python

 在python3中，configparser模块用于生成和修改常见配置文档，eg：mysql、apache虚拟主机等

#!/usr/bin/env python
#coding:utf-8

print(''' 
     =========================
        configparser模块详解 
     =========================
    ''')

'''
configparser 模块用于生成和修改常见配置文档，eg：mysql、apache虚拟主机等
'''

print('''
     ============生成配置文件===========
''')

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()  #首先定义一个空的配置文件描述体
config['DEFAULT'] = {
    'ServerAliveInterval':'50',   #在configparser模块生成配置文件时，值都是字符串(数字也要用引号)
    'Compression':'yes',
    'CompressionLevel':'7'
}     #固定格式DEFAULT，定义全局变量(每个节点里面都有的，就可以写到这里，其他节点就不用写)

config['bitbucket.org'] = {}   #定义一个新的空的节点['bitbucket.org']
config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'  #在['bitbucket.org']节点下添加 User = 'hg'这个键值对
config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}
topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
topsecret['Host Port'] = '65511'    
topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' 
config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'
with open('./file/example.ini', 'w') as configfile:
    config.write(configfile)
    
print('生成的配置文件见./file/example.ini')

print('''
     ============打印生成的配置文件===========
''')

with open('./file/example.ini', 'r') as f:
    for line in f:       #迭代器的优势，节省内存
        print(line)
 
        
print('''
     ============读取生成的配置文件的指定信息===========
''')
import configparser 
config = configparser.ConfigParser()
print('执行config.sections()的结果:' ,config.sections())  
print('bitbucket.org' in config)
cr = config.read('./file/example.ini')  #把整个文件内容读入config
print("config.read('./file/example.ini'):",cr)
print('bitbucket.org' in config)
print(config)
for i in config:
    print(i)     #DEFAULT 、bitbucket.org 、topsecret.server.com
print('执行config.sections()的结果:' ,config.sections())  
print(config['bitbucket.org']['user'])   #hg
print(config['bitbucket.org']['compressionlevel'])   # 7  (字符串)
topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']
print(topsecret['host port']) 
for i in topsecret:
    print(i)
'''
host port
forwardx11
serveraliveinterval
compression
compressionlevel

'''


print('''
     ============configparser增删改查语法===========
''')

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()
config.read('./file/example.ini')

# ########## 读 ##########
secs = config.sections()
print(secs)
#options = config.options('DEFAULT') # DEFAULT节点不能直接读，要用config.dafaults()
options = config.options('bitbucket.org') 
         # options()返回一个给定的名称的内容列表。
print(options)
p_DEFAULT = config.defaults()   # DEFAULT节点不能直接读，要用config.dafaults()
print(p_DEFAULT)    # 返回有序字典
#OrderedDict([('serveraliveinterval', '50'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '7'), ('forwardx11', 'yes')])

item_list = config.items('bitbucket.org')
    #config.items() 把传入节点名的内容按(键，值)元祖的方式返回在列表中
print(item_list)
    #[('serveraliveinterval', '50'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '7'), ('forwardx11', 'yes'), ('user', 'hg')]

val1 = config.get('topsecret.server.com','compression')
print(val1)
val2 = config.getint('topsecret.server.com','compressionLevel')
print(val2)

# ########## 改写 ##########
'''
config.remove_section('bitbucket.org') 删除指定节点(包括其内容)
config.has_section('xtsec')  判断配置文件中是否存在[xtsec]这个节点
config.add_section('xtsec')  往配置文件中添加[xtsec]这个节点
config.set('xtsec','port','65530') 往节点xtsec中内容添加 port=65531 ，若port存在，则将其值更新为'65530'(必须是字符串)
config.remove_option('xtsec','passwd')  删除指定节点中的指定内容

注：在每次操作完成后，要重新写入文件以保存，否则更改无效
config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))
 
'''
sec = config.remove_section('bitbucket.org')
config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))

sec = config.has_section('xtsec')
#print(sec)  #False
sec = config.add_section('xtsec')
config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))

config.set('xtsec','port','65531')  #不存在就添加，存在就更新
config.set('xtsec','user','root')
config.set('xtsec','passwd','123456')
config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))
'''
port = 65531
user = root
passwd = 123456
'''

config.remove_option('xtsec','passwd')
config.write(open('./file/example1.ini', "w"))
'''
port = 65531
user = root
'''

上面用到的配置文件：

　　生成的文件：example.ini

[DEFAULT]
serveraliveinterval = 50
compression = yes
compressionlevel = 7
forwardx11 = yes

[bitbucket.org]
user = hg

[topsecret.server.com]
host port = 65511
forwardx11 = no

　　修改后的文件： example1.ini

[DEFAULT]
serveraliveinterval = 50
compression = yes
compressionlevel = 7
forwardx11 = yes

[topsecret.server.com]
host port = 65511
forwardx11 = no

[xtsec]
port = 65531
user = root