Docker 三剑客之 Docker Compose

Docker Compose 项目是 Docker 官方的开源项目，负责实现对 Docker 容器集群的快速编排，开源地址：https://github.com/docker/compose

Docker Compose 中的两个重要概念：

• 服务 (service)：一个应用容器，实际上可以运行多个相同镜像的实例。
• 项目 (project)：由一组关联的应用容器组成的一个完整业务单元。

一个项目可以由多个服务关联（容器）而成，并使用docker-compose.yml进行管理。

安装命令：

$ curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.17.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

这种方式安装巨慢无比，我们可以使用 PIP 安装，如果没有 PIP 环境，需要手动安装下：

$ apt-get update
$ apt-get -y install python-pip

或

$ curl "https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py" -o "get-pip.py"
$ python get-pip.py

$ pip --help
$ pip -V

PIP 安装命令：

$ sudo pip install -U docker-compose

PIP 安装之后，执行 Docker Compose 命令的时候，会出现下面错误：

$ docker-compose up
Cannot open self /usr/local/bin/docker-compose or archive /usr/local/bin/docker-compose.pkg

解决方式，从官方源中手动下载安装包，然后移动到制定目录赋予权限，命令如下：

$ cp -i docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin
$ mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 docker-compose
$ chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

安装好之后，我们就可以使用 Docker Compose 进行容器编排了，我们就拿之前做的 HelloDocker.Sample 项目做为示例。

我们在HelloDocker.Sample.Web项目目录下，创建docker-compose.yml配置文件，示例：

consul:
  command: agent -bind=10.9.10.89 -client=0.0.0.0 -node=vagrant-ubuntu-xishuai -retry-join=10.9.2.236
  image: consul:latest
  ports:
    - 8300:8300
    - 8400:8400
    - 8500:8500
    - 8600:53/udp
  net: host
fabio:
  image: magiconair/fabio:latest
  ports:
    - 9999:9999
    - 9998:9998
  net: host
  volumes:
    - /etc/fabio/fabio.properties:/etc/fabio/fabio.properties
  environment:
  - SERVICE_9998_TAGS=urlprefix-/fabio
hello-docker:
  ports:
    - 54917:54917
  build: .
  net: host

其实看配置就明了了，一个项目中包含三个服务（consul, fabio和hell-docker容器），Docker Compose 对这三个服务进行编排部署，我们执行docker-compose up命令，启动项目：

$ docker-compose up -d
Creating hellodockerweb_fabio_1 ... 
Creating hellodockerweb_hello-docker_1 ... 
Creating hellodockerweb_consul_1 ... 
Creating hellodockerweb_fabio_1
Creating hellodockerweb_hello-docker_1
Creating hellodockerweb_consul_1 ... done

我们可以执行docker-compose ps， 查看运行的服务（容器）：

$ docker-compose ps
            Name                           Command               State   Ports
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
hellodockerweb_consul_1         docker-entrypoint.sh agent ...   Up           
hellodockerweb_fabio_1          /fabio -cfg /etc/fabio/fab ...   Up           
hellodockerweb_hello-docker_1   dotnet HelloDocker.Web.dll       Up  

