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ASP.NET MVC 之路由配置

　　主要操作在App_Start 目录下的 RouteConfig.cs 文件。

一、Url构造方式

1、命名参数规范+匿名对象

routes.MapRoute(
    name: "Default",
    url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
    defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }
);

2、先构造路由然后添加

Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}", new MvcRouteHandler()); 
routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute);

3、直接方法重载+匿名对象

routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" });

二、路由规则

1、默认路由(MVC自带)

routes.MapRoute( 
    "Default", // 路由名称
    "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL 
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值 (UrlParameter.Optional-可选的意思) );

using System;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.Web.Routing;

namespace System.Web.Mvc
{
    public static class RouteCollectionExtensions
    {
        public static VirtualPathData GetVirtualPathForArea(this RouteCollection routes, RequestContext requestContext, 
　　　　　　　　RouteValueDictionary values);
        public static VirtualPathData GetVirtualPathForArea(this RouteCollection routes, RequestContext requestContext,
　　　　　　　　 string name, RouteValueDictionary values);
        public static void IgnoreRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string url);
        public static void IgnoreRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string url, object constraints);
        public static Route MapRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string name, string url);
        public static Route MapRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string name, string url, object defaults);
        public static Route MapRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string name, string url, string[] namespaces);
        public static Route MapRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints);
        public static Route MapRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string name, string url, object defaults, string[] namespaces);
        public static Route MapRoute(this RouteCollection routes, string name, string url, object defaults, object constraints,
　　　　　　　　 string[] namespaces);
    }
}

2、静态URL段

routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }); 
routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" }); 
routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction.js",
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });

　　没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。

　　比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js，response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。

3.自定义常规变量URL段

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId" });

　　这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话，因为第三段（id）没有值，根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId

　　这个可在Controller中利用 RouteData.Values["id"] 接收路由参数进行查看，viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出：ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"]，结果是标题显示为DefaultId。

4.再述默认路由

　　UrlParameter.Optional 这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。照原文大致说法，这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解，实际参数是用户发来的，我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是，如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话，建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如：

public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd")
{
    ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];
    return View();
}

5.可变长度路由。

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });

　　在这里id和最后一段都是可变的，所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....

6.跨命名空间路由

　　这个记得引用命名空间，开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流，不建议瞎搞。

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute","{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 　
　　new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
　　new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers", "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers" });

　　但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的，如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。然后作者提出了一种改进写法。

routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute","Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
    new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); 

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
    new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });

　　这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦，也就不再往下找啦。

Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute", 
    "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}", 
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, 
    new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });  
myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;

7.正则表达式匹配路由

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
    new { controller = "^H.*"}, 
    new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

多个约束URL

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, 
    new { controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About$"}, 
    new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});

8.指定请求方法

routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional }, 
    new { controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") }, 
    new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });

9. WebForm支持

routes.MapPageRoute("", "", "~/Default.aspx");
routes.MapPageRoute("list", "Items/{action}", "~/Items/list.aspx", false, 
    new RouteValueDictionary { { "action", "all" } });
routes.MapPageRoute("show", "Show/{action}", "~/show.aspx", false, 
    new RouteValueDictionary { { "action", "all" } });
routes.MapPageRoute("edit", "Edit/{id}", "~/edit.aspx", false, 
    new RouteValueDictionary { { "id", "1" } }, 
    new RouteValueDictionary { { "id", @"d+" } });

