLAN0003 active Fa0/5, Fa0/6
    12. 1002 fddi-default act/unsup
    13. 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
    14. 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
    15. 1005 trnet-default act/unsup
    16. VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
    17. ---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
    18. 1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    19. 2 enet 100002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    20. 3 enet 100003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    21. 1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    22. 1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    23. 1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
    24. 1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
    25. Remote SPAN VLANs
    26. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    27. Primary Secondary Type Ports
    28. ------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------

    4)在客户端测试网络的连通性

    在192.168.1.0/24的客户机上测试1.0网段的连通性

    1. PC1>ping 192.168.1.2
    2. Pinging 192.168.1.2 with 32 bytes of data:
    3. Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=128
    4. Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
    5. Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
    6. Reply from 192.168.1.2: bytes=32 time=4ms TTL=128
    7. Ping statistics for 192.168.1.2:
    8. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    9. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    10. Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 11ms, Average = 4ms

    5)在192.168.2.0/24的客户机上测试2.0网段的连通性

    1. PC>ping 192.168.2.2
    2. Pinging 192.168.2.2 with 32 bytes of data:
    3. Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
    4. Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    5. Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    6. Reply from 192.168.2.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    7. Ping statistics for 192.168.2.2:
    8. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    9. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    10. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

    6)在192.168.3.0/24的客户机上测试3.0网段的连通性

    1. PC>ping 192.168.3.2
    2. Pinging 192.168.3.2 with 32 bytes of data:
    3. Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
    4. Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    5. Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    6. Reply from 192.168.3.2: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
    7. Ping statistics for 192.168.3.2:
    8. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    9. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    10. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

    2 案例2:配置trunk中继链路

    2.1 问题

    在两台交换机上分别创建vlan2、vlan3,参照如下网络拓扑图-4将端口加入到指定的vlan并配置IP址,实现跨交换机的同vlan主机的通信。

    图-4

    2.2 方案

    分别在sw1和sw2上创建vlan2和vlan3并把相应的接口划分到对应的vlan并为客户端配置IP地址,IP地址具有唯一性所以同一局域网络中不能存在相同的IP,另所有的接口默认为vlan1,所以不配置trunk中继链路vlan1也是可以跨交换机通信的。

    2.3 步骤

    实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行

    步骤一:为客户端配置IP,分别为交换机sw1和sw2创建vlan并把相应的接口划到相对应的vlan下

    1)参照图-4为客户端分别配置相对应网段的IP

    2)为交换机创建vlan2、vlan3 并把相应的接口划到vlan下

    1. Switch >enable
    2. Switch#configure terminal
    3. Switch(config)#hostname SW1
    4. SW1 (config)#Switch(config-vlan)#exit
    5. SW1 (config)#vlan 3
    6. SW1 (config-vlan)#exit
    7. SW1 (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3
    8. SW1 (config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
    9. SW1 (config-if)#exit
    10. SW1 (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4
    11. SW1 (config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
    12. SW1 (config-if)#exit
    13. SW1 (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/5
    14. SW1 (config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
    15. SW1 (config-if)#exit
    16. SW1 (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/6
    17. SW1 (config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
    18. Switch >enable
    19. Switch#configure terminal
    20. Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
    21. Switch(config)#hostname SW2
    22. SW2 (config)#Switch(config-vlan)#exit
    23. SW2 (config)#vlan 3
    24. SW2 (config-vlan)#exit
    25. SW2 (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/3
    26. SW2(config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
    27. SW2 (config-if)#exit
    28. SW2 (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/4
    29. SW2 (config-if)#switchport access vlan 2
    30. SW2 (config-if)#exit
    31. SW2 (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/5
    32. SW2 (config-if)#switchport access vlan 3
    33. SW2 (config-if)#exit
    34. SW2 (config)#interface fastEthernet 0/6
    35. SW2 (config-if)#switchport access vlan 3

    3)分别查看SW1和SW2交换机上的vlan信息

    1. SW1#show vlan
    2. VLAN Name Status Ports
    3. ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
    4. 1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
    5. Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
    6. Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
    7. Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
    8. Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
    9. 2 VLAN0002 active Fa0/3, Fa0/4
    10. 3 VLAN0003 active Fa0/5, Fa0/6
    11. 1002 fddi-default act/unsup
    12. 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
    13. 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
    14. 1005 trnet-default act/unsup
    15. VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
    16. ---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
    17. 1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    18. 2 enet 100002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    19. 3 enet 100003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    20. 1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    21. 1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    22. 1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
    23. 1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
    24. Remote SPAN VLANs
    25. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    26. Primary Secondary Type Ports
    27. ------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
    28. SW1#
    29. SW2#show vlan
    30. VLAN Name Status Ports
    31. ---- -------------------------------- --------- -------------------------------
    32. 1 default active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/8, Fa0/9
    33. Fa0/10, Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13
    34. Fa0/14, Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17
    35. Fa0/18, Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21
    36. Fa0/22, Fa0/23, Fa0/24
    37. 2 VLAN0002 active Fa0/3, Fa0/4
    38. 3 VLAN0003 active Fa0/5, Fa0/6
    39. 1002 fddi-default act/unsup
    40. 1003 token-ring-default act/unsup
    41. 1004 fddinet-default act/unsup
    42. 1005 trnet-default act/unsup
    43. VLAN Type SAID MTU Parent RingNo BridgeNo Stp BrdgMode Trans1 Trans2
    44. ---- ----- ---------- ----- ------ ------ -------- ---- -------- ------ ------
    45. 1 enet 100001 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    46. 2 enet 100002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    47. 3 enet 100003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    48. 1002 fddi 101002 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    49. 1003 tr 101003 1500 - - - - - 0 0
    50. 1004 fdnet 101004 1500 - - - ieee - 0 0
    51. 1005 trnet 101005 1500 - - - ibm - 0 0
    52. Remote SPAN VLANs
    53. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    54. Primary Secondary Type Ports
    55. ------- --------- ----------------- ------------------------------------------
    56. SW2#

