说一个比较实用的方法，插入分节和设置页面第二页开始时就是用的这种方法：先新建一个docx文件，编辑好自己需要的格式，包括页眉页脚，分页分节等，然后保存，重命名成zip压缩文件，解压后就会发现很多xml文件，这就是word的底层，可以从相关xml里面查找相应的功能。
目前仍存在一个问题就是空格的下滑先不显示，具体解决后续添加
package poi; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.math.BigInteger; import java.util.List; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.model.XWPFHeaderFooterPolicy; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.ParagraphAlignment; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.TextAlignment; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.UnderlinePatterns; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFDocument; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFParagraph; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFRun; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTable; import org.apache.poi.xwpf.usermodel.XWPFTableCell; import org.apache.xmlbeans.impl.xb.xmlschema.SpaceAttribute; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTBorder; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTFldChar; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTFonts; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTJc; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTP; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTPPr; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTPageNumber; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTRPr; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTSectPr; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTShd; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTTbl; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTTblBorders; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTTblPr; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTTblWidth; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTTc; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTTcPr; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.CTText; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STBorder; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STFldCharType; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STHdrFtr; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STJc; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STMerge; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STShd; import org.openxmlformats.schemas.wordprocessingml.x2006.main.STTblWidth; public class WordDemo { //生成测试报告 public static boolean createnewword(){ XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument(); firstpage(doc); secondpage(doc); exchange(doc); export(doc); return true; } public static void main(String[] arg){ XWPFDocument doc = new XWPFDocument(); firstpage(doc); secondpage(doc); exchange(doc); export(doc); } /** * @Description: 得到XWPFRun的CTRPr */ public static CTRPr getRunCTRPr(XWPFParagraph p, XWPFRun pRun) { CTRPr pRpr = null; if (pRun.getCTR() != null) { pRpr = pRun.getCTR().getRPr(); if (pRpr == null) { pRpr = pRun.getCTR().addNewRPr(); } } else { pRpr = p.getCTP().addNewR().addNewRPr(); } return pRpr; } //页眉 public static void simpleDateHeader(XWPFDocument document) throws Exception { CTSectPr sectPr = document.getDocument().getBody().addNewSectPr(); CTPageNumber pageNum = sectPr.addNewPgNumType(); pageNum.setStart(BigInteger.ONE); CTP ctp = CTP.Factory.newInstance(); XWPFParagraph codePara = new XWPFParagraph(ctp, document); XWPFRun r1 = null; CTFldChar fldChar = null; CTRPr rpr =null; CTFonts fonts=null; CTText ctText =null; r1 = codePara.createRun(); setfont(r1,9,"宋体","编号: 第"); r1 = codePara.createRun(); fldChar = r1.getCTR().addNewFldChar(); fldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.Enum.forString("begin")); r1 = codePara.createRun(); ctText = r1.getCTR().addNewInstrText(); ctText.setStringValue("PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT"); ctText.setSpace(SpaceAttribute.Space.Enum.forString("preserve")); r1.setFontSize(9); rpr = r1.getCTR().isSetRPr() ? r1.getCTR().getRPr() : r1.getCTR().addNewRPr(); fonts = rpr.isSetRFonts() ? rpr.getRFonts() : rpr.addNewRFonts(); fonts.setAscii("宋体"); fonts.setEastAsia("宋体"); fonts.setHAnsi("宋体"); fldChar = r1.getCTR().addNewFldChar(); fldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.Enum.forString("end")); r1 = codePara.createRun(); setfont(r1,9,"宋体"," 页 共"); r1 = codePara.createRun(); fldChar = r1.getCTR().addNewFldChar(); fldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.Enum.forString("begin")); r1 = codePara.createRun(); ctText = r1.getCTR().addNewInstrText(); ctText.setStringValue("SECTIONPAGES \* MERGEFORMAT"); ctText.setSpace(SpaceAttribute.Space.Enum.forString("preserve")); r1.setFontSize(9); rpr = r1.getCTR().isSetRPr() ? r1.getCTR().getRPr() : r1.getCTR().addNewRPr(); fonts = rpr.isSetRFonts() ? rpr.getRFonts() : rpr.addNewRFonts(); fonts.setAscii("宋体"); fonts.setEastAsia("宋体"); fonts.setHAnsi("宋体"); fldChar = r1.getCTR().addNewFldChar(); fldChar.setFldCharType(STFldCharType.Enum.forString("end")); setfont(r1,9,"宋体"," 页"); codePara.