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  • ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的实现原理

    本章将和大家分享ASP.NET Core中IOC容器的实现原理。

    首先我们需要了解什么是IOC,为什么要使用IOC容器?

    一、依赖

    类A用到了类B,我们就说类A依赖类B。

    using System;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI
    {
        public class Test
        {
            public void Show()
            {
                MyDependency myDependency = new MyDependency(); //全是细节
                myDependency.Show();
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");
            }
        }
    
        public class MyDependency
        {
            public void Show()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");
            }
        }
    }

    上面的示例中,类Test就依赖了MyDependency类。

    二、依赖倒置原则(Dependence Inversion Principle)

    依赖倒置原则:高层模块不应该依赖于低层模块,二者都应该依赖于抽象。应该依赖于抽象,而不是依赖细节。

    什么是高层模块?这里的使用者Test类就称为高层模块。什么是低层模块?被使用者MyDependency类就称为低层模块。上面的示例中我们的高层模块就依赖于我们的低层模块。

    那么这样子有什么不好呢?

      1、面向对象语言开发,就是类与类之间进行交互,如果高层直接依赖低层的细节,细节是多变的,那么低层的变化就导致上层的变化;

      2、如果层数多了,低层的修改会直接水波效应传递到最上层,一点细微的改动都会导致整个系统从下往上的修改。

    因此,上例按照依赖倒置原则修改如下:

    using System;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI
    {
        public class Test
        {
            public void Show()
            {
                IDepenency myDependency = new MyDependency(); //左边抽象右边细节
                myDependency.Show();
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");
            }
        }
    
        public class MyDependency : IDepenency
        {
            public void Show()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");
            }
        }
    
        public interface IDepenency
        {
            void Show();
        }
    }

    三、IOC控制反转

    控制反转是一种思想,所谓“控制反转”就是反转获得依赖对象的过程。

    上面示例经过改造后虽然遵循了“依赖倒置原则”,但是违背了“开放封闭原则”,因为如果有一天想要修改变量myDependency为YourDependency类的实例,则需要修改Test类。

    因此,我们需要反转这种创建对象的过程:

    using System;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI
    {
        public class Test
        {
            private readonly IDepenency _myDependency;
            public Test(IDepenency myDependency)
            {
                this._myDependency = myDependency;
            }
    
            public void Show()
            {
                _myDependency.Show();
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");
            }
        }
    
        public class MyDependency : IDepenency
        {
            public void Show()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().FullName}");
            }
        }
    
        public interface IDepenency
        {
            void Show();
        }
    }

    上例中,将 _myDependency 的创建过程“反转”给了调用者。

    四、依赖注入(Dependency Injection)

    依赖注入是一种在类及其依赖对象之间实现控制反转(IOC)思想的技术。

    所谓依赖注入,就是由IOC容器在运行期间,动态地将某种依赖关系注入到对象之中。

    依赖注入就是能做到构造某个对象时,将依赖的对象自动初始化并注入 。

    IOC是目标是效果,需要DI依赖注入的手段。

    三种注入方式:构造函数注入--属性注入--方法注入(按时间顺序)。

    构造函数注入用的最多,默认找参数最多的构造函数,可以不用特性,可以去掉对容器的依赖。

    五、IOC容器的实现原理

    IOC容器的实现原理:

      1、启动时保存注册信息。

      2、在构造某个对象时,根据注册信息使用反射加特性,将依赖的对象自动初始化并注入。

      3、对对象进行生命周期管理或者进行AOP扩展等。

    下面我们重点来看下如何创建一个简易的IOC容器(当然,实际使用的IOC容器要比这复杂的多)。

    首先来看下项目的目录结构:

    此处IOC容器中用到的自定义特性如下所示:

    using System;
    
    namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数注入特性
        /// </summary>
        [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Constructor)]
        public class ConstructorInjectionAttribute : Attribute
        {
    
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 方法注入特性
        /// </summary>
        [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Method)]
        public class MethodInjectionAttribute : Attribute
        {
    
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 常量
        /// </summary>
        [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Parameter)]
        public class ParameterConstantAttribute : Attribute
        {
    
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 简称(别名)
        /// </summary>
        [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Parameter | AttributeTargets.Property)]
        public class ParameterShortNameAttribute : Attribute
        {
            public string ShortName { get; private set; }
            public ParameterShortNameAttribute(string shortName)
            {
                this.ShortName = shortName;
            }
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 属性注入特性
        /// </summary>
        [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Property)]
        public class PropertyInjectionAttribute : Attribute
        {
    
        }
    }

    创建一个简易的IOC容器,如下所示:

    using System;
    
    namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer
    {
        public class IOCContainerRegistModel
        {
            public Type TargetType { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 生命周期
            /// </summary>
            public LifetimeType Lifetime { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 仅限单例
            /// </summary>
            public object SingletonInstance { get; set; }
        }
    