或者执行docker-compose logs，查看日志：

docker-compose logs
Attaching to hellodockerweb_consul_1, hellodockerweb_hello-docker_1, hellodockerweb_fabio_1
consul_1        | ==> Starting Consul agent...
consul_1        | ==> Consul agent running!
consul_1        |            Version: 'v1.0.0'
consul_1        |            Node ID: '521358bc-efc0-1a69-4a58-a9bfc8a9b09c'
consul_1        |          Node name: 'vagrant-ubuntu-xishuai'
consul_1        |         Datacenter: 'dc1' (Segment: '')
consul_1        |             Server: false (Bootstrap: false)
consul_1        |        Client Addr: [0.0.0.0] (HTTP: 8500, HTTPS: -1, DNS: 8600)
consul_1        |       Cluster Addr: 10.9.10.89 (LAN: 8301, WAN: 8302)
consul_1        |            Encrypt: Gossip: false, TLS-Outgoing: false, TLS-Incoming: false
consul_1        | 
consul_1        | ==> Log data will now stream in as it occurs:
consul_1        | 
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: vagrant-ubuntu-xishuai 10.9.10.89
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 0.0.0.0:8600 (tcp)
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Started DNS server 0.0.0.0:8600 (udp)
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Started HTTP server on [::]:8500 (tcp)
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Retry join LAN is supported for: aws azure gce softlayer
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Joining LAN cluster...
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: (LAN) joining: [10.9.2.236]
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [WARN] manager: No servers available
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [ERR] agent: failed to sync remote state: No known Consul servers
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: agent_1 10.9.2.236
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] serf: EventMemberJoin: windows64-xishuai 10.9.10.187
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: (LAN) joined: 1 Err: <nil>
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] agent: Join LAN completed. Synced with 1 initial agents
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: adding server agent_1 (Addr: tcp/10.9.2.236:8300) (DC: dc1)
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] agent: Synced service 'fabio-vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-9998'
hello-docker_1  | warn: Microsoft.AspNetCore.DataProtection.KeyManagement.XmlKeyManager[35]
hello-docker_1  |       No XML encryptor configured. Key {3d8c2a18-ed43-4df9-980f-8573175ebecf} may be persisted to storage in unencrypted form.
hello-docker_1  | Hosting environment: Production
hello-docker_1  | Content root path: /app
hello-docker_1  | Now listening on: http://[::]:54917
hello-docker_1  | Application started. Press Ctrl+C to shut down.
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Setting log level to INFO
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Runtime config
fabio_1         | {
fabio_1         |     "Proxy": {
fabio_1         |         "Strategy": "rnd",
fabio_1         |         "Matcher": "prefix",
fabio_1         |         "NoRouteStatus": 404,
fabio_1         |         "MaxConn": 10000,
fabio_1         |         "ShutdownWait": 0,
fabio_1         |         "DialTimeout": 30000000000,
fabio_1         |         "ResponseHeaderTimeout": 0,
fabio_1         |         "KeepAliveTimeout": 0,
fabio_1         |         "FlushInterval": 1000000000,
fabio_1         |         "LocalIP": "10.0.2.15",
fabio_1         |         "ClientIPHeader": "",
fabio_1         |         "TLSHeader": "",
fabio_1         |         "TLSHeaderValue": "",
fabio_1         |         "GZIPContentTypes": null,
fabio_1         |         "RequestID": ""
fabio_1         |     },
fabio_1         |     "Registry": {
fabio_1         |         "Backend": "consul",
fabio_1         |         "Static": {
fabio_1         |             "Routes": ""
fabio_1         |         },
fabio_1         |         "File": {
fabio_1         |             "Path": ""
fabio_1         |         },
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:34 [WARN] agent: check 'service:8a600176-4c58-4edc-95af-71fc27345954' has deregister interval below minimum of 1m0s
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] agent: Synced service '8a600176-4c58-4edc-95af-71fc27345954'
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] agent: Synced service 'fabio-vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-9998'
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:35 [INFO] agent: Synced check 'service:fabio-vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-9998'
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:40 [INFO] agent: Synced check 'service:8a600176-4c58-4edc-95af-71fc27345954'
consul_1        | ==> Newer Consul version available: 1.0.1 (currently running: 1.0.0)
consul_1        |     2017/11/21 04:41:57 [WARN] memberlist: Refuting a suspect message (from: agent_1)
fabio_1         |         "Consul": {
fabio_1         |             "Addr": "10.9.10.89:8500",
fabio_1         |             "Scheme": "http",
fabio_1         |             "Token": "",
fabio_1         |             "KVPath": "/fabio/config",
fabio_1         |             "TagPrefix": "urlprefix-",
fabio_1         |             "Register": true,
fabio_1         |             "ServiceAddr": "10.9.10.89:9998",
fabio_1         |             "ServiceName": "fabio",
fabio_1         |             "ServiceTags": null,
fabio_1         |             "ServiceStatus": [
fabio_1         |                 "passing"
fabio_1         |             ],
fabio_1         |             "CheckInterval": 1000000000,
fabio_1         |             "CheckTimeout": 3000000000,
fabio_1         |             "CheckScheme": "http",
fabio_1         |             "CheckTLSSkipVerify": false
fabio_1         |         },
fabio_1         |         "Timeout": 10000000000,
fabio_1         |         "Retry": 500000000
fabio_1         |     },
fabio_1         |     "Listen": [
