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  • Android中mesure过程详解

    invalidate()最后会发起一个View树遍历的请求,并通过执行performTraersal()来响应该请求,performTraersal()正是对View树进行遍历和绘制的核心函数,内部的主体逻辑是判断是否需要重新测量视图大小(measure),是否需要重新布局(layout),是否重新需要绘制(draw)。measure过程是遍历的前提,只有measure后才能进行布局(layout)和绘制(draw),因为在layout的过程中需要用到measure过程中计算得到的每个View的测量大小,而draw过程需要layout确定每个view的位置才能进行绘制。下面我们主要来探讨一下measure的主要过程,相对与layout和draw,measure过程理解起来比较困难。

          我们在编写layout的xml文件时会碰到layout_width和layout_height两个属性,对于这两个属性我们有三种选择:赋值成具体的数值,match_parent或者wrap_content,而measure过程就是用来处理match_parent或者wrap_content,假如layout中规定所有View的layout_width和layout_height必须赋值成具体的数值,那么measure其实是没有必要的,但是google在设计Android的时候考虑加入match_parent或者wrap_content肯定是有原因的,它们会使得布局更加灵活。

          首先我们来看几个关键的函数和参数:

          1、public final void measue(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec);

          2、protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec);

          3、protected void measureChildren(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)

          4、protected void measureChild(View child, int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int parentHeightMeasureSpec)

          5、protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed, int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed)

         接着我们来看View类中measure和onMeasure函数的源码:

        

    public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            if ((mPrivateFlags & FORCE_LAYOUT) == FORCE_LAYOUT ||
                    widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
                    heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {
    
                // first clears the measured dimension flag
                mPrivateFlags &= ~MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
    
                if (ViewDebug.TRACE_HIERARCHY) {
                    ViewDebug.trace(this, ViewDebug.HierarchyTraceType.ON_MEASURE);
                }
    
                // measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
                onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
    
                // flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
                // an exception to warn the developer
                if ((mPrivateFlags & MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("onMeasure() did not set the"
                            + " measured dimension by calling"
                            + " setMeasuredDimension()");
                }
    
                mPrivateFlags |= LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
            }
    
            mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
            mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
        }

    由于函数原型中有final字段,那么measure根本没打算被子类继承,也就是说measure的过程是固定的,而measure中调用了onMeasure函数,因此真正有变数的是onMeasure函数,onMeasure的默认实现很简单,源码如下:

    protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
            setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
                    getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
        }

    onMeasure默认的实现仅仅调用了setMeasuredDimension,setMeasuredDimension函数是一个很关键的函数,它对View的成员变量mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight变量赋值,而measure的主要目的就是对View树中的每个View的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight进行赋值,一旦这两个变量被赋值,则意味着该View的测量工作结束。

    protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
            mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
            mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
    
            mPrivateFlags |= MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
        }

    对于非ViewGroup的View而言,通过调用上面默认的measure——>onMeasure,即可完成View的测量,当然你也可以重载onMeasure,并调用setMeasuredDimension来设置任意大小的布局,但一般不这么做,因为这种做法太“专政”,至于为何“专政”,读完本文就会明白

          对于ViewGroup的子类而言,往往会重载onMeasure函数负责其children的measure工作,重载时不要忘记调用setMeasuredDimension来设置自身的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight。如果我们在layout的时候不需要依赖子视图的大小,那么不重载onMeasure也可以,但是必须重载onLayout来安排子视图的位置,这在下一篇博客中会介绍。  

          再来看下measue(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)中的两个参数, 这两个参数分别是父视图提供的测量规格,当父视图调用子视图的measure函数对子视图进行测量时,会传入这两个参数,通过这两个参数以及子视图本身的LayoutParams来共同决定子视图的测量规格,在ViewGroup的measureChildWithMargins函数中体现了这个过程,稍后会介绍。

         MeasureSpec参数的值为int型,分为高32位和低16为,高32位保存的是specMode,低16位表示specSize,specMode分三种:

          1、MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED,父视图不对子视图施加任何限制,子视图可以得到任意想要的大小;

          2、MeasureSpec.EXACTLY,父视图希望子视图的大小是specSize中指定的大小;

          3、MeasureSpec.AT_MOST,子视图的大小最多是specSize中的大小。

          以上施加的限制只是父视图“希望”子视图的大小按MeasureSpec中描述的那样,但是子视图的具体大小取决于多方面的。

          ViewGroup中定义了measureChildren, measureChild,  measureChildWithMargins来对子视图进行测量,measureChildren内部只是循环调用measureChild,measureChild和measureChildWithMargins的区别就是是否把margin和padding也作为子视图的大小,我们主要分析measureChildWithMargins的执行过程:

        protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
                int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
                int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
            final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
    
            final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
                    mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
                            + widthUsed, lp.width);
            final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
                    mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
                            + heightUsed, lp.height);
    
            child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
        }

    总的来看该函数就是对父视图提供的measureSpec参数进行了调整(结合自身的LayoutParams参数),然后再来调用child.measure()函数,具体通过函数getChildMeasureSpec来进行参数调整,过程如下:

    public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
            int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
            int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
    
            int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
    
            int resultSize = 0;
            int resultMode = 0;
    
            switch (specMode) {
            // Parent has imposed an exact size on us
            case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
                if (childDimension >= 0) {
                    resultSize = childDimension;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    // Child wants to be our size. So be it.
                    resultSize = size;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                    // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                    // bigger than us.
                    resultSize = size;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
                }
                break;
    
            // Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
            case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
                if (childDimension >= 0) {
                    // Child wants a specific size... so be it
                    resultSize = childDimension;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    // Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
                    // Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
                    resultSize = size;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                    // Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
                    // bigger than us.
                    resultSize = size;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
                }
                break;
    
            // Parent asked to see how big we want to be
            case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
                if (childDimension >= 0) {
                    // Child wants a specific size... let him have it
                    resultSize = childDimension;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
                    // Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
                    // be
                    resultSize = 0;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
                } else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
                    // Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
                    // big it should be
                    resultSize = 0;
                    resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
                }
                break;
            }
            return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
        }

    getChildMeasureSpec的总体思路就是通过其父视图提供的MeasureSpec参数得到specMode和specSize,并根据计算出来的specMode以及子视图的childDimension(layout_width和layout_height中定义的)来计算自身的measureSpec,如果其本身包含子视图,则计算出来的measureSpec将作为调用其子视图measure函数的参数,同时也作为自身调用setMeasuredDimension的参数,如果其不包含子视图则默认情况下最终会调用onMeasure的默认实现,并最终调用到setMeasuredDimension,而该函数的参数正是这里计算出来的。

          总结:从上面的描述看出,决定权最大的就是View的设计者,因为设计者可以通过调用setMeasuredDimension决定视图的最终大小,例如调用setMeasuredDimension(100, 100)将视图的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight设置为100,100,那么父视图提供的大小以及程序员在xml中设置的layout_width和layout_height将完全不起作用,当然良好的设计一般会根据子视图的measureSpec来设置mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight的大小,已尊重程序员的意图。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xilinch/p/2737178.html
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