        /// <summary>
        /// 生命周期
        /// </summary>
        public enum LifetimeType
        {
            Transient, //瞬时
            Singleton,
            Scope, //作用域
            PerThread //线程单例
            //外部可释放单例
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// IOC容器接口
        /// </summary>
        public interface ITianYaIOCContainer
        {
            void Register<TFrom, TTo>(string shortName = null, object[] paraList = null, LifetimeType lifetimeType = LifetimeType.Transient)
                where TTo : TFrom;
            TFrom Resolve<TFrom>(string shortName = null);
            ITianYaIOCContainer CreateChildContainer();
        }
    }
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.Linq;
    using System.Reflection;
    
    using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute;
    
    namespace TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// IOC容器
        /// </summary>
        public class TianYaIOCContainer : ITianYaIOCContainer
        {
            #region 字段或者属性
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 保存注册信息
            /// </summary>
            private Dictionary<string, IOCContainerRegistModel> _tianYaContainerDictionary = new Dictionary<string, IOCContainerRegistModel>();
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 保存常量的值
            /// </summary>
            private Dictionary<string, object[]> _tianYaContainerValueDictionary = new Dictionary<string, object[]>();
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 作用域单例的对象
            /// </summary>
            private Dictionary<string, object> _tianYaContainerScopeDictionary = new Dictionary<string, object>();
    
            #endregion 字段或者属性
    
            #region 构造函数
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 无参构造行数
            /// </summary>
            public TianYaIOCContainer()
            {
    
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 主要在创建子容器的时候使用
            /// </summary>
            private TianYaIOCContainer(Dictionary<string, IOCContainerRegistModel> tianYaContainerDictionary,
                Dictionary<string, object[]> tianYaContainerValueDictionary, Dictionary<string, object> tianYaContainerScopeDictionary)
            {
                this._tianYaContainerDictionary = tianYaContainerDictionary;
                this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary = tianYaContainerValueDictionary;
                this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary = tianYaContainerScopeDictionary;
            }
    
            #endregion 构造函数
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 创建子容器
            /// </summary>
            public ITianYaIOCContainer CreateChildContainer()
            {
                return new TianYaIOCContainer(this._tianYaContainerDictionary, this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary,
                    new Dictionary<string, object>()); //没有注册关系,最好能初始化进去
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 获取键
            /// </summary>
            private string GetKey(string fullName, string shortName) => $"{fullName}___{shortName}";
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 加个参数区分生命周期--而且注册关系得保存生命周期
            /// </summary>
            /// <typeparam name="TFrom">要添加的服务的类型</typeparam>
            /// <typeparam name="TTo">要使用的实现的类型</typeparam>
            /// <param name="shortName">简称(别名)(主要用于解决单接口多实现)</param>
            /// <param name="paraList">常量参数</param>
            /// <param name="lifetimeType">生命周期</param>
            public void Register<TFrom, TTo>(string shortName = null, object[] paraList = null, LifetimeType lifetimeType = LifetimeType.Transient)
                where TTo : TFrom
            {
                this._tianYaContainerDictionary.Add(this.GetKey(typeof(TFrom).FullName, shortName), new IOCContainerRegistModel()
                {
                    Lifetime = lifetimeType,
                    TargetType = typeof(TTo)
                });
    
                if (paraList != null && paraList.Length > 0)
                {
                    this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary.Add(this.GetKey(typeof(TFrom).FullName, shortName), paraList);
                }
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 获取对象
            /// </summary>
            public TFrom Resolve<TFrom>(string shortName = null)
            {
                return (TFrom)this.ResolveObject(typeof(TFrom), shortName);
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 递归--可以完成不限层级的对象创建
            /// </summary>
            private object ResolveObject(Type abstractType, string shortName = null)
            {
                string key = this.GetKey(abstractType.FullName, shortName);
                var model = this._tianYaContainerDictionary[key];
    
                #region 生命周期
    
                switch (model.Lifetime)
                {
                    case LifetimeType.Transient:
                        Console.WriteLine("Transient Do Nothing Before");
                        break;
                    case LifetimeType.Singleton:
                        if (model.SingletonInstance == null)
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return model.SingletonInstance;
                        }
                    case LifetimeType.Scope:
                        if (this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary.ContainsKey(key))
                        {
                            return this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary[key];
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            break;
                        }
                    default:
                        break;
                }
    
                #endregion 生命周期
    
                Type type = model.TargetType;
    
                #region 选择合适的构造函数
    
                ConstructorInfo ctor = null;
                //标记特性
                ctor = type.GetConstructors().FirstOrDefault(c => c.IsDefined(typeof(ConstructorInjectionAttribute), true));
                if (ctor == null)
                {
                    //参数个数最多
                    ctor = type.GetConstructors().OrderByDescending(c => c.GetParameters().Length).First();
                }
                //ctor = type.GetConstructors()[0]; //直接第一个
    
