c#定时器Timer

C# Timer用法有哪些呢？我们在使用C# Timer时都会有自己的一些总结，那么这里向你介绍3种方法，希望对你了解和学习C# Timer使用的方法有所帮助。

关于C# Timer类  在C#里关于定时器类就有3个

C# Timer使用的方法1.定义在System.Windows.Forms里

C# Timer使用的方法2.定义在System.Threading.Timer类里  "

C# Timer使用的方法3.定义在System.Timers.Timer类里

下面我们来具体看看这3种C# Timer用法的解释：

◆System.Windows.Forms.Timer

应用于WinForm中的，它是通过Windows消息机制实现的，类似于VB或Delphi中的Timer控件，内部使用API  SetTimer实现的。它的主要缺点是计时不精确，而且必须有消息循环，Console  Application(控制台应用程序)无法使用。  

◆System.Timers.Timer

和System.Threading.Timer非常类似，它们是通过.NET  Thread  Pool实现的，轻量，计时精确，对应用程序、消息没有特别的要求。

◆System.Timers.Timer还可以应用于WinForm，完全取代上面的Timer控件。它们的缺点是不支持直接的拖放，需要手工编码。

            //实例化Timer类，设置间隔时间为10000毫秒； 
            System.Timers.Timer t = new System.Timers.Timer(1000);

            //到达时间的时候执行注册事件
            t.Elapsed += (obj,e) => {
                Console.WriteLine("ok");
            };

            //设置是执行一次（false）还是一直执行(true)； 
            t.AutoReset = true;

            //是否执行System.Timers.Timer.Elapsed注册事件；   
            t.Enabled = true;
            Console.ReadKey();

javascript 对应的

setInterval(funciont(){xxxxx},1000)一直执行

setTimeout(function(){xxxxx},1000)只执行一次

需求：规定时间启动定时器(比如早上下午6点启动,上午就管理员运行程序 )

code：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Data;
using System.Threading;

namespace CsDemo
{
    class Program
    {
        static System.Timers.Timer t = null;
        static Thread td = null;
        static bool isOpenTimers = false;
        static bool isThreadFalg = true;

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            Timers(statrDay() * msecTime);//statrDay() * msecTime读取配置文件或者指定时间

            Threads();
        }

        private static void Threads()
        {
            td = new Thread(ThreadMethod);
            td.IsBackground = true;
            td.Start(td);
        }


        /// <summary>定时器
        /// </summary>
        public static void Timers(double Time)
        {
            t = new System.Timers.Timer(Time);
            t.Elapsed += (obj, e) =>
            {
                //Do something
            };
            t.AutoReset = true;
            t.Enabled = true;
        }



        /// <summary>线程 指定时间启动定时器
        /// </summary>
        private static void ThreadMethod(object td)
        {
            var temp = td as Thread;
            while (isThreadFalg)
            {
                int hour = DateTime.Now.Hour;
                if (hour >= hourTime)//hourTime 读取配置文件 下午6点
                {
                    if (!isOpenTimers)
                    {
                        t.Start();
                        Thread.Sleep(1000);
                        temp.Abort();
                    }
                }
                Thread.Sleep(300000);
            }
        }
    }
}

2：问题 定时器里面方法没有执行完 下一次又启动了 但是我希望排队的方式运行 (上次任务结束才开始)

code：

        /// <summary>定时器
        /// </summary>
        public static void Timers(double Time)
        {
            t = new System.Timers.Timer(Time);
            t.Elapsed += (obj, e) =>
            {
                t.Stop();
                //Do something
                t.Start();
            };
            t.AutoReset = true;
            t.Enabled = true;
            t.Start();
        }

3：需求3 假设定时器7天运行一次 1号开启 突然bug或者意外3号天挂了  第4天开启 这个时候  7号继续执行 不能等到4+7 11号执行

原理：

每次运行定时器动态计算时间：异常时候写入奔溃时间

1：

   Timers(statrDay() * msecTime);//mescTime 为 86400000 一天 这样项目原因不考虑
   public double statrDay()
        {
            DateTime lastDay = DateTime.Parse(nextDayStar);
            TimeSpan ts = lastDay - DateTime.Now;
            var dayTemp = ts.Days;
            if (dayTemp >= pushTime || dayTemp <= 0) dayTemp = pushTime;
            return dayTemp; 
        }

2：Timer Elapsed方法每次运行写入下次启动时间

Logging.GetInstance().InsertNextDayStart(DateTime.Now.AddDays(pushTime).ToString());pushTime=7 

