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  • 1.4数据类型(dict)

    字典创建

    字典的键值对用冒号分割,每对之间用逗号分割,整个字典用花括号中,键值唯一,不可变,可以为字符串,数字或元祖。例如:

    >>> first_dict = {"abc":456,456:"hello",("love","python"):"loving"}

    字典访问

    将相应的键放入方括号里作为索引,例如

    >>> first_dict = {"abc":456,456:"hello",("love","python"):"loving"}

    >>> first_dict["abc"]

    456

    字典修改

    可以向字典添加新的键值对,修改键值,例如:

    >>> first_dict = {"abc":456,456:"hello",("love","python"):"loving"}

    >>>first_dict
    {456: 'hello', 'abc': 456, ('love', 'python'): 'loving'}

    >>> first_dict["abc"] = 123  #修改
    >>> first_dict
    {456: 'hello', 'abc': 123, ('love', 'python'): 'loving'}

    >>> first_dict["first"] = "time" #添加
    >>> first_dict
    {456: 'hello', 'abc': 123, 'first': 'time', ('love', 'python'): 'loving'}

    字典删除

    删除单一元素、清空字典、删除整个字典,例如:

    >>> test_dict = {"name" : "yangyang","age":26,"class":"first"}
    >>> del test_dict["class"]   #删除单一元素
    >>> test_dict
    {'age': 26, 'name': 'yangyang'}

    >>> first_dict.clear()  #清空字典
    >>> first_dict
    {}
    >>> del test_dict  #删除整个字典
    >>> test_dict

    Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<pyshell#20>", line 1, in <module>
    test_dict
    NameError: name 'test_dict' is not defined

    字典函数

    语法 描述 参数 返回 实例
    cmp(dict1,dict2) 比较两个字典元素

    dict1--比较字典

    dict2--比较字典

    dict1 > dict2:1

    dict1 < dict2:-1

    dict1 == dict2:0

    >>> dict1 = {"name" : "Zara","age" : 7}
    >>> dict2 = {"name" : "Mahnaz","age" : 27}
    >>> dict3 = {"name" : "Abid","age" : 27}
    >>> dict4 = {"name" : "Zara","age" : 7}
    >>> cmp(dict1,dict2)
    -1
    >>> cmp(dict2,dict3)
    1
    >>> cmp(dict1,dict4)
    0

    len(dict) 计算字典元素个数,即键总和 dict--需计算元素个数的字典 返回字典的元素个数

    >>> dict1 = {"name":"lulu","age":7}
    >>> dict1 = {"name" : "Zara","age" : 7}
    >>> len(dict1)
    2

    str(dict) 输出字典可打印的字符串表示 dict--需要转换成字符串的字典 返回字典被转换后的字典

    >>> dict1 = {"name" : "Zara","age" : 7}
    >>> str(dict1)
    "{'age': 7, 'name': 'Zara'}"

     字典方法

    语法 描述 参数 返回 实例
    dict.clear() 清除字典内所有元素

    >>> test_dict
    {'age': 27, 'name': 'yangyang'}
    >>> test_dict.clear()
    >>> test_dict
    {}

    dict.get(key,default=None) 返回指定键的值

    key--字典中要查找的键

    返回指定键的值

    >>> test_dict = {"name" : "yangyang","age" : 27}
    >>> test_dict.get("name")
    'yangyang'

    dict.has_key(key) 如果键在字典dict中返回true,否则则返回false key--字典中要查找的键 如果键在字典dict中返回true,否则则返回false

    >>> test_dict = {"name" : "yangyang","age" : 27}
    >>> test_dict.has_key("name")
    True
    >>> test_dict.has_key("class")
    False

    dict.items() 以列表的返回可遍历的(键,值)元祖数组 可遍历的(键,值)元祖数组

    >>> test_dict = {"name" : "yangyang","age" : 27}
    >>> test_dict.items()

    [('age', 27), ('name', 'yangyang')]
    dict.keys() 以列表形式返回所有的键值 以列表形式返回所有的键值

    >>> test_dict = {"name" : "yangyang","age" : 27}
    >>> test_dict.keys()
    ['age', 'name']

    dict.update(dict2) 将dict2中值更新到dict dict2--添加到指定dict里的字典 无返回值

    >>>test_dict = {"name" : "yangyang","age" : 27}

    >>> update_dict = {"class" : "first"}

    >>> test_dict.update(update_dic)
    >>> test_dict
    {'age': 27, 'name': 'yangyang', 'class': 'first'}

    dict.values() 返回字典中所有值 返回字典中所有值

    >>> test_dict = {"name" : "yangyang","age" : 27}

    >>> test_dict.values()
    [27, 'yangyang']

    pop() 删除字典中的一对键值 返回一个键值对(key,value)

    >>> test_dict = {"name" : "yangyang","age" : 27,"class" : "first"}
    >>> test_dict.popitem()
    ('age', 27)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yangyangchunchun/p/7284903.html
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