Android 中自定义属性(attr.xml,TypedArray)的使用!

在xml 文件里定义控件的属性，我们已经习惯了android:attrs="" ,那么我们能不能定义自己的属性能，比如:test:attrs="" 呢？答案是肯定的.

好了我就不卖关子了，直接进入主题。大致以下步骤:

一、 在res/values 文件下定义一个attrs.xml 文件.代码如下:

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一、在res/values文件下定义一个attrs.xml文件.代码如下:  
 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <declare-styleable name="MyView">
        <attr name="textColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />
    </declare-styleable>
</resources>
一、在res/values文件下定义一个attrs.xml文件.代码如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <declare-styleable name="MyView">
        <attr name="textColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />
    </declare-styleable>
</resources>

二、 我们在MyView.java 代码修改如下，其中下面的构造方法是重点，我们获取定义的属性我们R.sytleable.MyView_textColor, 获取方法中后面通常设定默认值(float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36 ); )， 防止我们在xml 文件中没有定义.从而使用默认值!

获取，MyView 就是定义在<declare-styleable name="MyView "></declare-styleable> 里的名字,获取里面属性用 名字_ 属性 连接起来就可以.TypedArray 通常最后调用 .recycle() 方法，为了保持以后使用该属性一致性！

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public MyView(Context context,AttributeSet attrs)
    {
        super(context,attrs);
        mPaint = new Paint();

        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
                R.styleable.MyView);

        int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.MyView_textColor,
                0XFFFFFFFF);
        float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36);

        mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
        mPaint.setColor(textColor);

        a.recycle();
    }
public MyView(Context context,AttributeSet attrs)
 {
  super(context,attrs);
  mPaint = new Paint();

  TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
    R.styleable.MyView);

  int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.MyView_textColor,
    0XFFFFFFFF);
  float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36);

  mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
  mPaint.setColor(textColor);

  a.recycle();
 }

MyView.java 全部代码如下:

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package com.android.tutor;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.Paint.Style;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
public class MyView extends View {
    private Paint mPaint;
    private Context mContext;
    private static final String mString = "Welcome to Mr Wei's blog";

    public MyView(Context context) {
        super(context);
        mPaint = new Paint();
    }
    public MyView(Context context,AttributeSet attrs)
    {
        super(context,attrs);
        mPaint = new Paint();

        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
                R.styleable.MyView);

        int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.MyView_textColor,
                0XFFFFFFFF);
        float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36);

        mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
        mPaint.setColor(textColor);

        a.recycle();
    }
    @Override
    protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        super.onDraw(canvas);
        //设置填充
        mPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);

        //画一个矩形,前俩个是矩形左上角坐标，后面俩个是右下角坐标
        canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10, 10, 100, 100), mPaint);

        mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
        //绘制文字
        canvas.drawText(mString, 10, 110, mPaint);
    }
}
package com.android.tutor;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Canvas;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.Paint;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.graphics.Paint.Style;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
public class MyView extends View {
 private Paint mPaint;
 private Context mContext;
 private static final String mString = "Welcome to Mr Wei's blog";

 public MyView(Context context) {
  super(context);
  mPaint = new Paint();
 }
 public MyView(Context context,AttributeSet attrs)
 {
  super(context,attrs);
  mPaint = new Paint();

  TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
    R.styleable.MyView);

  int textColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.MyView_textColor,
    0XFFFFFFFF);
  float textSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.MyView_textSize, 36);

  mPaint.setTextSize(textSize);
  mPaint.setColor(textColor);

  a.recycle();
 }
 @Override
 protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
  // TODO Auto-generated method stub
  super.onDraw(canvas);
  //设置填充
  mPaint.setStyle(Style.FILL);

  //画一个矩形,前俩个是矩形左上角坐标，后面俩个是右下角坐标
  canvas.drawRect(new Rect(10, 10, 100, 100), mPaint);

  mPaint.setColor(Color.BLUE);
  //绘制文字
  canvas.drawText(mString, 10, 110, mPaint);
 }
}

 

三、将我们自定义的MyView 加入布局main.xml 文件中，平且使用自定义属性,自定义属性必须加上:

      xmlns:test ="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.android.tutor "蓝色 是自定义属性的前缀，红色 是我们包名.

main.xml 全部代码如下:

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<?xml   
version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>  
<LinearLayout   
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" 
                
xmlns:test="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.android.tutor" 
    android:orientation="vertical" 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent" 
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" 
    >  
<TextView    
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"   
    android:text="@string/hello" 
    />  
<com.android.tutor.MyView  
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"   
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"   
    test:textSize="20px" 
    test:textColor="#fff" 
/>  
</LinearLayout> 
<?xml
version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
             
xmlns:test="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.android.tutor"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    >
<TextView 
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:text="@string/hello"
    />
<com.android.tutor.MyView
 android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
    test:textSize="20px"
    test:textColor="#fff"
/>
</LinearLayout>
 

四、运行之效果如下图: