JUnit4---Hamcrest匹配器常用方法总结

JUnit4---Hamcrest匹配器常用方法总结

neven7 2015-01-07 16:49:20  5323  收藏 5

分类专栏： junit

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一.Hamcrest是什么？

Hamcrest is a library of matchers, which can be combined in to create flexible expressions of intent in tests.

Hamcrest 是一个为了测试为目的，且能组合成灵活表达式的匹配器类库。

二.Hamcrest jar包

• hamcrest-core.jar -- This is the core API to be used by third-party framework providers. This includes the a foundation set of matcher implementations for common operations. This API is stable and will rarely change. You will need this library as a minimum.
• hamcrest-library.jar -- The ever-growing library of Matcher implementations. This will grow between releases.
• hamcrest-generator.jar -- A tool to allow many Matcher implementations to be combined into a single class so users don't have to remember many classes/packages to import. Generates code.
• hamcrest-integration.jar -- Provides integration between Hamcrest and other testing tools, including JUnit (3 and 4), TestNG, jMock and EasyMock.

Alternatively, if you don't care:

• hamcrest-all.jar -- Includes all of the above.

三.常用方法介绍

一般，在项目中导入hamcrest-core.jar， hamcrest-library.jar就能满足使用。

Eclipse新建一个JUnit test case； 测试类导入

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;

测试方法如下：

1.  
   @Test
2.  
   public void testHamcrestMatchers() {
3.  
   // 核心匹配
4.  
   // allOf: 所有条件都必须满足，相当于&&
5.  
   assertThat("myname", allOf(startsWith("my"), containsString("name")));
6.  
   // anyOf: 其中一个满足就通过， 相当于||
7.  
   assertThat("myname", anyOf(startsWith("na"), containsString("name")));
8.  
   // both: &&
9.  
   assertThat("myname", both(containsString("my")).and(containsString("me")));
10.  
    // either: 两者之一
11.  
    assertThat("myname", either(containsString("my")).or(containsString("you")));
12.  
    // everyItem: 每个元素都需满足特定条件
13.  
    assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine"), everyItem(startsWith("m")));
14.  
    // hasItem: 是否有这个元素
15.  
    assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine"), hasItem("my"));
16.  
    // hasItems: 包含多个元素
17.  
    assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine", "your"), hasItems("your", "my"));
18.  
    // is: is(equalTo(x))或is(instanceOf(clazz.class))的简写
19.  
    assertThat("myname", is("myname"));
20.  
    assertThat("mynmae", is(String.class));
21.  
    // anything(): 任何情况下，都匹配正确
22.  
    assertThat("myname", anything());
23.  
    // not: 否为真，相当于！
24.  
    assertThat("myname", is(not("you")));
25.  
    // nullValue(): 值为空
26.  
    String str = null;
27.  
    assertThat(str, is(nullValue()));
28.  
    // notNullValue(): 值不为空
29.  
    String str2 = "123";
30.  
    assertThat(str2, is(notNullValue()));
31.  
     
32.  
     
33.  
    // 字符串匹配
34.  
    // containsString：包含字符串
35.  
    assertThat("myname", containsString("na"));
36.  
    // stringContainsInOrder: 顺序包含，“my”必须在“me”前面
37.  
    assertThat("myname", stringContainsInOrder(Arrays.asList("my", "me")));
38.  
    // endsWith: 后缀
39.  
    assertThat("myname", endsWith("me"));
40.  
    // startsWith: 前缀
41.  
    assertThat("myname", startsWith("my"));
42.  
    // isEmptyString(): 空字符串
43.  
    assertThat("", isEmptyString());
44.  
    // equalTo: 值相等， Object.equals(Object)
45.  
    assertThat("myname", equalTo("myname"));
46.  
    assertThat(new String[] {"a", "b"}, equalTo(new String[] {"a", "b"}));
47.  
    // equalToIgnoringCase: 比较时，忽略大小写
48.  
    assertThat("myname", equalToIgnoringCase("MYNAME"));
49.  
    // equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace: 比较时， 首尾空格忽略， 比较时中间用单个空格
50.  
    assertThat(" my name ", equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(" my name "));
51.  
    // isOneOf: 是否为其中之一
52.  
    assertThat("myname", isOneOf("myname", "yourname"));
53.  
    // isIn: 是否为其成员
54.  
    assertThat("myname", isIn(new String[]{"myname", "yourname"}));
55.  
    // toString() 返回值校验
56.  
    assertThat(333, hasToString(equalTo("333")));
57.  
     
58.  
     
59.  
    // 数值匹配
60.  
    // closeTo: [operand-error, operand+error], Double或BigDecimal类型
61.  
    assertThat(3.14, closeTo(3, 0.5));
62.  
    assertThat(new BigDecimal("3.14"), is(closeTo(new BigDecimal("3"), new BigDecimal("0.5"))));
63.  
    // comparesEqualTo: compareTo比较值
64.  
    assertThat(2, comparesEqualTo(2));
65.  
    // greaterThan： 大于
66.  
    assertThat(2, greaterThan(0));
67.  
    // greaterThanOrEqualTo: 大于等于
68.  
    assertThat(2, greaterThanOrEqualTo(2));
69.  
    // lessThan: 小于
70.  
    assertThat(0, lessThan(2));
71.  
    // lessThanOrEqualTo: 小于等于
72.  
    assertThat(0, lessThanOrEqualTo(0));
73.  
     
74.  
     
75.  
     
76.  
    // 集合匹配
77.  
    // array: 数组长度相等且对应元素也相等
78.  
    assertThat(new Integer[]{1, 2, 3}, is(array(equalTo(1), equalTo(2), equalTo(3))));
79.  
    // hasItemInArray: 数组是否包含特定元素
80.  
    assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, hasItemInArray(startsWith("y")));
81.  
    // arrayContainingInAnyOrder， 顺序无关，长度要一致
82.  
    assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, arrayContainingInAnyOrder("you", "my"));
83.  
    // arrayContaining: 顺序，长度一致
84.  
    assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, arrayContaining("my", "you"));
85.  
    // arrayWithSize: 数组长度
86.  
    assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, arrayWithSize(2));
87.  
    // emptyArray: 空数组
88.  
    assertThat(new String[0], emptyArray());
89.  
    // hasSize: 集合大小
90.  
    assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "you"), hasSize(equalTo(2)));
91.  
    // empty: 空集合
92.  
    assertThat(new ArrayList<String>(), is(empty()));
93.  
    // isIn: 是否为集合成员
94.  
    assertThat("myname", isIn(Arrays.asList("myname", "yourname")));
95.  
    // Map匹配
96.  
    Map<String, String> myMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
97.  
    myMap.put("name", "john");
98.  
    // hasEntry: key && value匹配
99.  
    assertThat(myMap, hasEntry("name", "john"));
100.  
     // hasKey: key匹配
101.  
     assertThat(myMap, hasKey(equalTo("name")));
102.  
     // hasValue: value匹配
103.  
     assertThat(myMap, hasValue(equalTo("john")));
104.  
     }