django是一款MVT的框架
一、基本过程
1、创建项目：django-admin startproject 项目名称
2、编写配置文件settings.py（数据库配置、时区、后台管理中英文等）
3、创建应用：python manage.py startapp 应用名称
4、编写模型类：models.py
5、生成迁移文件： python manage.py makemigrations
6、执行迁移生成数据表： python manage.py migrate
7、后台管理：python manage.py createsuperuser
8、向admin注册模型（admin.py）：admin.site.register(模型类)
9、自定义管理界面
10、运行项目：python manage.py runserver 端口
二、实现
创建应用
python manage.py startapp booktest
urls.py是后天创建的
定义模型类
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class BookInfo(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32) time = models.DateTimeField() def get_title(self): return self.title get_title.short_description = "书名" class HeroInfo(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=32) book = models.ForeignKey(BookInfo, on_delete=models.CASCADE) def get_book(self): return self.book.title get_book.short_description = "书名"
说明：不需要定义主键列，在生成时会自动添加，并且值为自动增长
激活模型：编辑settings.py文件，将booktest应用加入到installed_apps中
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'booktest' ]
生成迁移文件：根据模型类生成sql语句
python manage.py makemigrations
migrations目录中
# Generated by Django 2.2.1 on 2019-06-09 01:49 from django.db import migrations, models import django.db.models.deletion class Migration(migrations.Migration): initial = True dependencies = [ ] operations = [ migrations.CreateModel( name='BookInfo', fields=[ ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), ('title', models.CharField(max_length=32)), ('time', models.DateTimeField()), ], ), migrations.CreateModel( name='HeroInfo', fields=[ ('id', models.AutoField(auto_created=True, primary_key=True, serialize=False, verbose_name='ID')), ('name', models.CharField(max_length=32)), ('book', models.ForeignKey(on_delete=django.db.models.deletion.CASCADE, to='booktest.BookInfo')), ], ), ]
执行迁移：执行sql语句生成数据表
python manage.py migrate
创建一个管理员用户
python manage.py createsuperuser，按提示输入用户名、邮箱、密码
编辑settings.py文件，设置编码、时区
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-Hans' TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
向admin注册booktest模块（admin.py）
from django.contrib import admin from .models import BookInfo, HeroInfo # Register your models here. class HeroInfoInline(admin.StackedInline): model = HeroInfo extra = 1 class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ['id', 'get_title', 'time'] inlines = [HeroInfoInline] admin.site.register(BookInfo, BookInfoAdmin) class HeroInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin): list_display = ['name', 'get_book'] admin.site.register(HeroInfo, HeroInfoAdmin)
URLConf配置（项目urls.py）
from django.contrib import admin from django.urls import path, include, re_path urlpatterns = [ path('admin/', admin.site.urls), re_path('^', include("booktest.urls")) ]
模块urls.py编写
from django.urls import path, re_path from .views import index urlpatterns = [ re_path("^$|index$", index) ]
创建模板
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>首页</title> </head> <body> <h1>首页</h1> </body> </html>
创建视图
from django.shortcuts import render # Create your views here. def index(request): return render(request, "booktest/index.html")
运行项目
python manage.py runserver ip:port