                #endregion 选择合适的构造函数
    
                #region 准备构造函数的参数
    
                List<object> paraList = new List<object>();
                object[] paraConstant = this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary.ContainsKey(key) ? this._tianYaContainerValueDictionary[key] : null; //常量找出来
                int iIndex = 0;
                foreach (var para in ctor.GetParameters())
                {
                    if (para.IsDefined(typeof(ParameterConstantAttribute), true))
                    {
                        paraList.Add(paraConstant[iIndex]);
                        iIndex++;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        Type paraType = para.ParameterType; //获取参数的类型
                        string paraShortName = this.GetShortName(para);
                        object paraInstance = this.ResolveObject(paraType, paraShortName);
                        paraList.Add(paraInstance);
                    }
                }
    
                #endregion 准备构造函数的参数
    
                object oInstance = null;
                oInstance = Activator.CreateInstance(type, paraList.ToArray()); //创建对象,完成构造函数的注入
    
                #region 属性注入
    
                foreach (var prop in type.GetProperties().Where(p => p.IsDefined(typeof(PropertyInjectionAttribute), true)))
                {
                    Type propType = prop.PropertyType;
                    string paraShortName = this.GetShortName(prop);
                    object propInstance = this.ResolveObject(propType, paraShortName);
                    prop.SetValue(oInstance, propInstance);
                }
    
                #endregion 属性注入
    
                #region 方法注入 
    
                foreach (var method in type.GetMethods().Where(m => m.IsDefined(typeof(MethodInjectionAttribute), true)))
                {
                    List<object> paraInjectionList = new List<object>();
                    foreach (var para in method.GetParameters())
                    {
                        Type paraType = para.ParameterType;//获取参数的类型 IUserDAL
                        string paraShortName = this.GetShortName(para);
                        object paraInstance = this.ResolveObject(paraType, paraShortName);
                        paraInjectionList.Add(paraInstance);
                    }
                    method.Invoke(oInstance, paraInjectionList.ToArray());
                }
    
                #endregion 方法注入
    
                #region 生命周期
    
                switch (model.Lifetime)
                {
                    case LifetimeType.Transient:
                        Console.WriteLine("Transient Do Nothing After");
                        break;
                    case LifetimeType.Singleton:
                        model.SingletonInstance = oInstance;
                        break;
                    case LifetimeType.Scope:
                        this._tianYaContainerScopeDictionary[key] = oInstance;
                        break;
                    default:
                        break;
                }
    
                #endregion 生命周期
    
                //return oInstance.AOP(abstractType); //AOP扩展
                return oInstance;
            }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 获取简称(别名)
            /// </summary>
            private string GetShortName(ICustomAttributeProvider provider)
            {
                if (provider.IsDefined(typeof(ParameterShortNameAttribute), true))
                {
                    var attribute = (ParameterShortNameAttribute)(provider.GetCustomAttributes(typeof(ParameterShortNameAttribute), true)[0]);
                    return attribute.ShortName;
                }
                else
                {
                    return null;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    至此,我们就创建完了一个简易的IOC容器。

    下面我们来添加一些用于测试的接口,如下所示:

    using System;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI.IService
    {
        public interface ITestServiceA
        {
            void Show();
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI.IService
    {
        public interface ITestServiceB
        {
            void Show();
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI.IService
    {
        public interface ITestServiceC
        {
            void Show();
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI.IService
    {
        public interface ITestServiceD
        {
            void Show();
        }
    }

    接口对应的实现,如下所示:

    using System;
    
    using MyIOCDI.IService;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI.Service
    {
        public class TestServiceA : ITestServiceA
        {
            public TestServiceA()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");
            }
    
            public void Show()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");
            }
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    using MyIOCDI.IService;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI.Service
    {
        public class TestServiceB : ITestServiceB
        {
            public TestServiceB()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");
            }
    
            public void Show()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");
            }
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    using MyIOCDI.IService;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI.Service
    {
        public class TestServiceC : ITestServiceC
        {
            public TestServiceC()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");
            }
    
            public void Show()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");
            }
        }
    }
    using System;
    
    using MyIOCDI.IService;
    using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomAttribute;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI.Service
    {
        public class TestServiceD : ITestServiceD
        {
            /// <summary>
            /// 属性注入
            /// </summary>
            [PropertyInjection]
            public ITestServiceA TestServiceA { get; set; }
    
            /// <summary>
            /// 带有别名的属性注入
            /// </summary>
            [ParameterShortName("ServiceB")]
            [PropertyInjection]
            public ITestServiceB TestServiceB { get; set; }
    
            public TestServiceD()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}被构造。。。");
            }
    
