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四、keepalived的安装部署及配置文件详解

keepalived的安装部署及配置文件详解

一、实验环境

[root@inode1 ~]# uname -r
 3.10.0-862.el7.x86_64
[root@inode1 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release 
CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) 

keepalived安装版本：
keepalived-2.0.20.tar.gz

二、keepalived的安装

yum install -y keepalived

注意：keepalived与3.10的内核有兼容性问题，不建议源码安装

三、keepalived.conf详解

vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf

#全局定义块
global_defs {
   notification_email {   #指定keepalived在发生切换时需要发送email到的对象，一行一个;
     wgkgood@gmail.com    
   }    
   notification_email_from  root@localhost    #指定发件人
   smtp_server  mail.jfedu.net                   #指定smtp服务器地址
   smtp_connect_timeout 3                      #指定smtp连接超时时间
   router_id LVS_DEVEL                         #运行keepalived机器的标识,使用hostname
}    
#监控Nginx进程            
vrrp_script    chk_nginx  {    
  script "/data/script/nginx.sh"             #监控服务脚本，脚本x执行权限；
  interval 2                                   #检测时间间隔(执行脚本间隔)
  weight 2                                   #脚本条件成立，优先级+2（"-"为减）
}                
#VRRP实例定义块                
vrrp_sync_group VG_1{                       #监控多个网段的实例
  group {                 
    VI_1                                        #实例名
    VI_2    
  }    
  notify_master /data/sh/nginx.sh      #指定当切换到master时，执行的脚本（常用与挂载文件系统）
  notify_backup /data/sh/nginx.sh   #指定当切换到backup时，执行的脚本（常用与挂载文件系统）
  notify   /data/sh/nginx.sh                  #发生任何切换，均执行的脚本
  smtp_alert         #使用global_defs中提供的邮件地址和smtp服务器发送邮件通知（不常用）；
}        
vrrp_instance VI_1 {

inode1和inode2
yum install -y nginx

inode1
echo "www.inode1.com" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@inode1 ~]# curl 192.168.32.101
www.inode1.com
 
inode2
echo "www.inode2.com" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@inode4 ~]# curl 192.168.32.102
www.inode2.com

四、实战案例

1、部署keepalived+nginx高可用

实验环境

keepalived:
      inode1:192.168.32.101  master
      inode2:192.168.32.102  backup
nginx:
    inode1:192.168.32.101-----www.inode3.com
    inode2:192.168.32.102-----www.inode4.com

VIP地址：192.168.32.222

nginx部署

inode1和inode2
yum install -y nginx

inode1
echo "www.inode1.com" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@inode1 ~]# curl 192.168.32.101
www.inode1.com
 
inode2
echo "www.inode2.com" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html
[root@inode4 ~]# curl 192.168.32.102
www.inode2.com

keepalived部署

inode1和inode2
yum install -y keepalived

inode1 master的keepalived.conf文件

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id LVS_1
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx  {
    script "/server/sh/nginx_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_nginx
   }
}

inode2 backup的keepalived.conf文件

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id LVS_1
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx  {
    script "/server/sh/nginx_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_nginx
   }
}

nginx_status.sh

#!/bin/bash
if [ $(pidof nginx|wc -l) -eq 0 ];then
        systemctl stop keepalived.service
fi  

chomd o+x /server/sh/nginx_status.sh

启动keepalived

[root@inode1 sh]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 sh]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      12219      1  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12220  12219  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12221  12219  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12253   2016  0 06:29 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

[root@inode1 sh]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 sh]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      12219      1  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12220  12219  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12221  12219  0 06:29 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      12253   2016  0 06:29 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

查看VIP地址

[root@inode1 sh]# ip add list|grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0

访问192.168.32.222的页面

[root@inode1 sh]# curl 192.168.32.222
www.inode1.com

关闭inode1上的nginx

[root@inode1 sh]# nginx -s stop
[root@inode1 sh]# ip add list|grep 192.168.32.222
[root@inode1 sh]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      12688   2016  0 06:33 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

再次访问192.168.32.222的页面

[root@inode1 sh]# curl 192.168.32.222
www.inode2.com
页面内容为inode2的内容

在inode2上查看VIP

[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0

VIP地址已经漂移到了inode2上

重启inode1的nginx和keepalived

[root@inode1 sh]# nginx
[root@inode1 sh]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr |grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0

可以看下inode1上nginx和keepalived启动后，VIP有回到了inode1上，原因为，inode1上的keepalived的优先级高于inode2的优先级。

在一些情况下，由于业务的特殊需求，不要master抢占VIP。如下配置：

在inode1 master下配置

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_nginx  {
    script "/server/sh/nginx_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state BACKUP    #把state 该为BACKUP，因为不抢占只在BACKUP下有效   
    nopreempt       #不抢占
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_nginx
   }
}

关闭inode1上的nginx

[root@inode1 sh]# nginx -s stop
[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr |grep 192.168.32.222
[root@inode1 sh]# curl 192.168.32.222
 www.inode2.com
#VIP已经漂移到了inode2上

inode1重启nginx和keepalived

[root@inode1 sh]# nginx
[root@inode1 sh]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 sh]# curl 192.168.32.222
www.inode2.com
[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr |grep 192.168.32.222
#可以看到inode1没有抢占VIP

