一、环境准备：pom.xml 导入依赖 poi-ooxml
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId> <artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId> <version>3.17</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
二、Excel 读取 =》封装成对象
思路：将excel中的每一行row封装成对象cases，将对象cases保存到listCases集合方便后续调用！
1.创建对象cases
1 package cn.xiaobing.pojo; 2 3 /**1.创建实体类 4 * 2.生成get和set方法 5 * 3.提供有参和无参构造器 6 * 4.重写toString方法 7 * @author Administrator 8 */ 9 public class Cases { 10 private String caseId; 11 private String interfaceName; 12 private String url; 13 private String submitType; 14 private String dataType; 15 private String desc; 16 private String mobilephone; 17 private String pwd; 18 public String getCaseId() { 19 return caseId; 20 } 21 public void setCaseId(String caseId) { 22 this.caseId = caseId; 23 } 24 public String getInterfaceName() { 25 return interfaceName; 26 } 27 public void setInterfaceName(String interfaceName) { 28 this.interfaceName = interfaceName; 29 } 30 public String getUrl() { 31 return url; 32 } 33 public void setUrl(String url) { 34 this.url = url; 35 } 36 public String getSubmitType() { 37 return submitType; 38 } 39 public void setSubmitType(String submitType) { 40 this.submitType = submitType; 41 } 42 public String getDataType() { 43 return dataType; 44 } 45 public void setDataType(String dataType) { 46 this.dataType = dataType; 47 } 48 public String getDesc() { 49 return desc; 50 } 51 public void setDesc(String desc) { 52 this.desc = desc; 53 } 54 public String getMobilephone() { 55 return mobilephone; 56 } 57 public void setMobilephone(String mobilephone) { 58 this.mobilephone = mobilephone; 59 } 60 public String getPwd() { 61 return pwd; 62 } 63 public void setPwd(String pwd) { 64 this.pwd = pwd; 65 } 66 public Cases() { 67 super(); 68 } 69 public Cases(String caseId, String interfaceName, String url, String submitType, String dataType, String desc, 70 String mobilephone, String pwd) { 71 super(); 72 this.caseId = caseId; 73 this.interfaceName = interfaceName; 74 this.url = url; 75 this.submitType = submitType; 76 this.dataType = dataType; 77 this.desc = desc; 78 this.mobilephone = mobilephone; 79 this.pwd = pwd; 80 } 81 @Override 82 public String toString() { 83 return "Cases [caseId=" + caseId + ", interfaceName=" + interfaceName + ", url=" + url + ", submitType=" 84 + submitType + ", dataType=" + dataType + ", desc=" + desc + ", mobilephone=" + mobilephone + ", pwd=" 85 + pwd + "]"; 86 } 87 }
2.读取readExcel方法实现
1 package cn.xiaobing.excelUtil; 2 3 import java.io.File; 4 import java.io.FileInputStream; 5 import java.io.IOException; 6 import java.io.InputStream; 7 import java.lang.reflect.Method; 8 import java.util.ArrayList; 9 import java.util.HashMap; 10 import java.util.List; 11 import java.util.Map; 12 13 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell; 14 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellType; 15 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row; 16 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row.MissingCellPolicy; 17 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet; 18 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook; 19 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory; 20 21 import cn.xiaobing.pojo.Cases; 22 23 /**读取Excel 24 * @author Administrator 25 */ 26 public class ReadExcel { 27 /**加载cases类添加到list集合 28 * @return 29 */ 30 public static List<Cases> loadCase(){ 31 //创建存放cases的List列表，将excel中每行的数据封装成对象再添加到list集合 32 List listCases = new ArrayList(); 33 //创建workbook工作薄对象 34 //文件目录写相对于项目的相对路径 35 File file = new File("src/test/resources/cases.xls"); 36 InputStream inputStream = null; 37 Workbook workbook = null; 38 try { 39 inputStream = new FileInputStream(file); 40 workbook = WorkbookFactory.create(inputStream); 41 } catch (Exception e) { 42 e.printStackTrace(); 43 }finally { 44 //finally必须执行的方法，利用finally关闭IO流 45 if(inputStream != null) { 46 try { 47 inputStream.close(); 48 } catch (IOException e) { 49 e.printStackTrace(); 50 } 51 } 52 } 53 //创建sheet表单对象 54 Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(0);//根据sheet下标获取 55 // Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheet("接口用例");//根据sheet名获取 56 //拿到excel的实际行数:返回行数下标=》Returns:last row contained n this sheet (0-based) 57 int rowNum = sheet.getLastRowNum(); 58 //获取标题行index=0的列数 59 int cellNum = sheet.getRow(0).getLastCellNum(); 60 //获取标题列索引和标题名的映射关系 61 Map<Integer, String> indexAndCellNameMap = indexAndCellNameMap(sheet); 62 //获取行,第一行为标题列，所以从下标1开始取行数据 63 //循环取出每一行 64 Object obj = null; 65 for (int i = 1; i <= rowNum; i++) { 66 try { 67 //每一行对应一个数据对象.