            #region 构造函数注入
    
            private readonly ITestServiceA _testServiceA;
            private readonly ITestServiceB _testServiceB;
            [ConstructorInjection] //优先选择带有构造函数注入特性的
            public TestServiceD(ITestServiceA testServiceA, [ParameterConstant] string sValue, ITestServiceB testServiceB, [ParameterConstant] int iValue)
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"{this.GetType().Name}--{sValue}--{iValue}被构造。。。");
                _testServiceA = testServiceA;
                _testServiceB = testServiceB;
            }
    
            #endregion 构造函数注入
    
            #region 方法注入
    
            private ITestServiceC _testServiceC;
            [MethodInjection]
            public void Init(ITestServiceC testServiceC)
            {
                _testServiceC = testServiceC;
            }
    
            #endregion 方法注入
    
            public void Show()
            {
                Console.WriteLine($"This is {this.GetType().Name} Show");
            }
        }
    }

    最后来看下IOC容器的使用及其运行结果:

    using System;
    
    using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer;
    using MyIOCDI.IService;
    using MyIOCDI.Service;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                ITianYaIOCContainer container = new TianYaIOCContainer();
                {
                    //注册
                    container.Register<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>(); //将ITestServiceA注册到TestServiceA
                    container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();
                    container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>(shortName: "ServiceB");
                    container.Register<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();
                    container.Register<ITestServiceD, TestServiceD>(paraList: new object[] { "浪子天涯", 666 }, lifetimeType: LifetimeType.Singleton);
    
                    ITestServiceD d1 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>(); //创建对象交给IOC容器
                    ITestServiceD d2 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>();
                    d1.Show();
                    Console.WriteLine($"object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2) = {object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2)}");
                }
    
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }

    运行结果如下:

    生命周期为作用域的,其实就是子容器单例,如下所示:

    using System;
    
    using TianYaSharpCore.IOCDI.CustomContainer;
    using MyIOCDI.IService;
    using MyIOCDI.Service;
    
    namespace MyIOCDI
    {
        class Program
        {
            static void Main(string[] args)
            {
                ITianYaIOCContainer container = new TianYaIOCContainer();
                //{
                //    //注册
                //    container.Register<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>(); //将ITestServiceA注册到TestServiceA
                //    container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>();
                //    container.Register<ITestServiceB, TestServiceB>(shortName: "ServiceB");
                //    container.Register<ITestServiceC, TestServiceC>();
                //    container.Register<ITestServiceD, TestServiceD>(paraList: new object[] { "浪子天涯", 666 }, lifetimeType: LifetimeType.Singleton);
    
                //    ITestServiceD d1 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>(); //创建对象交给IOC容器
                //    ITestServiceD d2 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceD>();
                //    d1.Show();
                //    Console.WriteLine($"object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2) = {object.ReferenceEquals(d1, d2)}");
                //}
    
                {
                    //生命周期:作用域
                    //就是Http请求时,一个请求处理过程中,创建都是同一个实例;不同的请求处理过程中,就是不同的实例;
                    //得区分请求,Http请求---Asp.NetCore内置Kestrel,初始化一个容器实例;然后每次来一个Http请求,就clone一个,
                    //或者叫创建子容器(包含注册关系),然后一个请求就一个子容器实例,那么就可以做到请求单例了(其实就是子容器单例)
                    //主要可以去做DbContext  Repository
                    container.Register<ITestServiceA, TestServiceA>(lifetimeType: LifetimeType.Scope);
                    ITestServiceA a1 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();
                    ITestServiceA a2 = container.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();
    
                    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a1, a2)); //T
    
                    ITianYaIOCContainer container1 = container.CreateChildContainer();
                    ITestServiceA a11 = container1.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();
                    ITestServiceA a12 = container1.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();
    
                    ITianYaIOCContainer container2 = container.CreateChildContainer();
                    ITestServiceA a21 = container2.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();
                    ITestServiceA a22 = container2.Resolve<ITestServiceA>();
    
                    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a11, a12)); //T
                    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a21, a22)); //T
    
                    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a11, a21)); //F
                    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a11, a22)); //F
                    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a12, a21)); //F
                    Console.WriteLine(object.ReferenceEquals(a12, a22)); //F
                }
    
                Console.ReadKey();
            }
        }
    }

    运行结果如下:

    至此本文就全部介绍完了,如果觉得对您有所启发请记得点个赞哦!!!

    Demo源码:

    链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/15xpmWbEDbkm7evpr4iIZNg 
    提取码:ckes

    此文由博主精心撰写转载请保留此原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/xyh9039/p/13663808.html

    版权声明:如有雷同纯属巧合,如有侵权请及时联系本人修改,谢谢!!!

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/xyh9039/p/13663808.html
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