    步骤二:为交换机配置trunk中继链接路

    1)分别进入两台交换机相连接的f0/7接口配置trunk中继链路

    1. SW1>enable
    2. SW1#configure terminal
    3. SW1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/7
    4. SW1(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
    5. SW2#enable
    6. SW2#configure terminal
    7. SW2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/7
    8. SW2(config-if)#switchport mode trunk
    9. SW2(config-if)#

    2)测试2.0网段和3.0网段跨交换机通信

    1. PC>ping 192.168.2.3
    2. Pinging 192.168.2.3 with 32 bytes of data:
    3. Reply from 192.168.2.3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
    4. Reply from 192.168.2.3: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    5. Reply from 192.168.2.3: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    6. Reply from 192.168.2.3: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    7. Ping statistics for 192.168.2.3:
    8. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    9. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    10. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms
    11. PC>ping 192.168.3.3
    12. Pinging 192.168.3.3 with 32 bytes of data:
    13. Reply from 192.168.3.3: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=128
    14. Reply from 192.168.3.3: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    15. Reply from 192.168.3.3: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    16. Reply from 192.168.3.3: bytes=32 time=0ms TTL=128
    17. Ping statistics for 192.168.3.3:
    18. Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),
    19. Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
    20. Minimum = 0ms, Maximum = 1ms, Average = 0ms

    3 案例3:以太通道配置

    3.1 问题

    企业需要增加带宽和网络可用性,以太通道可以同时满足这两个条件,而又无需购买新设备。

    3.2 方案

    在某些环境下,为了在现有条件下增加带宽而不增加额外的设备,以太通道是可用技术之一。以太通道为交换机提供了端口捆绑的技术,允许两个交换机之间通过两个或多个端口并行连接,同时传输数据,以提供更高的带宽。

    企业网络模拟拓扑环境如图-5所示:

    图-5

    3.3 步骤

    实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

    步骤一:在交换机A上分别配置以太通道

    太通道的配置模式与Trunk类似,也有开启、企望等。同样的,在生产环境下都是强制设置以太通道处于on的状态,而不是让它们自动协商。

    1. sw1(config)# interface range fastEthernet 0/7 – 9
    2. Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
    3. sw1(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on
    4. sw1(config-if-range)#

    步骤二:在交换机B上分别配置以太通道

    1. sw2(config)# interface range fastEthernet 0/7 – 9
    2. Switch(config-if-range)#switchport mode trunk
    3. sw2(config-if-range)#channel-group 1 mode on
    4. sw2(config-if-range)#

    步骤三:在交换机A上查看以太通通道配置

    1. sw1# show etherchannel 1 summary
    2. Flags: D - down P - in port-channel
    3. I - stand-alone s - suspended
    4. H - Hot-standby (LACP only)
    5. R - Layer3 S - Layer2
    6. U - in use f - failed to allocate aggregator
    7. u - unsuitable for bundling
    8. w - waiting to be aggregated
    9. d - default port
    10. Number of channel-groups in use: 1
    11. Number of aggregators: 1
    12. Group Port-channel Protocol Ports
    13. ------+-------------+-----------+---------------------------------
    14. 1 Po1(SU) - Fa0/7(P) Fa0/8(P) Fa0/9(P)

    根据输出最后一行小括号中的提示,可以获知以太通道是二层的(S)、正在被使用的(U),端口Fa0/7、Fa0/8和Fa09在以太通道中(P)。

    步骤四:创建以太通道后,系统会增加一个名称为Port-channel 1的端口,可以通过show running-config命令查看到其信息

    1. sw2#show running-config
    2. Building configuration...
    3. Current configuration : 1308 bytes
    4. !
    5. version 12.2
    6. no service timestamps log datetime msec
    7. no service timestamps debug datetime msec
    8. no service password-encryption
    9. !
    10. hostname tarena-sw2
    11. !
    12. !
    13. .. ..
    14. interface Port-channel 1 //以太通道信息
    15. switchport mode trunk
    16. !
    17. .. ..

    4 案例4:DHCP服务配置

    4.1 问题

    大型企业网络客户机数量较多,客记机IP地址配置如果都为静态配置存在如下问题:

    • 增加网络管理员工作量
    • 静态手动配置容易输入错误
    • 静态手动配置容易冲突

    4.2 方案

    在路由器上配置DHCP服务为客户端自动分配IP地址如图-6所示:

    图-6

      • VLAN 1:192.168.1.0/24
      • 网关192.168.1.254
      • 首选DNS为202.106.0.20
      • 预留IP地址打印服务器:192.168.1.1
      • 预留IP地址文件服务器:192.168.1.100

    4.3 步骤

    实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

    步骤一:路由器R1配置DHCP服务

    1)配置路由器接口IP

    1. R1(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0
    2. R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0
    3. R1(config-if)#no shutdown

    2)DHCP服务配置

    1. R1(config)#ip dhcp pool vlan11)
    2. R1(dhcp-config)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
    3. R1(dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.1.254
    4. R1(dhcp-config)#dns-server 202.106.0.20
    5. R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1
    6. R1(config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.100

    3)设置主机A的IP配置为自动获取如图-7所示:

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoren112/p/8257614.html
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