源：DataCamp
datacamp 的 DAILY PRACTICE + 日常收集。
List of lists
As a data scientist, you'll often be dealing with a lot of data, and it will make sense to group some of this data.
Instead of creating a flat list containing strings and floats, representing the names and areas of the rooms in your house, you can create a list of lists. The script on the right can already give you an idea.
Don't get confused here: "hallway" is a string, while hall is a variable that represents the float 11.25 you specified earlier.
# area variables (in square meters) hall = 11.25 kit = 18.0 liv = 20.0 bed = 10.75 bath = 9.50 # house information as list of lists house = [["hallway", hall], ["kitchen", kit], ["living room", liv], ["bedroom", bed], ["bathroom", bath]] # Print out house print(house) # Print out the type of house print(type(house))
Subset and conquer
一个元素毫无疑问也是一个子集，因此不论是取一段或者随机访问一个元素都叫做 subsetting
# Create the areas list areas = ["hallway", 11.25, "kitchen", 18.0, "living room", 20.0, "bedroom", 10.75, "bathroom", 9.50] # Print out second element from areas print(areas[1]) # Print out last element from areas print(areas[-1]) # Print out the area of the living room print(areas[5])
#Subset and calculate
# Create the areas list areas = ["hallway", 11.25, "kitchen", 18.0, "living room", 20.0, "bedroom", 10.75, "bathroom", 9.50] # Sum of kitchen and bedroom area: eat_sleep_area eat_sleep_area = areas[3] + areas[-3] # Print the variable eat_sleep_area print(eat_sleep_area)
Slicing and dicing
Selecting single values from a list is just one part of the story. It's also possible to slice your list, which means selecting multiple elements from your list. Use the following syntax:
my_list[start:end]
The start index will be included, while the end index is not.
# Create the areas list areas = ["hallway", 11.25, "kitchen", 18.0, "living room", 20.0, "bedroom", 10.75, "bathroom", 9.50] # Use slicing to create downstairs downstairs = areas[0:6] # Use slicing to create upstairs upstairs = areas[6:10] # Print out downstairs and upstairs print(downstairs) print(upstairs)
However, it's also possible not to specify these indexes. If you don't specify the begin index, Python figures out that you want to start your slice at the beginning of your list. If you don't specify the end index, the slice will go all the way to the last element of your list.
# Create the areas list areas = ["hallway", 11.25, "kitchen", 18.0, "living room", 20.0, "bedroom", 10.75, "bathroom", 9.50] # Alternative slicing to create downstairs downstairs = areas[:6] # Alternative slicing to create upstairs upstairs = areas[6:]
List Manipulation
1、反向选就不用考虑 0 了，数到几就是几
2、如下操作也可以增加元素
In [3]: x Out[3]: ['a', 'b', 's', 't'] In [4]: x[2:] = ["s", "t", "hi"] In [5]: x Out[5]: ['a', 'b', 's', 't', 'hi']
Extend a list
# Create the areas list and make some changes areas = ["hallway", 11.25, "kitchen", 18.0, "chill zone", 20.0, "bedroom", 10.75, "bathroom", 10.50] # Add poolhouse data to areas, new list is areas_1 areas_1 = areas + ["poolhouse", 24.5] # Add garage data to areas_1, new list is areas_2 areas_2 = areas_1 + ["garage", 15.45]
Delete list elements
del(areas[-4:-2])
Inner workings of lists
Change the second command, that creates the variable areas_copy, such that areas_copy is an explicit copy of areas
# Create list areas areas = [11.25, 18.0, 20.0, 10.75, 9.50] # Create areas_copy # areas_copy = areas areas_copy = list(areas) # Change areas_copy areas_copy[0] = 5.0 # Print areas print(areas)
areas_copy = areas[:] 也是可以的！