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  • SQL Server 监控统计阻塞脚本信息

    本文为转载文章,出处:http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/

    数据库产生阻塞(Blocking)的本质原因 :SQL语句连续持有锁的时间过长 ,数目过多, 粒度过大。阻塞是事务隔离带来的副作用,它是不可避免的,而且是一个数据库系统常见的现象。 但是阻塞的时间和出现频率要控制在一定的范围内,阻塞持续的时间过长或阻塞出现过多(过于频繁),就会对数据库性能产生严重的影响。

        很多时候,DBA需要知道数据库在出现性能问题时,有没有发生阻塞? 什么时候开始的?发生在那个数据库上? 阻塞发生在那些SQL语句之间? 阻塞的时间有多长? 阻塞发生的频率? 阻塞有关的连接是从那些客户端应用发送来的?.......

        如果我们能够知道这些具体信息,我们就能迅速定位问题,分析阻塞产生的原因,  从而找出出现性能问题的根本原因,并根据具体原因给出相应的解决方案(索引调整、优化SQL语句等)。

        查看阻塞的方法比较多, 我在这篇博客MS SQL 日常维护管理常用脚本(二)里面提到查看阻塞的一些方法:

    方法1:查看那个引起阻塞,查看blk不为0的记录,如果存在阻塞进程,则是该阻塞进程的会话 ID。否则该列为零。

        EXEC sp_who active

    方法2:查看那个引起阻塞,查看字段BlkBy,这个能够得到比sp_who更多的信息。

        EXEC sp_who2 active

    方法3:sp_lock 系统存储过程,报告有关锁的信息,但是不方便定位问题

    方法4:sp_who_lock存储过程

    方法5:右键服务器-选择“活动和监视器”,查看进程选项。注意“任务状态”字段。

    方法6:右键服务名称-选择报表-标准报表-活动-所有正在阻塞的事务。

    但是上面方法,例如像sp_who、 sp_who2,sp_who_lock等,都有或多或少的缺点:例如不能查看阻塞和被阻塞的SQL语句。不能从查看一段时间内阻塞发生的情况等;没有显示阻塞的时间....... 我们要实现下面功能:

        1:  查看那个会话阻塞了那个会话

        2:阻塞会话和被阻塞会话正在执行的SQL语句

        3:被阻塞了多长时间

        4:像客户端IP、Proagram_Name之类信息

        5:阻塞发生的时间点

        6:阻塞发生的频率

        7:如果需要,应该通知相关开发人员,DBA不能啥事情都包揽是吧,那不还得累死,总得让开发人员员参与进来优化(有些问题就该他们解决),多了解一些系统运行的具体情况,有利于他们认识问题、解决问题。

        8:需要的时候开启这项功能,不需要关闭这项功能

    于是为了满足上述功能,有了下面SQL 语句

    SELECT wt.blocking_session_id                  AS BlockingSessesionId
          ,sp.program_name                         AS ProgramName
          ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)   AS HostName    
          ,ec1.client_net_address                  AS ClientIpAddress
          ,db.name                                 AS DatabaseName        
          ,wt.wait_type                            AS WaitType                    
          ,ec1.connect_time                        AS BlockingStartTime
          ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                AS WaitDuration
          ,ec1.session_id                          AS BlockedSessionId
          ,h1.TEXT                                 AS BlockedSQLText
          ,h2.TEXT                                 AS BlockingSQLText
    FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl
    INNER JOIN sys.databases db
      ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt
      ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1
      ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2
      ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id
    LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp
      ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id
    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1
    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2

    我们做一个测试例子来验证一下

    1:打开第一会话窗口1,执行下面语句

    USE DBMonitor;
     
    GO
     
    BEGIN TRANSACTION
     
    SELECT * FROM dbo.TEST(TABLOCKX);
     
    --COMMIT TRANSACTION;
     