3：程序奔溃写入下次启动时间

  public static void InsertLog()
        {
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(o =>
            {
                while (true)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        if (tempLog.Count > 0)
                        {
                            string errorMsg = tempLog.Dequeue();
                            Logging.GetInstance().WriteLog(errorMsg, path);
                            Logging.GetInstance().InsertNextDayStart(DateTime.Now.AddDays(frm.pushTime).ToString());
                            Thread.Sleep(30);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            Thread.Sleep(30000);
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        tempLog.Enqueue("系统错误" + GetExceptionMsg(ex as Exception, ex.ToString()));
                    }
                }
            });
        }

为队列 public static Queue<string> tempLog = new Queue<string>();

详细代码：

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using DAL;
using Redslide.HttpLib;
using System.Web;
using System.Threading;
using System.Collections.Concurrent;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Tool.Entity;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Configuration;
using System.IO;
using System.Web.Script.Serialization;


namespace IllegalMsgPush
{
    public partial class frWz : Form
    {
        #region 全局变量
        System.Timers.Timer t = null;
        Thread td = null;
        bool isOpenTimers = false;
        bool isThreadFalg = true;
      
        string urlCopy = null; 
        ConcurrentDictionary<string, userList> dicUser=null;
        static Task tk = null;

        /// <summary>
        /// 违章消息推送时间启动(单位小时)
        /// </summary>
        public int hourTime = 0;

        /// <summary>
        /// 违章消息推送定时推送(单位天)
        /// </summary>
        public int pushTime = 0;

        /// <summary>
        /// 下次启动时间(day)
        /// </summary>
        public string nextDayStar =null;

        Action<string> acCarMsgShow = null;

        public int holdID;
        public int msecTime;

        /// <summary>同步锁用于删除队列信息与添加消息
        /// </summary>
        private static object _objfrWzMsgLock = new object();
        #endregion

        public frWz()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            this.SizeChanged += (o, e) =>
            {
                if (this.WindowState == FormWindowState.Minimized)
                {
                    this.Hide();
                    this.notifyIcon1.Visible = true;
                }
            };

            InitializationParameter();

            Timers(statrDay() * msecTime);

            Threads();
        }

        #region      -sql command

        /// <summary>用户以及子用户下面的车
        /// </summary>
        private DataTable LoadCarChildList()
        {
            var sql = string.Format(@"with cte as
                                      (
                                        select userName ,userID from std_UserInfo where isDeleted=0
                                      ) 
                                      select a.ObjectID,a.vehicleNum,d.EngineCode,d.ShelfCode ,c.userName
                                              from dbo.Table_F_GetObjectInfoByObjUserHoldID(0,1,1) a 
                                              left join std_ObjAppend d with (nolock) on  a.ObjectID=d.ObjectID 
                                              left join std_UserObj   b with (nolock)  on  d.ObjectID=b.ObjectID 
                                              left hash join cte c on  b.userID=c.userID 
                                      where c.userName is not null", holdID);
            return SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(sql).Tables[0];
        }

        public void InsertPushInfo(string objectID, string vehclieNum, string userName)
        {
            Task.WaitAll(tk);
            StringBuilder sql = new StringBuilder();
            var temp = objectID + "_" + userName;
            if (ContainsKey(temp))
            {
                sql.Append(@"INSERT INTO personal_PushInfo
                                                   (Contype,context,UserName,OBDTerminalNo ,voiceName             
                                                    ,isDeleted ,RcvTime ,TypeID ,ID ,VehicleNum
                                                    ,ItemID,voiceDetail,GPSTime ,CerFileName
                                                    ,CerPassword,PushServerType)
                                      ");
                sql.AppendFormat(@"VALUES('违章','您有一条新的违章消息','{0}','{1}','109.wav'
                                       ,0,getdate(),2,'{2}','{3}'
                                       ,109,'您有一条新的违章消息',getdate(),'{4}'
                                       ,'{5}',1)"
                                          , dicUser[temp].UserName              //UserName
                                          , dicUser[temp].OBDTerminalNo         //OBDTerminalNo
                                          , int.Parse(objectID)                 //ID  -车辆ID ObjectID
                                          , vehclieNum                          //VehicleNum
                                          , dicUser[temp].CerFileName           //CerFileName 安卓null 
                                          , dicUser[temp].CerPassword           //CerPassword 
                                          );
                SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(sql.ToString());
            }
            else
            {
                string str = "key不存在异常出现在ID: " + objectID + "车牌:" + vehclieNum + "userName:" + userName;
                Logging.GetInstance().WriteLog(str, Program.carListLog);
            }
        }