调用一个newInstance方法得到一个对象 68 obj = Cases.class.newInstance(); 69 } catch (Exception e1) { 70 e1.printStackTrace(); 71 } 72 Row row = sheet.getRow(i); 73 for (int j = 0; j < cellNum; j++) { 74 //如果row为空,跳过继续 75 if(row == null) { 76 continue; 77 } 78 //获取列,同时设置空列的处理策略MissingCellPolicy.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK 79 Cell cell = row.getCell(j, MissingCellPolicy.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK); 80 //取出前设置列的类型，所有的列都当做是字符串来处理 81 cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING); 82 String cellValue = cell.getStringCellValue(); 83 //获取要反射的方法名即：列标题前面拼接一个set就得到了此列要反射的方法名 84 String methodName = "set"+ indexAndCellNameMap.get(j); 85 //拿到方法对象 86 Method method =null; 87 try { 88 method = Cases.class.getMethod(methodName, String.class); 89 //反射调用方法 90 method.invoke(obj, cellValue); 91 } catch (Exception e) { 92 e.printStackTrace(); 93 } 94 } 95 listCases.add(obj); 96 } 97 return listCases; 98 } 99 /**获取标题行，取出cell值，将标题列索引和其标题存到Map，构成映射关系 100 * @param sheet 101 * @return 102 */ 103 public static Map<Integer, String> indexAndCellNameMap(Sheet sheet) { 104 //将标题行索引和标题行列名添加到indexAndCellNameMap保存后续使用 105 Map<Integer, String> indexAndCellNameMap = new HashMap<Integer, String>(); 106 //获取第一行titleRow，由titleRow获取行列数cellNum 107 Row titleRow = sheet.getRow(0); 108 //拿到execl的实际列数cellNum,返回列数 1-based 109 int cellNum =titleRow.getLastCellNum(); 110 //获取标题行每一列 111 for (int i = 0; i < cellNum; i++) { 112 Cell titleCell = titleRow.getCell(i); 113 titleCell.setCellType(CellType.STRING); 114 //取出列名 115 String cellValue = titleCell.getStringCellValue(); 116 //将列索引和其标题存到map，构成映射 117 indexAndCellNameMap.put(i, cellValue); 118 } 119 return indexAndCellNameMap; 120 } 121 public static void main(String[] args) { 122 List<Cases> lst= ReadExcel.loadCase(); 123 for (Cases cases : lst) { 124 System.out.println(cases); 125 } 126 } 127 }
Console： Cases [caseId=1, interfaceName=Register, url=https://www.zhihu.com/signup?next=%2F, submitType=post, dataType=form, desc=手机号, mobilephone=18335198888, pwd=] Cases [caseId=2, interfaceName=Register, url=https://www.zhihu.com/signup?next=%2F, submitType=post, dataType=form, desc=密码, mobilephone=, pwd=123456] Cases [caseId=3, interfaceName=Register, url=https://www.zhihu.com/signup?next=%2F, submitType=post, dataType=form, desc=错误手机号+密码, mobilephone=123, pwd=123456] Cases [caseId=4, interfaceName=Register, url=https://www.zhihu.com/signup?next=%2F, submitType=post, dataType=form, desc=正确手机号+错密码, mobilephone=18813989449, pwd=12345] Cases [caseId=5, interfaceName=Register, url=https://www.zhihu.com/signup?next=%2F, submitType=post, dataType=form, desc=合格手机号+合格密码, mobilephone=18813989449, pwd=123456]
三、Excel 写入
1.例如用例执行结果回写到Excel中的Result列：
2.修改实体类Cases，添加result属性
1 package cn.xiaobing.pojo; 2 3 /**1.创建实体类 4 * 2.生成get和set方法 5 * 3.提供有参和无参构造器 6 * 4.重写toString方法 7 * @author Administrator 8 */ 9 public class Cases { 10 private String caseId; 11 private String interfaceName; 12 private String url; 13 private String submitType; 14 private String dataType; 15 private String desc; 16 private String mobilephone; 17 private String pwd; 18 private String result; 19 public String getCaseId() { 20 return caseId; 21 } 22 public void setCaseId(String caseId) { 23 this.caseId = caseId; 24 } 25 public String getInterfaceName() { 26 return interfaceName; 27 } 28 public void setInterfaceName(String interfaceName) { 29 this.interfaceName = interfaceName; 30 } 31 public String getUrl() { 32 return url; 33 } 34 public void setUrl(String url) { 35 this.url = url; 36 } 37 public String getSubmitType() { 38 return submitType; 39 } 