    2:打开第二个会话窗口2,执行下面语句

    USE DBMonitor;
    GO
    SELECT * FROM dbo.TEST

    3:打开第三个会话窗口3,执行下面语句

    SELECT wt.blocking_session_id                  AS BlockingSessesionId
          ,sp.program_name                         AS ProgramName
          ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)   AS HostName    
          ,ec1.client_net_address                  AS ClientIpAddress
          ,db.name                                 AS DatabaseName        
          ,wt.wait_type                            AS WaitType                    
          ,ec1.connect_time                        AS BlockingStartTime
          ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                AS WaitDuration
          ,ec1.session_id                          AS BlockedSessionId
          ,h1.TEXT                                 AS BlockedSQLText
          ,h2.TEXT                                 AS BlockingSQLText
    FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl
    INNER JOIN sys.databases db
      ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt
      ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1
      ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id
    INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2
      ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id
    LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp
      ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id
    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1
    CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2

    如下图所,我们可以看到阻塞其它会话以及被阻塞会话的信息,如下所示

    image

    现在上面SQL已经基本实现了查看阻塞具体信息的功能,但是现在又有几个问题:

              1:上面SQL脚本只适合已经出现阻塞情况下查看阻塞信息,如果没有出现阻塞情况,我总不能傻傻的一直在哪里点击执行吧,因为阻塞这种情况有可能在那段时间都不会出现,只会在特定的时间段出现。

              2:我想了解一段时间内数据库出现的阻塞情况,那么需要将阻塞信息保留下来。

             3:有时候忙不过来,我想将这些具体阻塞信息发送给相关开发人员,让他们了解具体情况。

    于是我想通过一个存储过程来实现这方面功能,通过设置参数@OutType,默认为输出阻塞会话信息,当参数为"Table" 时,将阻塞信息写入数据库表,如果参数为 "Email"表示将阻塞信息通过邮件发送开发人员。

    正好这段时间,我在YourSQLDba上扩展一些功能,于是我将这个存储过程放置在YouSQLDba数据库中。

    USE [YourSQLDba]
    GO
     
    IF NOT EXISTS(SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id=OBJECT_ID(N'[Maint].[BlockingSQLHistory]') AND type='U')
    BEGIN
    CREATE TABLE Maint.BlockingSQLHistory
    (               
                    RecordTime                        DATETIME           ,
                    DatabaseName                      SYSNAME            ,
                    BlockingSessesionId               SMALLINT           ,
                    ProgramName                       NCHAR(128)         ,
                    UserName                          NCHAR(256)         ,
                    ClientIpAddress                   VARCHAR(48)        ,
                    WaitType                          NCHAR(60)          ,
                    BlockingStartTime                 DATETIME           ,
                    WaitDuration                      BIGINT             ,
                    BlockedSessionId                  INT                ,        
                    BlockedSQLText                    NVARCHAR(MAX)      ,
                    BlockingSQLText                   NVARCHAR(MAX)      ,
                    CONSTRAINT PK_BlockingSQLHistory  PRIMARY KEY(RecordTime)
    )
     
    END
    GO

    存储过程如下所示:

    USE [YourSQLDba]
    GO
     
    IF  EXISTS (SELECT * FROM sys.objects WHERE object_id = OBJECT_ID(N'[Maint].[sp_who_blocking]') AND type in (N'P', N'PC'))
    DROP PROCEDURE [Maint].[sp_who_blocking]
    GO
     
     
     
     
     
    SET ANSI_NULLS ON
    GO
     
    SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
    GO
     
     
     
    --==================================================================================================================
    --        ProcedureName         :            [Maint].[sp_who_blocking]
    --        Author                :            Kerry    http://www.cnblogs.com/kerrycode/
    --        CreateDate            :            2014-04-23
    --        Description           :            监控数据库阻塞情况,显示阻塞会话信息或收集阻塞会话信息或发送告警邮件
    /******************************************************************************************************************
            Parameters                   :                                    参数说明
    ********************************************************************************************************************
                @OutType         :            默认为输出阻塞会话信息,"Table", "Email"分别表示将阻塞信息写入表或邮件发送
                @EmailSubject    :            邮件主题.默认为Sql Blocking Alert,一般指定,例如“ServerName Sql Blocking Alert"
                @ProfileName     :            @profile_name 默认值为YourSQLDba_EmailProfile
                @RecipientsLst   :            收件人列表
    ********************************************************************************************************************
       Modified Date    Modified User     Version                 Modified Reason
    ********************************************************************************************************************
        2014-04-23             Kerry         V01.00.00         新建存储过程[Maint].[sp_who_blocking]
    