        public void LoadUserList()
        {
            dicUser = new ConcurrentDictionary<string, userList>();
            tk = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
            {
                var sql = "SELECT UserName,OBDTerminalNo,ObjectID,CerFileName,CerPassword  FROM std_UserObj  a left hash join std_UserInfo b on a.UserID=b.UserID WHERE b.isDeleted=0";
                var temp = SqlHelper.ExecuteDataset(sql).Tables[0];
                if (temp != null || temp.Rows.Count > 0)
                {
                    var dataType = typeof(userList);
                    var infos = dataType.GetProperties(BindingFlags.Instance | BindingFlags.Public);
                    foreach (DataRow row in temp.Rows.AsParallel())
                    {
                        var obj = (userList)Activator.CreateInstance(dataType);
                        foreach (DataColumn col in temp.Columns.AsParallel())
                        {
                            try
                            {
                                foreach (PropertyInfo info in infos)
                                {
                                    if (info.Name.ToLower() == col.ColumnName.ToLower())
                                    {
                                        if (row[col].GetType().FullName != "System.DBNull")
                                        {
                                            info.FastSetValue(obj, row[col]);
                                        }
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                            catch
                            {
                            }
                        }
                        Add(obj.ObjectID.ToString() + "_" + obj.UserName, obj);
                    }
                }
            });
        }

        public void csDemo()
        {
            if (this.txtContent.InvokeRequired)
            {
                this.txtContent.Invoke(acCarMsgShow, "执行一次");
            }
            string str = @"INSERT INTO personal_PushInfo(Contype,context,UserName,OBDTerminalNo ,voiceName
                                                        ,isDeleted ,RcvTime ,TypeID ,ID ,VehicleNum
                                                        ,ItemID ,voiceDetail,GPSTime ,CerFileName
                                                        ,CerPassword,PushServerType)
                                                 VALUES('报警','车辆设防','chen','d3e0d773cd1dde1a939bde8b4ea5605ffb0a9aa3dd07be1dbb8213f6f7b64862','79.wav'
                                                        ,0,getdate(),1,73252,'粤Blyq'
                                                        , 79,'您有一条新的违章消息',getdate(),'carGeniusP_erp_dev.pem'
                                                        ,'123456',0)";
            SqlHelper.ExecuteNonQuery(str);
        }
        #endregion

        private void HttpGet()
        {
            var dt = LoadCarChildList();
            if (dt == null || dt.Rows.Count == 0) return;
            JavaScriptSerializer js = new JavaScriptSerializer();
            foreach (DataRow item in dt.Rows)
            {
                lock (_objfrWzMsgLock)
                {
                    var carCode = item["EngineCode"].ToString();
                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(carCode)) continue;
                    var carNumber = item["ShelfCode"].ToString();
                    if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(carNumber)) continue;
                    var objectID = item["ObjectID"].ToString();
                    var vehclieNum = item["vehicleNum"].ToString();
                    var userName = item["userName"].ToString();
                    string url = string.Format(urlCopy, HttpUtility.UrlEncode(vehclieNum, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8), GetLastStr(carCode, 6), GetLastStr(carNumber, 6));
                    Request.Get(url, null, result =>
                    {
                        var json = (Dictionary<string, object>)js.DeserializeObject(result);
                        if (json == null) return;
                        if (bool.Parse(json["Success"].ToString()) && bool.Parse(json["HasData"].ToString()))
                        {
                            var tempMsg = "车牌ID：" + objectID  + "--车牌号：" + vehclieNum + "--用户名:" + userName;
                            if (this.txtContent.InvokeRequired) this.txtContent.Invoke(acCarMsgShow, tempMsg);
                            InsertPushInfo(objectID, vehclieNum, userName);
                            Logging.GetInstance().WriteLog(tempMsg, Program.carListLog);
                        }
                        else {
                            Logging.GetInstance().WriteLog(result.ToString(), Program.carListLog);
                        }
                    }, e =>
                    {
                        string str = "http请求错误" + Program.GetExceptionMsg(e, string.Empty);
                        Logging.GetInstance().WriteLog(str, Program.carListLog);
                    });
                }
            }
        }