　　可参看官方MSDN，下面是routes.MapPageRoute方法的重载：

　　　　　/// <summary>
        /// 方法描述:提供用于定义 Web 窗体应用程序的路由的方法。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="routeName">路由的名称</param>
        /// <param name="routeUrl">路由的 URL 模式</param>
        /// <param name="physicalFile">路由的物理 URL</param>
        /// <returns>将添加到路由集合的路由</returns>
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
        public Route MapPageRoute(string routeName, string routeUrl, string physicalFile);
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 方法描述:提供用于定义 Web 窗体应用程序的路由的方法。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="routeName">路由的名称</param>
        /// <param name="routeUrl">路由的 URL 模式</param>
        /// <param name="physicalFile">路由的物理 URL</param>
        /// <param name="checkPhysicalUrlAccess"> 一个值，该值指示 ASP.NET 是否应验证用户是否有权访问物理 URL
        /// （始终会检查路由 URL）。此参数设置 System.Web.Routing.PageRouteHandler.CheckPhysicalUrlAccess属性。
        /// </param>
        /// <returns>将添加到路由集合的路由</returns>
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
        public Route MapPageRoute(string routeName, string routeUrl, string physicalFile, bool checkPhysicalUrlAccess);
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 方法描述:提供用于定义 Web 窗体应用程序的路由的方法。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="routeName">路由的名称</param>
        /// <param name="routeUrl">路由的 URL 模式</param>
        /// <param name="physicalFile">路由的物理 URL</param>
        /// <param name="checkPhysicalUrlAccess"> 一个值，该值指示 ASP.NET 是否应验证用户是否有权访问物理 URL
        /// （始终会检查路由 URL）。此参数设置 System.Web.Routing.PageRouteHandler.CheckPhysicalUrlAccess属性。
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="defaults">路由参数的默认值</param>
        /// <returns>将添加到路由集合的路由</returns>
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
        public Route MapPageRoute(string routeName, string routeUrl, string physicalFile, bool checkPhysicalUrlAccess, 
　　　　　　　　RouteValueDictionary defaults);
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 方法描述:提供用于定义 Web 窗体应用程序的路由的方法。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="routeName">路由的名称</param>
        /// <param name="routeUrl">路由的 URL 模式</param>
        /// <param name="physicalFile">路由的物理 URL</param>
        /// <param name="checkPhysicalUrlAccess"> 一个值，该值指示 ASP.NET 是否应验证用户是否有权访问物理 URL
        /// （始终会检查路由 URL）。此参数设置 System.Web.Routing.PageRouteHandler.CheckPhysicalUrlAccess属性。
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="defaults">路由参数的默认值</param>
        /// <param name="constraints"> 一些约束，URL 请求必须满足这些约束才能作为此路由处理</param>
        /// <returns>将添加到路由集合的路由</returns>
        [TargetedPatchingOptOut("Performance critical to inline this type of method across NGen image boundaries")]
        public Route MapPageRoute(string routeName, string routeUrl, string physicalFile, bool checkPhysicalUrlAccess, 
　　　　　　　　RouteValueDictionary defaults, RouteValueDictionary constraints);
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 方法描述:提供用于定义 Web 窗体应用程序的路由的方法。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="routeName">路由的名称</param>
        /// <param name="routeUrl">路由的 URL 模式</param>
        /// <param name="physicalFile">路由的物理 URL</param>
        /// <param name="checkPhysicalUrlAccess"> 一个值，该值指示 ASP.NET 是否应验证用户是否有权访问物理 URL
        /// （始终会检查路由 URL）。此参数设置 System.Web.Routing.PageRouteHandler.CheckPhysicalUrlAccess属性。
        /// </param>
        /// <param name="defaults">路由参数的默认值</param>
        /// <param name="constraints">一些约束，URL 请求必须满足这些约束才能作为此路由处理</param>
        /// <param name="dataTokens">与路由关联的值，但这些值不用于确定路由是否匹配 URL 模式</param>
        /// <returns>将添加到路由集合的路由</returns>
        public Route MapPageRoute(string routeName, string routeUrl, string physicalFile, bool checkPhysicalUrlAccess, 
　　　　　　　　RouteValueDictionary defaults, RouteValueDictionary constraints, RouteValueDictionary dataTokens);

10.MVC5的RouteAttribute

　　首先要在路由注册方法那里

//启用路由特性映射
routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes();

　　这样

[Route("Login")]

　　route特性才有效。该特性有好几个重载，还有路由约束啊,顺序啊,路由名之类的。

其他的还有路由前缀,路由默认值

[RoutePrefix("reviews")]<br>[Route("{action=index}")]<br>public class ReviewsController : Controller<br>{<br>}

路由构造

// eg: /users/5
[Route("users/{id:int}"]
public ActionResult GetUserById(int id) { ... }
  
// eg: users/ken
[Route("users/{name}"]
public ActionResult GetUserByName(string name) { ... }

参数限制

// eg: /users/5
// but not /users/10000000000 because it is larger than int.MaxValue,
// and not /users/0 because of the min(1) constraint.
[Route("users/{id:int:min(1)}")]
public ActionResult GetUserById(int id) { ... }