    
    *******************************************************************************************************************/
    --==================================================================================================================
    CREATE PROCEDURE [Maint].[sp_who_blocking]
    (
            @OutType    
                VARCHAR(8) ='Default'                  ,
            @EmailSubject         
                VARCHAR(120)='Sql Blocking Alert'      ,
            @ProfileName         
                sysname='YourSQLDba_EmailProfile'      ,
            @RecipientsLst 
                 VARCHAR(MAX) = NULL
    )
    AS
    BEGIN
     
    SET NOCOUNT ON;
     
    DECLARE @HtmlContent  NVARCHAR(MAX) ;
     
        IF @OutType NOT IN ('Default', 'Table','Email')
        BEGIN
            PRINT 'The parameter @OutType is not correct,please check it';
            
            return;
        END
     
        IF @OutType ='Default'
            BEGIN
            
                  SELECT db.name                                 AS DatabaseName    
                        ,wt.blocking_session_id                  AS BlockingSessesionId
                        ,sp.program_name                         AS ProgramName
                        ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)   AS UserName    
                        ,ec1.client_net_address                  AS ClientIpAddress    
                        ,wt.wait_type                            AS WaitType                    
                        ,ec1.connect_time                        AS BlockingStartTime
                        ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                AS WaitDuration
                        ,ec1.session_id                          AS BlockedSessionId
                        ,h1.TEXT                                 AS BlockedSQLText
                        ,h2.TEXT                                 AS BlockingSQLText
                  FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl
                  INNER JOIN sys.databases db
                    ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id
                  INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt
                    ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address
                  INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1
                    ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id
                  INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2
                    ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id
                  LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp
                    ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id
                  CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1
                  CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2;
             END
         ELSE IF @OutType='Table'
            BEGIN
         
                  INSERT INTO [Maint].[BlockingSQLHistory]
                  SELECT GETDATE()                               AS RecordTime
                        ,db.name                                 AS DatabaseName    
                        ,wt.blocking_session_id                  AS BlockingSessesionId
                        ,sp.program_name                         AS ProgramName
                        ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)   AS UserName    
                        ,ec1.client_net_address                  AS ClientIpAddress
                        ,wt.wait_type                            AS WaitType                    
                        ,ec1.connect_time                        AS BlockingStartTime
                        ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                AS WaitDuration
                        ,ec1.session_id                          AS BlockedSessionId
                        ,h1.TEXT                                 AS BlockedSQLText
                        ,h2.TEXT                                 AS BlockingSQLText
                  FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl
                  INNER JOIN sys.databases db
                    ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id
                  INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt
                    ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address
                  INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1
                    ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id
                  INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2
                    ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id
                  LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp
                    ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id
                  CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1
                  CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2;
             END
          ELSE IF @OutType='Email'
             BEGIN
     
                SET @HtmlContent =
                   N'<head>' 
                 + N'<style type="text/css">h2, body {font-family: Arial, verdana;} table{font-size:11px; border-collapse:collapse;} td{background-color:#F1F1F1; border:1px solid black; padding:3px;} th{background-color:#99CCFF;}</style>'
                 + N'<table border="1">' 
                 + N'<tr>
                     <th>DatabaseName</th>
                     <th>BlockingSessesionId</th>
                     <th>ProgramName</th>
                     <th>UserName</th>
                     <th>ClientIpAddress</th>
                     <th>WaitType</th>
                     <th>BlockingStartTime</th>
                     <th>WaitDuration</th>
                     <th>BlockedSessionId</th> 
                     <th>BlockedSQLText</th>
                     <th>BlockingSQLText</th>
                    </tr>' +
                 CAST ( 
                        (SELECT db.name                                  AS TD, ''
                               ,wt.blocking_session_id                   AS TD, ''
                               ,sp.program_name                          AS TD, ''
                               ,COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)    AS TD, ''
                               ,ec1.client_net_address                   AS TD, ''
                               ,wt.wait_type                             AS TD, ''            
                               ,ec1.connect_time                         AS TD, ''
                               ,wt.WAIT_DURATION_MS/1000                 AS TD, ''
                               ,ec1.session_id                           AS TD, ''
                               ,h1.TEXT                                  AS TD, ''
                               ,h2.TEXT                                  AS TD, ''
     