        #region    event
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (MessageBox.Show("要重新启动嘛？", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) == DialogResult.Yes)
            {
                t = null;
                td = null;
                notifyIcon1 = null;
                Application.Restart();
            }
        }

        private void frWz__Shown(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Visible = true;
            notifyIcon1.Visible = true;
            notifyIcon1.Icon = this.Icon;
        }

        private void frWz_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            if (notifyIcon1 != null)
            {
                e.Cancel = true;
                this.Visible = false;
            }
        }

        private void ToolStripMenuItem_Show_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            this.Show();
            this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
        }

        private void ToolStripMenuItem_Exit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (MessageBox.Show("你确定退出吗？", "提示", MessageBoxButtons.YesNo, MessageBoxIcon.Question) == DialogResult.Yes)
            {
                t = null;
                td = null;
                dicUser = null;
                notifyIcon1 = null;
                this.Close();
            }
        }

        private void notifyIcon1_MouseClick(object sender, MouseEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Button == MouseButtons.Left)
            {
                notifyIcon1.Visible = true;
                this.Show();
                this.WindowState = FormWindowState.Normal;
            }
            else
            {
                Point pt = new Point();
                pt = Control.MousePosition;
                contextMenuStrip1.Show(pt);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        private void Threads()
        {
            td = new Thread(ThreadMethod);
            td.IsBackground = true;
            td.Start(td);
        }

        /// <summary>定时器
        /// </summary>
        public void Timers(double Time)
        {
            t = new System.Timers.Timer(Time);
            t.Elapsed += (obj, e) =>
            {
                t.Stop();
                Logging.GetInstance().InsertNextDayStart(DateTime.Now.AddDays(pushTime).ToString());
                isOpenTimers = true;
                LoadUserList();
                HttpGet();
                t.Interval = pushTime * msecTime;
                t.Start();
            };
            t.AutoReset = true;
            t.Enabled = true;
        }

        /// <summary>初始化参数和变量
        /// </summary>
        private void InitializationParameter()
        {
            Logging.GetInstance().CreateFile(Program.path, Program.carListLog);
            urlCopy = ConfigRead.GetInstance().pushUrlValue();
            hourTime = ConfigRead.GetInstance().hourTimeValue();
            pushTime = ConfigRead.GetInstance().pushDayValue();
            nextDayStar = Logging.GetInstance().ReadNextDayStart();
            holdID = ConfigRead.GetInstance().holdIDValue();
            msecTime = ConfigRead.GetInstance().msecTimeValue();
            acCarMsgShow = (strMsg) =>
            {
                txtContent.AppendText("请求成功消息：" + strMsg + "\r\n");
            };
        }

        /// <summary>线程 指定时间启动定时器
        /// </summary>
        private void ThreadMethod(object td)
        {
            var temp = td as Thread;
            while (isThreadFalg)
            {
                int hour = DateTime.Now.Hour;
                if (hour >= hourTime)
                {
                    if (!isOpenTimers)
                    {
                        t.Start();
                        Thread.Sleep(1000);
                        temp.Abort();
                    }
                }
                Thread.Sleep(300000);
            }
        }

        #region IDictionary<string,ResultType> 成员

        public void Add(string key, userList value)
        {
            dicUser.TryAdd(key, value);
        }

        public bool ContainsKey(string key)
        {
            return dicUser.ContainsKey(key);
        }

        public ICollection<string> Keys
        {
            get { return dicUser.Keys; }
        }

        public bool Remove(string key)
        {
            userList val;
            return dicUser.TryRemove(key, out val);
        }

        public bool TryGetValue(string key, out userList value)
        {
            return dicUser.TryGetValue(key, out value);
        }

        public ICollection<userList> Values
        {
            get { return dicUser.Values; }
        }

        public userList this[string key]
        {
            get
            {
                return dicUser[key];
            }
            set
            {
                dicUser[key] = value;
            }
        }

        #endregion

        public void updateConfig(string key, string value)
        {
            var config = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            if (config.AppSettings.Settings[key] != null)
            {
                config.AppSettings.Settings[key].Value = value;
            }
            else
            {
                config.AppSettings.Settings.Add(key, value);
            }
            config.Save(ConfigurationSaveMode.Modified);
            ConfigurationManager.RefreshSection("appSettings");
        }

        public double statrDay()
        {
            DateTime lastDay = DateTime.Parse(nextDayStar);
            TimeSpan ts = lastDay - DateTime.Now;
            var dayTemp = ts.Days;
            if (dayTemp >= pushTime || dayTemp <= 0) dayTemp = pushTime;
            return dayTemp; 
        }

        public string GetLastStr(string str, int num)
        {
            if (str.Length > num)
            {
                str = str.Substring(str.Length - num, num);
            }
            return str;
        }
    }

    public class userList
    {
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string OBDTerminalNo { get; set; }
        public int ObjectID { get; set; }
        public string CerPassword { get; set; }
        public string CerFileName { get; set; }

