架构师成长之路6.2 DNS 配置文件
- /etc/hosts 主机的一个文件列表 ，添加记录如:111.13.100.92 www.baidu.com
对于简单的主机名解析（点分表示法），默认在请求DNS或NIS网络域名服务器前，/etc/named.conf 通常会告诉程序先查看此文件。
- /etc/resolv.conf 转换程序配置文件
在配置程序请求BIND域名查询服务查询主机名时，必须告诉程序使用哪个域名服务器和IP地址来完成这个任务
- /etc/named.conf BIND主文件
设置一般的name参数，指向该服务器使用的域数据库的信息源
- /var/named/named.ca 根域名配置服务器指向文件
指向根域名配置服务器，用于告诉缓存服务器初始化
- /var/named/localhost.zone localhost区正向域名解析文件
用于将本地IP地址（127.0.0.1）转换为本地回送IP地址（127.0.0.1）
- /var/named/name.local localhost区反向域名解析文件
用于将localhost名字转换为本地回送IP地址（127.0.0.1）
- /etc/named.rfc1912.zones 区块设置文件
//
// named.conf
//
// Provided by Red Hat bind package to configure the ISC BIND named(8) DNS
// server as a caching only nameserver (as a localhost DNS resolver only).
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
// See the BIND Administrator's Reference Manual (ARM) for details about the
// configuration located in /usr/share/doc/bind-{version}/Bv9ARM.html
options {
listen-on port 53 { 127.0.0.1; };
listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; };
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
recursing-file "/var/named/data/named.recursing";
secroots-file "/var/named/data/named.secroots";
allow-query { localhost; };
/*
- If you are building an AUTHORITATIVE DNS server, do NOT enable recursion.
- If you are building a RECURSIVE (caching) DNS server, you need to enable recursion.
- If your recursive DNS server has a public IP address, you MUST enable access
control to limit queries to your legitimate users. Failing to do so will
cause your server to become part of large scale DNS amplification
attacks. Implementing BCP38 within your network would greatly
reduce such attack surface
*/
recursion yes;
dnssec-enable yes;
dnssec-validation yes;
/* Path to ISC DLV key */
bindkeys-file "/etc/named.iscdlv.key";
managed-keys-directory "/var/named/dynamic";
pid-file "/run/named/named.pid";
session-keyfile "/run/named/session.key";
};
logging {
channel default_debug {
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
include "/etc/named.rfc1912.zones";
include "/etc/named.root.key";
; <<>> DiG 9.9.4-RedHat-9.9.4-38.el7_3.2 <<>> +bufsize=1200 +norec @a.root-servers.net ; (2 servers found) ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 17380 ;; flags: qr aa; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 27 ;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION: ; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1472 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;. IN NS ;; ANSWER SECTION: . 518400 IN NS a.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS b.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS c.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS d.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS e.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS f.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS g.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS h.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS i.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS j.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS k.root-servers.net. . 518400 IN NS l.root-servers.net. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: a.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 198.41.0.4 a.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:503:ba3e::2:30 b.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 192.228.79.201 b.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:84::b c.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 192.33.4.12 c.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:2::c d.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 199.7.91.13 d.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:2d::d e.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 192.203.230.10 e.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:a8::e f.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 192.5.5.241 f.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:2f::f g.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 192.112.36.4 g.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:12::d0d h.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 198.97.190.53 h.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:1::53 i.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 192.36.148.17 i.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:7fe::53 j.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 192.58.128.30 j.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:503:c27::2:30 k.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 193.0.14.129 k.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:7fd::1 l.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 199.7.83.42 l.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:500:9f::42 m.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN A 202.12.27.33 m.root-servers.net. 3600000 IN AAAA 2001:dc3::35 ;; Query time: 18 msec ;; SERVER: 198.41.0.4#53(198.41.0.4) ;; WHEN: Po kvě 22 10:14:44 CEST 2017 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 811
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