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  • node.js之CommonJS

     1、CommonJS

      我们只是在js文件中写下console.log('This is a test.');这句代码,node.js执行该js文件时:

    (
      function(exports, require, module, __filename, __dirname) {
          console.log('This is a test.');  
      }  
    );

      - 每个文件是一个模块,有自己的作用域

      - 在模块内部module变量代表模块本身

      - module.exports属性代表模块对外接口

    2、require特性

      - module被加载时执行,加载后缓存

      - 一旦出现某个模块被循环加载,就只会输出已经执行的部分,还未执行的部分不输出。开发中要避免两个模块相互加载。

    3、node.js将全局属性和方法挂到global上

      - CommonJs

      - Buffer、process、console

      - timer(setTimeout、setImmediate等)

    4、process进程

      - node启动相关一些参数:argv、argv0、execArgv、execPath

      argv, argv0: 命令行参数,argv0就是argv数组的第一个值

    const { argv, argv0, execArgv, execPath } = process;
    
    argv.forEach(item => {
        console.log(item);
    });

      

      execArgv: 执行参数 ,比如--inspect

    const { argv, argv0, execArgv, execPath } = process;
    
    argv.forEach(item => {
        console.log(item);
    });
    
    console.log(argv0);
    console.log(execArgv);

      环境变量 env

    const { env } = process;
    console.log(env);

      结果:

    { '#envTSLOGSHELLEXT10724': '351103568',
      '#envTSLOGsss10724': '80627808',
      '#envTSLOGTSLOG10724': '80616288',
      ALLUSERSPROFILE: 'C:\ProgramData',
      APPDATA: 'C:\Users\oy\AppData\Roaming',
      CommonProgramFiles: 'C:\Program Files\Common Files',
      'CommonProgramFiles(x86)': 'C:\Program Files (x86)\Common Files',
      CommonProgramW6432: 'C:\Program Files\Common Files',
      COMPUTERNAME: 'LAPTOP-SHVUJ9TS',
      ComSpec: 'C:\WINDOWS\system32\cmd.exe',
      DriverData: 'C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\DriverData',
      FPS_BROWSER_APP_PROFILE_STRING: 'Internet Explorer',
      FPS_BROWSER_USER_PROFILE_STRING: 'Default',
      HOMEDRIVE: 'C:',
      HOMEPATH: '\Users\oy',
      JAVA_HOME: 'D:\JavaDevelop\jdk1.8.0_111',
      LOCALAPPDATA: 'C:\Users\oy\AppData\Local',
      LOGONSERVER: '\\LAPTOP-SHVUJ9TS',
      MYSQL_HOME: 'D:\JavaDevelop\mysql-5.1.69-winx64',
      NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS: '8',
      OneDrive: 'C:\Users\oy\OneDrive',
      OneDriveConsumer: 'C:\Users\oy\OneDrive',
      OS: 'Windows_NT',
      Path:
       'C:\Users\oy\AppData\Roaming\npm;D:\DevTools\php-5.6.40-Win32-VC11-x64;D:\JavaDevelop\mysql-5.1.69-winx64\bin;D:\JavaDevelop\jdk1.8.0_111\bin;C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;C:\WINDOWS\system32;C:\WINDOWS;C:\WINDOWS\System32\Wbem;C:\WINDOWS\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\WINDOWS\System32\OpenSSH\;C:\Program Files\Intel\WiFi\bin\;C:\Program Files\Common Files\Intel\WirelessCommon\;D:\DevTools\nodejs\;C:\Users\oy\AppData\Local\Microsoft\WindowsApps;C:\Users\oy\AppData\Roaming\npm;',
      PATHEXT: '.COM;.EXE;.BAT;.CMD;.VBS;.VBE;.JS;.JSE;.WSF;.WSH;.MSC;.CPL',
      PHP_HOME: 'D:\DevTools\php-5.6.40-Win32-VC11-x64',
      PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE: 'AMD64',
      PROCESSOR_IDENTIFIER: 'AMD64 Family 23 Model 17 Stepping 0, AuthenticAMD',
      PROCESSOR_LEVEL: '23',
      PROCESSOR_REVISION: '1100',
      ProgramData: 'C:\ProgramData',
      ProgramFiles: 'C:\Program Files',
      'ProgramFiles(x86)': 'C:\Program Files (x86)',
      ProgramW6432: 'C:\Program Files',
      PSModulePath:
       'C:\Users\oy\Documents\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\Program Files\WindowsPowerShell\Modules;C:\WINDOWS\system32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\Modules',
      PUBLIC: 'C:\Users\Public',
      SESSIONNAME: 'Console',
      SystemDrive: 'C:',
      SystemRoot: 'C:\WINDOWS',
      TEMP: 'C:\Users\oy\AppData\Local\Temp',
      TMP: 'C:\Users\oy\AppData\Local\Temp',
      USERDOMAIN: 'LAPTOP-SHVUJ9TS',
      USERDOMAIN_ROAMINGPROFILE: 'LAPTOP-SHVUJ9TS',
      USERNAME: 'oy',
      USERPROFILE: 'C:\Users\oy',
      windir: 'C:\WINDOWS' }

    5、setImmediate

    // 下个队列
    setImmediate(() => {
        console.log('setImmediate');
    });
    
    setTimeout(() => {
        console.log('setTimeout');
    });
    // 当前队列的队尾
    process.nextTick(() => {
        console.log('nextTick');
    });
    
    // 结果:
    nextTick
    setTimeout
    setImmediate
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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xy-ouyang/p/11614098.html
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