40 public void setSubmitType(String submitType) { 41 this.submitType = submitType; 42 } 43 public String getDataType() { 44 return dataType; 45 } 46 public void setDataType(String dataType) { 47 this.dataType = dataType; 48 } 49 public String getDesc() { 50 return desc; 51 } 52 public void setDesc(String desc) { 53 this.desc = desc; 54 } 55 public String getMobilephone() { 56 return mobilephone; 57 } 58 public void setMobilephone(String mobilephone) { 59 this.mobilephone = mobilephone; 60 } 61 public String getPwd() { 62 return pwd; 63 } 64 public void setPwd(String pwd) { 65 this.pwd = pwd; 66 } 67 public String getResult() { 68 return result; 69 } 70 public void setResult(String result) { 71 this.result = result; 72 } 73 74 public Cases() { 75 super(); 76 } 77 public Cases(String caseId, String interfaceName, String url, String submitType, String dataType, String desc, 78 String mobilephone, String pwd, String result) { 79 super(); 80 this.caseId = caseId; 81 this.interfaceName = interfaceName; 82 this.url = url; 83 this.submitType = submitType; 84 this.dataType = dataType; 85 this.desc = desc; 86 this.mobilephone = mobilephone; 87 this.pwd = pwd; 88 this.result = result; 89 } 90 @Override 91 public String toString() { 92 return "Cases [caseId=" + caseId + ", interfaceName=" + interfaceName + ", url=" + url + ", submitType=" 93 + submitType + ", dataType=" + dataType + ", desc=" + desc + ", mobilephone=" + mobilephone + ", pwd=" 94 + pwd + ", result=" + result + "]"; 95 } 96 }
3.写入实现类WriteExcel
1 package cn.xiaobing.excelUtil; 2 3 import java.io.File; 4 import java.io.FileInputStream; 5 import java.io.FileOutputStream; 6 import java.io.IOException; 7 import java.io.InputStream; 8 import java.io.OutputStream; 9 10 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Cell; 11 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.CellType; 12 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row; 13 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Row.MissingCellPolicy; 14 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Sheet; 15 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.Workbook; 16 import org.apache.poi.ss.usermodel.WorkbookFactory; 17 18 /**实现测试结果result回写excel 19 * @author Administrator 20 */ 21 public class WriteExcel { 22 /**实现测试结果result回写excel的方法 23 * @param sheetNum 回写sheet下标数 24 * @param rowNum 回写行下标数 25 * @param cellNum 回写列下标数 26 * @param Result 回写表单列result内容 27 */ 28 public static void writeExcel(int sheetNum,int rowNum,int cellNum,String Result) { 29 ////文件目录写相对于项目的相对路径 30 File file = new File("src/test/resources/cases.xls"); 31 //输入流 32 InputStream inputStream = null; 33 Workbook workbook = null; 34 try { 35 inputStream = new FileInputStream(file); 36 //创建workbook工作薄对象 37 workbook =WorkbookFactory.create(inputStream); 38 } catch (Exception e) { 39 e.printStackTrace(); 40 }finally { 41 if(inputStream != null) { 42 try { 43 inputStream.close(); 44 } catch (IOException e) { 45 e.printStackTrace(); 46 } 47 } 48 } 49 //根据传入的表单下标获取表单 50 Sheet sheet = workbook.getSheetAt(sheetNum); 51 //根据传入的行索引rowNum获取行 52 Row row = sheet.getRow(rowNum); 53 //根据传入的列索引cellNum获取列cell,同时设置空列的处理策略MissingCellPolicy.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK 54 Cell cell = row.getCell(cellNum,MissingCellPolicy.CREATE_NULL_AS_BLANK); 55 //取出前设置列的类型，所有的列都当做是字符串来处理 56 cell.setCellType(CellType.STRING); 57 //set执行结果result到cell列 58 cell.setCellValue(Result); 59 OutputStream outputStream = null; 60 try { 61 //准备输出流对象 62 outputStream = new FileOutputStream(file); 63 //将数据写入文件 64 workbook.write(outputStream); 65 } catch (Exception e) { 66 e.printStackTrace(); 67 }finally { 68 if(outputStream != null) { 69 try { 70 outputStream.close(); 71 } catch (IOException e) { 72 // TODO Auto-generated catch block 73 e.printStackTrace(); 74 } 75 } 76 } 77 } 78 79 public static void main(String[] args) { 80 /**例如实际执行自动化测试中 81 * 已知写入的sheet表单下标 82 * 已知本条用例的caseID可以获取rowNum 83 * 已知写入列名可以获取cellNum 84 * 已知测试结果result 85 */ 86 WriteExcel.writeExcel(0, 1, 8, "不通过，测试失败！");
System.out.println("执行成功！"); 87 } 88 }
总结：亲测后总结，分享给需要的人，不足之处后续修改补充！