2、部署mysql主主+keepalived

实验环境：

client:
    inode3:192.168.32.103      
 
mysql：
    inode1:192.168.32.101
    inode2:192.168.32.102
 
keepalived：
   inode1:192.168.32.101
   inode2:192.168.32.102
 
VIP: 192.168.32.222

keepalived不抢占VIP

1、mysql部署

inode1和inode2
yum install -y mariadb mariadb-server mariadb-devel

2、mysql启动和初始化

inode1和inode2
systemctl start mariadb

3、修改my.cnf,在[mysqld]模块下添加log_bin和server_id两项，并重启mariadb

inode1

[mysqld]
log_bin=inode1-bin
server_id=101

inode2

[mysqld]
log_bin=inode2-bin
server_id=102

inode1和inode2

systemctl restart mariadb

部署mysql主主

inode1和indoe2

配置远程登陆账户和密码
mysql -uroot -e "grant all on *.* to "root"@'192.168.32.%' identified by '123456';"

配置主主
mysql -uroot -e "grant replication slave on *.* to "tongbu"@'192.168.32.%' identified by '123456';"

inode1主 inode2从

[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show master status;"
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 | File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 | inode1-bin.000001 |      535 |              |                  |
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

[root@inode2 sh]# mysql -uroot -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.32.101',MASTER_USER='tongbu',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE='inode1-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=535;"

inode2主 inode1从

[root@inode2 sh]# mysql -uroot -e "show master status;"
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 | File              | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
 | inode2-bin.000001 |      535 |              |                  |
 +-------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+

[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.32.102',MASTER_USER='tongbu',MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',MASTER_PORT=3306,MASTER_LOG_FILE='inode2-bin.000001',MASTER_LOG_POS=535;"

启动start slave inode1和inode2

mysql -uroot -e "start slave;"

查看主主

[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show slave statusG;"|awk /Running/
         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

[root@inode2 sh]# mysql -uroot -e "show slave statusG;"|awk /Running/
         Slave_IO_Running: Yes
        Slave_SQL_Running: Yes

4、keepalived部署

inode1和inode2
yum install -y keepalived

inode1 master的keepalived.conf文件

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql  {
    script "/server/sh/mysql_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}

inode2 backup的keepalived.conf文件

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql  {
    script "/server/sh/mysql_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}

mysql_status.sh

#!/bin/bash
NUM=$(ps -ef|grep mysql|grep -v grep|grep -v mysql_status.sh|wc -l)
if [ $NUM -eq 0 ];then
    systemctl stop keepalived
fi

chomd o+x /server/sh/mysql_status.sh

启动keepalived

systemctl start keepalived

[root@inode1 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode1 ~]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      13735      1  0 06:43 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      13736  13735  0 06:43 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      13737  13735  0 06:43 ?        00:00:01 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      17793   2016  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

[root@inode2 ~]# systemctl start keepalived
[root@inode2 ~]# ps -ef |grep keepalived
root      13735      1  0 06:43 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      13736  13735  0 06:43 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      13737  13735  0 06:43 ?        00:00:01 /usr/sbin/keepalived -D
root      17793   2016  0 07:21 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived

测试：

先查看inode1和inode2上的数据库

[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 +--------------------+

[root@inode2 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 +--------------------+

在inode3上可以使用VIP登陆mysql，并创建ywx数据库

[root@inode3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.32.222 -e "create database ywx charset=utf8;"

再次查看inode1和inode2上的数据库

[root@inode1 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases;"grep ywx
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+

[root@inode2 ~]# mysql -uroot -e "show databases;"grep ywx
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+

查看VIP地址

[root@inode2 ~]# ip addr list|grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0
#vip在inode2上

测试：

关闭indoe2上的数据库，再次在inode3上使用VIP查看数据ywx

[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|grep 192.168.32.222   
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0
[root@inode2 sh]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|grep 192.168.32.222   
[root@inode2 sh]# 

[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr list |grep 192.168.32.222
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0

[root@inode3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.32.222 -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+

inode3任然可以访问数据库

3、使用keepalived+mysql主主，配置2个VIP

要求：

VIP1：192.168.32.222
      inode1为master inode2为backup
VIP2: 192.168.32.223
      inode2为master inode1为backup

keepalived.conf配置如下：

indoe1:

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql  {
    script "/server/sh/mysql_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}

vrrp_instance VI_3 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 52
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.223
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}

indoe1:

! Configuration File for keepalived

global_defs {
    notification_email {
       yaowangxi@163.com
    }
    notification_email_from 1521684269@qq.com
    smtp_server 183.3.225.42
    #qq smtp_server ip
    smtp_connect_timeout 30
    router_id inode1
}

vrrp_script chk_mysql  {
    script "/server/sh/mysql_status.sh"
    interval 2
    weight 2                               
}

vrrp_instance VI_2 {
    state BACKUP
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 51
    priority 90
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.222
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}

vrrp_instance VI_4 {
    state MASTER
    interface eth0
    virtual_router_id 52
    priority 100
    advert_int 1
    authentication {
        auth_type PASS
        auth_pass 1111
    }

    virtual_ipaddress {
       192.168.32.223
    }

   track_script {
    chk_mysql
   }
}

查看VIP分布

[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr list |egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0

[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
inet 192.168.32.223/32 scope global eth0

在inode3上放为VIP1和VIP2

[root@inode3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.32.222 -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+
   
[root@inode3 ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456 -h 192.168.32.223 -e "show databases;"
 +--------------------+
 | Database           |
 +--------------------+
 | information_schema |
 | mysql              |
 | performance_schema |
 | ywx                |
 +--------------------+

关闭inode2上的mysql，VIP2会漂移到inode1上

[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
inet 192.168.32.223/32 scope global eth0
[root@inode2 sh]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@inode2 sh]# ip addr list|egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
[root@inode2 sh]# 

[root@inode1 sh]# ip addr list |egrep "192.168.32.22[2|3]"
inet 192.168.32.222/32 scope global eth0
inet 192.168.32.223/32 scope global eth0

I have a dream so I study hard!!!

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/yaokaka/p/13687371.html