fabio_1         |         {
fabio_1         |             "Addr": ":9999",
fabio_1         |             "Proto": "http",
fabio_1         |             "ReadTimeout": 0,
fabio_1         |             "WriteTimeout": 0,
fabio_1         |             "CertSource": {
fabio_1         |                 "Name": "",
fabio_1         |                 "Type": "",
fabio_1         |                 "CertPath": "",
fabio_1         |                 "KeyPath": "",
fabio_1         |                 "ClientCAPath": "",
fabio_1         |                 "CAUpgradeCN": "",
fabio_1         |                 "Refresh": 0,
fabio_1         |                 "Header": null
fabio_1         |             },
fabio_1         |             "StrictMatch": false,
fabio_1         |             "TLSMinVersion": 0,
fabio_1         |             "TLSMaxVersion": 0,
fabio_1         |             "TLSCiphers": null
fabio_1         |         }
fabio_1         |     ],
fabio_1         |     "Log": {
fabio_1         |         "AccessFormat": "common",
fabio_1         |         "AccessTarget": "",
fabio_1         |         "RoutesFormat": "delta",
fabio_1         |         "Level": "INFO"
fabio_1         |     },
fabio_1         |     "Metrics": {
fabio_1         |         "Target": "",
fabio_1         |         "Prefix": "{{clean .Hostname}}.{{clean .Exec}}",
fabio_1         |         "Names": "{{clean .Service}}.{{clean .Host}}.{{clean .Path}}.{{clean .TargetURL.Host}}",
fabio_1         |         "Interval": 30000000000,
fabio_1         |         "Timeout": 10000000000,
fabio_1         |         "Retry": 500000000,
fabio_1         |         "GraphiteAddr": "",
fabio_1         |         "StatsDAddr": "",
fabio_1         |         "Circonus": {
fabio_1         |             "APIKey": "",
fabio_1         |             "APIApp": "fabio",
fabio_1         |             "APIURL": "",
fabio_1         |             "CheckID": "",
fabio_1         |             "BrokerID": ""
fabio_1         |         }
fabio_1         |     },
fabio_1         |     "UI": {
fabio_1         |         "Listen": {
fabio_1         |             "Addr": ":9998",
fabio_1         |             "Proto": "http",
fabio_1         |             "ReadTimeout": 0,
fabio_1         |             "WriteTimeout": 0,
fabio_1         |             "CertSource": {
fabio_1         |                 "Name": "",
fabio_1         |                 "Type": "",
fabio_1         |                 "CertPath": "",
fabio_1         |                 "KeyPath": "",
fabio_1         |                 "ClientCAPath": "",
fabio_1         |                 "CAUpgradeCN": "",
fabio_1         |                 "Refresh": 0,
fabio_1         |                 "Header": null
fabio_1         |             },
fabio_1         |             "StrictMatch": false,
fabio_1         |             "TLSMinVersion": 0,
fabio_1         |             "TLSMaxVersion": 0,
fabio_1         |             "TLSCiphers": null
fabio_1         |         },
fabio_1         |         "Color": "light-green",
fabio_1         |         "Title": "",
fabio_1         |         "Access": "rw"
fabio_1         |     },
fabio_1         |     "Runtime": {
fabio_1         |         "GOGC": 800,
fabio_1         |         "GOMAXPROCS": 1
fabio_1         |     },
fabio_1         |     "ProfileMode": "",
fabio_1         |     "ProfilePath": "/tmp"
fabio_1         | }
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Version 1.5.3 starting
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Go runtime is go1.9.2
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Metrics disabled
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Setting GOGC=800
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Setting GOMAXPROCS=1
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [WARN] Error initializing backend. Get http://10.9.10.89:8500/v1/agent/self: dial tcp 10.9.10.89:8500: getsockopt: connection refused
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: Connecting to "10.9.10.89:8500" in datacenter "dc1"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Admin server access mode "rw"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Admin server listening on ":9998"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] Waiting for first routing table
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: Using dynamic routes
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: Using tag prefix "urlprefix-"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:25 [INFO] consul: Watching KV path "/fabio/config"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Manual config changed to #3821244
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] HTTP proxy listening on :9999
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] Access logging disabled
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] Using routing strategy "rnd"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] Using route matching "prefix"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Health changed to #3821756
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Registered fabio with id "fabio-vagrant-ubuntu-trusty-9998"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Registered fabio with address "10.9.10.89"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Registered fabio with tags ""
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:34 [INFO] consul: Registered fabio with health check to "http://[10.9.10.89]:9998/health"
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:35 [INFO] Config updates
fabio_1         | + route add test /test http://10.9.2.236:23421/
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:35 [INFO] consul: Health changed to #3821762
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:40 [INFO] consul: Health changed to #3821765
fabio_1         | 2017/11/21 04:41:42 [INFO] Config updates
fabio_1         | + hello-docker /hello-docker http://10.9.10.89:54917/
fabio_1         | + route add