                        FROM sys.dm_tran_locks AS tl
                        INNER JOIN sys.databases db 
                                ON db.database_id = tl.resource_database_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.dm_os_waiting_tasks AS wt  
                                ON tl.lock_owner_address = wt.resource_address
                        INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec1 
                                ON ec1.session_id = tl.request_session_id
                        INNER JOIN sys.dm_exec_connections ec2 
                                ON ec2.session_id = wt.blocking_session_id
                        LEFT OUTER JOIN master.dbo.sysprocesses sp
                                ON SP.spid = wt.blocking_session_id
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec1.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h1
                        CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(ec2.most_recent_sql_handle) AS h2
                    
                   FOR XML PATH('tr'), TYPE 
                    ) AS NVARCHAR(MAX) ) +
                    N'</table>'
     
     
                    IF @HtmlContent  IS NOT NULL
                     
                    BEGIN
     
                        EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_send_dbmail     
                                @profile_name = @ProfileName    ,     
                                @recipients   = @RecipientsLst    ,     
                                @subject      = @EmailSubject    ,     
                                @body         = @HtmlContent    ,   
                                @body_format  = 'HTML' ; 
     
                    END
            END
     
    END
    GO

    最后在数据库新建一个作业,调用该存储过程,然后在某段时间启用作业监控数据库的阻塞情况,作业的执行频率是个比较难以定夺的头痛问题,具体要根据系统情况来决定,我习惯2分钟执行一次。

    最后,这个脚本还有一个问题,如果阻塞或被阻塞的SQL语句是某个存储过程里面的一段脚本,显示的SQL是 整个存储过程,而不是正在执行的SQL语句,目前还没有想到好的方法解决这个问题。我目前手工去查看阻塞情况,如果非要查看存储过程里面被阻塞的正在执行 的SQL,一般结合下面SQL语句查看(输入阻塞或被阻塞会话ID替代@sessionid)

    SELECT   [Spid] = er.session_id 
            ,[ecid] 
            ,[Database] = DB_NAME(sp.dbid) 
            ,[Start_Time]
            ,[SessionRunTime]    = datediff(SECOND, start_time,getdate())    
            ,[SqlRunTime]=     RIGHT(convert(varchar, 
                                     dateadd(ms, datediff(ms, sp.last_batch, getdate()), '1900-01-01'), 
                                121), 12)  
            ,[HostName]  
            ,[Users]=COALESCE(sp.LOGINAME, sp.nt_username)
            ,[Status] = er.status 
            ,[WaitType] = er.wait_type 
            ,[Waitime] = er.wait_time/1000   
            ,[Individual Query] = SUBSTRING(qt.text, er.statement_start_offset / 2,
                                           ( CASE WHEN er.statement_end_offset = -1
                                                  THEN LEN(CONVERT(NVARCHAR(MAX), qt.text))
                                                       * 2
                                                  ELSE er.statement_end_offset
                                             END - er.statement_start_offset ) / 2) 
            ,[Parent Query] = qt.text 
            ,[PROGRAM_NAME] = program_name 
    FROM    sys.dm_exec_requests er
            INNER JOIN sys.sysprocesses sp ON er.session_id = sp.spid
            CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(er.sql_handle) AS qt
    WHERE   session_Id = @sessionid;
    作者:潇湘隐者

    本文版权归作者所有,欢迎转载,但未经作者同意必须保留此段声明,且在文章页面明显位置给出原文连接.
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xingvskong11/p/4238900.html
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