Constraint	Description	Example
alpha	Matches uppercase or lowercase Latin alphabet characters (a-z, A-Z)	{x:alpha}
bool	Matches a Boolean value.	{x:bool}
datetime	Matches a DateTime value.	{x:datetime}
decimal	Matches a decimal value.	{x:decimal}
double	Matches a 64-bit floating-point value.	{x:double}
float	Matches a 32-bit floating-point value.	{x:float}
guid	Matches a GUID value.	{x:guid}
int	Matches a 32-bit integer value.	{x:int}
length	Matches a string with the specified length or within a specified range of lengths.	{x:length(6)} {x:length(1,20)}
long	Matches a 64-bit integer value.	{x:long}
max	Matches an integer with a maximum value.	{x:max(10)}
maxlength	Matches a string with a maximum length.	{x:maxlength(10)}
min	Matches an integer with a minimum value.	{x:min(10)}
minlength	Matches a string with a minimum length.	{x:minlength(10)}
range	Matches an integer within a range of values.	{x:range(10,50)}
regex	Matches a regular expression.	{x:regex(^d{3}-d{3}-d{4}$)}

　　具体的可以参考Attribute Routing in ASP.NET MVC 5

　　对我来说,这样的好处是分散了路由规则的定义。因为这个action定义好后,我不需要跑到配置那里定义对应的路由规则。

11.自定义类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Routing;

/// <summary>
/// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, 
///you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface. 
/// </summary>
public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint
{
    private string requiredUserAgent;
    public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam)
    {
        requiredUserAgent = agentParam;
    }

    public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName,RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
    {
        return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null &&
        httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent);
    }
}

routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute", "{*catchall}", 
    new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" }, 
    new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") }, 
    new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });

　　比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。

12.访问本地文档

routes.RouteExistingFiles = true; 
routes.MapRoute("DiskFile", "Content/StaticContent.html", 
    new { controller = "Customer", action = "List", });

　　浏览网站，以开启 IIS Express，然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置（applicationhost.config）-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点

<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0" />

　　把这个节点里的preCondition删除，变成

<add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" />

13.直接访问本地资源，绕过了路由系统

routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");

　　文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。

　　IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话，后面的规则都无效了。这也就是默认的路由里面 routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}"); 写最前面的原因。

三、路由测试

1、在测试项目的基础上，要装moq

PM> Install-Package Moq

2、测试代码

using System;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using System.Web;
using Moq;
using System.Web.Routing;
using System.Reflection;

[TestClass]
public class RoutesTest
{
    private HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(string targetUrl = null, string HttpMethod = "GET")
    {
        // create the mock request
        Mock<HttpRequestBase> mockRequest = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
        mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath).Returns(targetUrl);
        mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod);

        // create the mock response
        Mock<HttpResponseBase> mockResponse = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();
        mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier(It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s => s);

        // create the mock context, using the request and response
        Mock<HttpContextBase> mockContext = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();
        mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object);
        mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object);

        // return the mocked context
        return mockContext.Object;
    }

    private void TestRouteMatch(string url, string controller, string action, object routeProperties = null, string httpMethod = "GET")
    {
        // Arrange
        RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection();
        RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);

        // Act - process the route
        RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod));

        // Assert
        Assert.IsNotNull(result);
        Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties));
    }

    private bool TestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult, string controller, string action, object propertySet = null)
    {
        Func<object, object, bool> valCompare = (v1, v2) =>
        {
            return StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase.Compare(v1, v2) == 0;
        };

        bool result = valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"], controller)
        && valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"], action);

        if (propertySet != null)
        {
            PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties();
            foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propInfo)
            {
                if (!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name)
                && valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name],
                pi.GetValue(propertySet, null))))
                {
                    result = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    private void TestRouteFail(string url)
    {
        // Arrange
        RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection();
        RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);

        // Act - process the route
        RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url));

        // Assert
        Assert.IsTrue(result == null || result.Route == null);
    }

    [TestMethod]
    public void TestIncomingRoutes()
    {
        // check for the URL that we hope to receive
        TestRouteMatch("~/Admin/Index", "Admin", "Index");

        // check that the values are being obtained from the segments
        TestRouteMatch("~/One/Two", "One", "Two");

        // ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match
        TestRouteFail("~/Admin/Index/Segment");//失败
        TestRouteFail("~/Admin");//失败
        TestRouteMatch("~/", "Home", "Index");
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer", "Customer", "Index");
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List", "Customer", "List");
        TestRouteFail("~/Customer/List/All");//失败
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All" });
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete" });
        TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete/Perm" });
    }
}

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/xinaixia/p/4991904.html

ASP.NET MVC 之 路由配置

一、Url构造方式

二、路由规则

其他的还有路由前缀,路由默认值

三、路由测试

ASP.NET MVC 之路由配置