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER); codePara.setVerticalAlignment(TextAlignment.CENTER); XWPFParagraph[] newparagraphs = new XWPFParagraph[1]; newparagraphs[0] = codePara; XWPFHeaderFooterPolicy headerFooterPolicy = new XWPFHeaderFooterPolicy(document, sectPr); headerFooterPolicy.createHeader(STHdrFtr.DEFAULT, newparagraphs); } //页脚 public static void simpleNumberFooter(XWPFDocument document) throws Exception { CTP ctp = CTP.Factory.newInstance(); XWPFParagraph codePara = new XWPFParagraph(ctp, document); codePara.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER); XWPFRun r1 = codePara.createRun(); setfont(r1,11,"宋体","这里是页脚"); XWPFParagraph[] newparagraphs = new XWPFParagraph[1]; newparagraphs[0] = codePara; CTSectPr sectPr = document.getDocument().getBody().addNewSectPr(); XWPFHeaderFooterPolicy headerFooterPolicy = new XWPFHeaderFooterPolicy(document, sectPr); headerFooterPolicy.createFooter(STHdrFtr.DEFAULT, newparagraphs); } public static CTPPr getParagraphCTPPr(XWPFParagraph p) { CTPPr pPPr = null; if (p.getCTP() != null) { if (p.getCTP().getPPr() != null) { pPPr = p.getCTP().getPPr(); } else { pPPr = p.getCTP().addNewPPr(); } } return pPPr; } //设置段落格式 public static void setpage(XWPFParagraph page,ParagraphAlignment align,int num,int Spacing){ page.setAlignment(align); if(Spacing==0){ page.setSpacingBeforeLines(50); page.setSpacingAfterLines(50); }else{ page.setSpacingBeforeLines(Spacing); page.setSpacingAfterLines(Spacing); } if(num!=-1){ page.setIndentationLeft(num); } CTPPr pPpr = null; pPpr = page.getCTP().getPPr(); if (pPpr == null) { pPpr = page.getCTP().addNewPPr(); } CTShd shd = pPpr.isSetShd() ? pPpr.getShd() : pPpr.addNewShd(); shd.setVal(STShd.Enum.forInt(100)); } public static void setfont(XWPFRun run,int font,String family,String text){ run.setFontSize(font); run.setFontFamily(family); run.setText(text); } //封面 public static void firstpage(XWPFDocument doc){ //头 XWPFParagraph page = doc.createParagraph(); XWPFRun run = page.createRun(); run.setBold(true); setfont(run,14,"宋体","编号："); //空行 page = doc.createParagraph(); page.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,36,"宋体",""); run.addBreak(); //名 run = page.createRun(); run.setBold(true); setfont(run,36,"宋体","报 告"); //空行 page = doc.createParagraph(); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,14,"宋体",""); run.addBreak();run.addBreak();run.addBreak();run.addBreak(); //单位 page = doc.createParagraph(); setpage(page,ParagraphAlignment.BOTH,2000,100); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,14,"宋体","单位："); run = page.createRun(); run.setUnderline(UnderlinePatterns.SINGLE); //类别 page = doc.createParagraph(); setpage(page,ParagraphAlignment.BOTH,2000,100); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,14,"宋体","报告："); run = page.createRun(); run.setUnderline(UnderlinePatterns.SINGLE); //空行 page = doc.createParagraph(); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,14,"宋体",""); run.addBreak(); run.addBreak(); //尾 page = doc.createParagraph(); setpage(page,ParagraphAlignment.BOTH,1800,100); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,14,"宋体","检测单位：XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"); page = doc.createParagraph(); setpage(page,ParagraphAlignment.BOTH,1800,100); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,14,"宋体","日期： 年 月 日"); page = doc.createParagraph(); if(page.getCTP().getPPr()==null){ page.getCTP().addNewPPr().addNewSectPr(); }else{ page.getCTP().getPPr().addNewSectPr(); } } //内容页 public static void secondpage(XWPFDocument doc){ XWPFParagraph page = null; XWPFRun run = null; try { simpleDateHeader(doc); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { simpleNumberFooter(doc); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } page = doc.createParagraph(); setpage(page,ParagraphAlignment.LEFT,0,0); run = page.createRun(); run.setBold(true); setfont(run,11,"宋体","标题"); run.addBreak(); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,11,"宋体","首行"); run.addBreak();run.addBreak(); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,11,"宋体","提示"); run.addBreak(); run = page.createRun(); run.setBold(true); run = page.createRun(); setfont(run,11,"宋体","XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX"); run.addBreak(); createTableCB(doc); page.setPageBreak(true); } //5列 public static void createTableCB(XWPFDocument doc){ XWPFTable tb = doc.createTable(5,2); settabcelCB(tb,0,"XXXXXXXX","XXXXXXXX"); settabcelCB(tb,1,"XXXXXXXX","XXXXXXXX"); settabcelCB(tb,2,"XXXXXXXX","XXXXXXXX"); settabcelCB(tb,3,"XXXXXXXX","XXXXXXXX"); settabcelCB(tb,4,"XXXXXXXX","XXXXXXXX"); } //2列 public static void settabcelCB(XWPFTable tb,int row,String text1,String text2){ XWPFParagraph p1 = tb.getRow(row).getCell(0).getParagraphs().get(0); p1.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER); XWPFRun r1 = p1.createRun(); setfont(r1,11,"宋体",text1); p1 = tb.getRow(row).getCell(1).getParagraphs().get(0); p1.setAlignment(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER); r1 = p1.createRun(); setfont(r1,11,"宋体",text2); } //横向合并单元格 public static void mergeCellsHorizontal(XWPFTable table, int row, int fromCell,int toCell){ for (int cellIndex = fromCell; cellIndex <= toCell; cellIndex++) { XWPFTableCell cell = table.getRow(row).getCell(cellIndex); if (cellIndex == fromCell) { getCellCTTcPr(cell).addNewHMerge().setVal(STMerge.RESTART); } else { getCellCTTcPr(cell).addNewHMerge().setVal(STMerge.CONTINUE); } } } //纵向合并单元格 public static void mergeCellsVertically(XWPFTable table, int col, int fromRow,int toRow) { for (int rowIndex = fromRow; rowIndex <= toRow; rowIndex++) { XWPFTableCell cell = table.getRow(rowIndex).getCell(col); if (rowIndex == fromRow) { getCellCTTcPr(cell).addNewVMerge().setVal(STMerge.RESTART); } else { getCellCTTcPr(cell).addNewVMerge().setVal(STMerge.CONTINUE); } } } public static CTTcPr getCellCTTcPr(XWPFTableCell cell) { CTTc cttc = cell.getCTTc(); CTTcPr tcPr = cttc.isSetTcPr() ? cttc.getTcPr() : cttc.addNewTcPr(); return tcPr; } //导出 public static void export(XWPFDocument doc){ //导出 FileOutputStream out = null; try { out = new FileOutputStream("F:/报告.docx"); doc.write(out); out.flush(); out.close(); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } //统一设置表格样式和宽度 public static void exchange(XWPFDocument doc){ List<XWPFTable> list = doc.getTables(); for (XWPFTable xwpfTable : list) { CTTblBorders border = CTTblBorders.Factory.newInstance(); CTBorder left = border.isSetLeft()?border.getLeft():CTBorder.Factory.newInstance(); left.setSz(BigInteger.ONE); CTBorder right = border.isSetRight()?border.getRight():CTBorder.Factory.newInstance(); right.setSz(BigInteger.ONE); CTBorder bottom = border.isSetBottom()?border.getBottom():CTBorder.Factory.newInstance(); bottom.setSz(BigInteger.ONE); CTBorder top = border.isSetTop()?border.getTop():CTBorder.Factory.newInstance(); top.setSz(BigInteger.ONE); //内部横线 CTBorder insideH = border.isSetInsideH()?border.getInsideH():CTBorder.Factory.newInstance(); insideH.setSz(BigInteger.ONE); //内部竖线 CTBorder insideV = border.isSetInsideV()?border.getInsideV():CTBorder.Factory.newInstance(); insideV.setSz(BigInteger.ONE); insideH.setVal(STBorder.Enum.forInt(STBorder.INT_PENCILS)); insideV.setVal(STBorder.Enum.forInt(STBorder.INT_PENCILS)); top.setVal(STBorder.Enum.forInt(STBorder.INT_PENCILS)); bottom.setVal(STBorder.Enum.forInt(STBorder.INT_PENCILS)); left.setVal(STBorder.Enum.forInt(STBorder.INT_NONE)); right.setVal(STBorder.Enum.forInt(STBorder.INT_NONE)); border.setLeft(left); border.setRight(right); border.setBottom(bottom); border.setTop(top); border.setInsideH(insideH); border.setInsideV(insideV); xwpfTable.getCTTbl().getTblPr().setTblBorders(border); //表格属性 CTTbl ttbl = xwpfTable.getCTTbl(); CTTblPr tablePr = ttbl.getTblPr() == null ? ttbl.addNewTblPr() : ttbl.getTblPr(); //表格宽度 CTTblWidth tblWidth = tablePr.isSetTblW()?tablePr.getTblW():tablePr.addNewTblW(); tblWidth.setW(BigInteger.valueOf(8500)); //设置表格宽度为非自动 tblWidth.setType(STTblWidth.DXA); CTJc jc = tablePr.isSetJc()?tablePr.getJc():tablePr.addNewJc(); jc.setVal(STJc.Enum.forInt(ParagraphAlignment.CENTER.getValue())); } } }