    }
}

Program

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Text;
using Tool.Entity;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Threading;
using System.IO;
using System.Collections;

namespace IllegalMsgPush
{
    static class Program
    {
        public static frWz frm = null;
        public static string path = "";
        public static string carListLog = "";
        public static Queue<string> tempLog = new Queue<string>();

        /// <summary>
        /// 应用程序的主入口点。
        /// </summary>
        [STAThread]
        static void Main()
        {
            #region 应用程序的主入口点
            try
            {
                bool flag;
                Mutex mutex = new Mutex(true, Application.ProductName, out flag);
                if (flag)
                {
                    path = string.Format("{0}{1}", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, @"/log/");
                    carListLog = string.Format("{0}{1}", AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, @"/carListLog/");

                    InsertLog();

                    //设置应用程序处理异常方式：ThreadException处理
                    Application.SetUnhandledExceptionMode(UnhandledExceptionMode.CatchException);
                    //处理UI线程异常
                    Application.ThreadException += new System.Threading.ThreadExceptionEventHandler(Application_ThreadException);
                    //处理非UI线程异常
                    AppDomain.CurrentDomain.UnhandledException += new UnhandledExceptionEventHandler(CurrentDomain_UnhandledException);

                    Application.EnableVisualStyles();
                    Application.SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false);

                    frm = new frWz();

                    Application.Run(frm);

                    //释放 System.Threading.Mutex 一次
                    mutex.ReleaseMutex();
                }
                else
                {
                    MessageBox.Show(null, "相同的程序已经在运行了,请不要同时运行多个程序!\n\n这个程序即将退出!", Application.ProductName, MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Warning);
                    Application.Exit();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                string str = "系统错误" + GetExceptionMsg(ex, string.Empty);
                tempLog.Enqueue(str);
            }
            #endregion
        }

        static void Application_ThreadException(object sender, System.Threading.ThreadExceptionEventArgs e)
        {
            string str = "系统错误" + GetExceptionMsg(e.Exception, e.ToString());
            tempLog.Enqueue(str);
        }

        static void CurrentDomain_UnhandledException(object sender, UnhandledExceptionEventArgs e)
        {
            string str = "系统错误" + GetExceptionMsg(e.ExceptionObject as Exception, e.ToString());
            tempLog.Enqueue(str);
        }

        public static string GetExceptionMsg(Exception ex, string backStr)
        {
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
            sb.AppendLine("****************************异常文本****************************");
            sb.AppendLine("【出现时间】：" + DateTime.Now.ToString());
            if (ex != null)
            {
                sb.AppendLine("【异常类型】：" + ex.GetType().Name);
                sb.AppendLine("【异常信息】：" + ex.Message);
                sb.AppendLine("【堆栈调用】：" + ex.StackTrace);
            }
            else
            {
                sb.AppendLine("【未处理异常】：" + backStr);
            }
            sb.AppendLine("***************************************************************");
            return sb.ToString();
        }

        public static void InsertLog()
        {
            ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(o =>
            {
                while (true)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        if (tempLog.Count > 0)
                        {
                            string errorMsg = tempLog.Dequeue();
                            Logging.GetInstance().WriteLog(errorMsg, path);
                            Logging.GetInstance().InsertNextDayStart(DateTime.Now.AddDays(frm.pushTime).ToString());
                            Thread.Sleep(30);
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            Thread.Sleep(30000);
                        }
                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        tempLog.Enqueue("系统错误" + GetExceptionMsg(ex as Exception, ex.ToString()));
                    }
                }
            });
        }
    }
}

配置文件：

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<configuration>
<startup>
    <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.0"/></startup>
    <appSettings>
        <!--路精灵所属单位ID配置 start-->
        <add key="holdID" value="1"/>
        <!--路精灵所属单位ID配置end-->

        <!--违章消息推送时间天数start (正整数)-->
        <add key="pushDay" value="14"/>
        <!--违章消息推送时间天数end (正整数)-->
        
        <!--违章消息推送几点启动start (正整数0-24)-->
        <add key="hourTime" value="6"/>
        <!--违章消息推送几点启动结束end (正整数)-->
        
        <!--违章消息URL start-->
        <add key="pushUrl" value="xxxx"/>
        <!--违章消息URL end-->

        <!--违章消息推送毫秒 (默认86400000 测试可调整修改)-->
        <add key="msecTime" value="86400000"/>
        <!--违章消息推送毫秒end (正整数)-->
    </appSettings>
    <connectionStrings>
        <!--数据库连接串开始-->
        <add name="ConnStr" connectionString="xxxxx"/>
        <!--数据库连接串结束-->        
    </connectionStrings>
</configuration>