我们可以查看 Consul UI 中的服务是否运行正常：

或者查看 Fabio UI 中的服务是否存在（通过健康检查后会出现）：

YAML 配置命令

配置	说明
build	指定 Dockerfile 所在的目录地址，用于构建镜像，并使用此镜像创建容器，比如上面配置的build: .
command	容器的执行命令
dns	自定义 dns 服务器
expose	暴露端口配置，但不映射到宿主机，只被连接的服务访问
extends	对docker-compose.yml的扩展，配置在服务中
image	使用的镜像名称或镜像 ID
links	链接到其它服务中的容器（一般桥接网络模式使用）
net	设置容器的网络模式（四种：bridge, none, container:[name or id]和host）
ports	暴露端口信息，主机和容器的端口映射
volumes	数据卷所挂载路径设置

Docker Compose 常用命令

命令	说明
docker-compose build	构建项目中的镜像，--force-rm：删除构建过程中的临时容器；--no-cache：不使用缓存构建；--pull：获取最新版本的镜像
docker-compose up -d	构建镜像、创建服务和启动项目，-d表示后台运行
docker-compose run ubuntu ls -d	指定服务上运行一个命令，-d表示后台运行
docker-compose logs	查看服务容器输出日志
docker-compose ps	列出项目中所有的容器
docker-compose pause [service_name]	暂停一个服务容器
docker-compose unpause [service_name]	恢复已暂停的一个服务容器
docker-compose restart	重启项目中的所有服务容器（也可以指定具体的服务）
docker-compose stop	停止运行项目中的所有服务容器（也可以指定具体的服务）
docker-compose start	启动已经停止项目中的所有服务容器（也可以指定具体的服务）
docker-compose rm	删除项目中的所有服务容器（也可以指定具体的服务），-f：强制删除（包含运行的）
docker-compose kill	强制停止项目中的所有服务容器（也可以指定具体的服务）

参考资料：

• Docker & ASP.NET Core 2.0 微服务跨平台实践
• Docker Compose
• Docker Compose—简化复杂应用的利器
• 使用 Docker Compose 管理多个容器
• https://github.com/CreatorDev/DeviceServer/blob/master/docker-compose.yml
• https://github.com/avthart/fabio-compose/blob/master/docker-compose.yml
• https://github.com/strarsis/consul-fabio-example/blob/master/docker-compose.yml
• https://github.com/DimensionDataResearch/fabio-registrator-demo/blob/master/docker-compose.yml
• https://github.com/strarsis/consul-fabio-example/blob/master/docker-compose.yml