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  • 在单链表和双链表中删除倒数第k个结点

    题目:

    分别实现两个函数,一个可以删除单链表中倒数第K个节点,另一个可以删除双链表中倒数第K个节点。

    要求:

    如果链表长度为N,时间复杂度达到O(N),额外空间复杂度达到O(1)。

    解答:

    让链表从头走到尾,每移动一步,就让K值减一,

    示例:

    第一种情况:

    1

    链表走到结尾时,如果K值大于0,说明不用调整链表,因为链表根本没有倒数第K个节点,此时将原链表直接返回即可;

    第二种情况:

    2

    链表走到结尾时,如果K值等于0,说明链表倒数第K个节点就是头结点,此时直接返回head.next,相当于删除了头结点。

    第三种情况:(当链表走到结尾时,当K的值小于零时,)

    3

    K< 0 时的处理方法:

    11

    链表长度为N,要删除倒数第K个节点,那么倒数第K个节点的前一个结点就是第N-K个节点。在第一次遍历之后,K的值变为了K-N。第二次遍历时,K的值不断加1.加到0就停止遍历,所在的位置就是第N-K个节点的位置。

    public class Problem02_RemoveLastKthNode {
        
    //    单链表
        public static class Node {
            public int value;
            public Node next;
            
           public Node (int data){
            this.value = data;
           }
        }
        
    //    双链表
        public static class DoubleNode{
            public int value;
            public DoubleNode last;
            public DoubleNode next;
            
            public DoubleNode (int data) {
                this.value = data;
            }        
        }
        
    //    删除单链表中倒数第K个结点
        /* 1. 异常情况考虑:---- 链表为空,K值<1, 返回头结点
         * 2. 其他(链表非空,K值>0) 策略:从头结点开始往后k--
         *   2.1. 到达链表尾部时(cur = null), k>0, 则不存在K结点;
         *   2.2. 到达链表尾部时(cur = null), k=0, 则头结点head就是K结点;
         *   2.3. 到达链表尾部时(cur = null), k<0, 则需要找到删除K结点的前一个结点;
         *        详情:
         *         重新从头结点开始,每移动一步,就让K值加1;
         *         当k=0时,移动停止,移动到的结点就是要删除的结点的前一个结点 
         */
        public static Node removeLastKthNode(Node head, int lastKth){        
            if (head == null || lastKth < 1){
                return head;            
            }
            Node cur = head;
            while(cur != null) {
                lastKth--;
                cur = cur.next;            
            }
            if (lastKth == 0){
                head = head.next;
            }
            if (lastKth < 0){
                cur = head;
                while( ++lastKth != 0){
                    cur = cur.next;
                }
                cur.next = cur.next.next;
            }        
            return head;        
        }
        
    //    删除双链表中倒数第K个结点(同单链表,注意last指针的重连即可)
        public static DoubleNode removeLastKthNode(DoubleNode head, int lastKth){
            if (head == null || lastKth < 1){
                return head;
            }
            DoubleNode cur = head;
            while(cur != null){
                lastKth--;
                cur = cur.next;
            }
            if(lastKth == 0){
                head = head.next;
                head.last = null;
            }
            if (lastKth < 0){
                cur = head;
                while(++lastKth != 0){
                    cur = cur.next;            
                }
                DoubleNode newNext = cur.next.next;
                cur.next = newNext;
                if (newNext != null) {
                    newNext.last = cur;                
                }
            }
            return head;
        }
    
        // 打印链表值函数
        public static void printLinkedList(Node head) {
            System.out.println("Linked list: ");
            while(head != null){
                System.out.println(head.value + " ");
                head = head.next;
            }
            System.out.println();
            
        }
        
        public static void printDoubleLinkedList(DoubleNode head){
            System.out.println("DoubleLinked list: ");
            DoubleNode end = null;
            while (head != null) {
                System.out.println(head.value + " ");
                end = head;
                head= head.next;
            }
            System.out.println("**********");
            while(end != null) {
                System.out.println(end.value + " ");
                end = end.last;
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Node head1 = new Node(1);
            head1.next = new Node(2);
            head1.next.next = new Node(3);
            head1.next.next.next = new Node(4);
            head1.next.next.next.next = new Node(5);
            head1.next.next.next.next.next = new Node(6);
            printLinkedList(head1);
            head1 = removeLastKthNode(head1, 3);
            // head1 = removeLastKthNode(head1, 6);
            // head1 = removeLastKthNode(head1, 7);
            printLinkedList(head1);
    
            DoubleNode head2 = new DoubleNode(1);
            head2.next = new DoubleNode(2);
            head2.next.last = head2;
            head2.next.next = new DoubleNode(3);
            head2.next.next.last = head2.next;
            head2.next.next.next = new DoubleNode(4);
            head2.next.next.next.last = head2.next.next;
            head2.next.next.next.next = new DoubleNode(5);
            head2.next.next.next.next.last = head2.next.next.next;
            head2.next.next.next.next.next = new DoubleNode(6);
            head2.next.next.next.next.next.last = head2.next.next.next.next;
            printDoubleLinkedList(head2);
            head2 = removeLastKthNode(head2, 3);
            // head2 = removeLastKthNode(head2, 6);
            // head2 = removeLastKthNode(head2, 7);
            printDoubleLinkedList(head2);
        }
    
    }

    结果:

    Linked list: 
    1 
    2 
    3 
    4 
    5 
    6 
    
    Linked list: 
    1 
    2 
    3 
    5 
    6 
    
    DoubleLinked list: 
    1 
    2 
    3 
    4 
    5 
    6 
    **********
    6 
    5 
    4 
    3 
    2 
    1 
    
    DoubleLinked list: 
    1 
    2 
    3 
    5 
    6 
    **********
    6 
    5 
    3 
    2 
    1
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xiyuan2016/p/6860682.html
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