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  • Java并发编程:Java的四种线程池的使用,以及自定义线程工厂

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    引言

    通过前面的文章,我们学习了Executor框架中的核心类ThreadPoolExecutor ,对于线程池的核心调度机制有了一定的了解,并且成功使用ThreadPoolExecutor 创建了线程池。

    而在Java中,除了ThreadPoolExecutor ,Executor框架中还提供了四种线程池,这四种线程池都是直接或间接配置ThreadPoolExecutor的参数实现的,对于ThreadPoolExecutor类不熟悉的读者可以参考Java并发编程:Java线程池核心ThreadPoolExecutor的使用和原理分析

    四种线程池

    四种线程池分别是:newCachedThreadPool、newFixedThreadPool 、newScheduledThreadPool 和newSingleThreadExecutor ,下面对这几个线程池一一讲解。

    newCachedThreadPool:可缓存的线程池

    源码:

    public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool() {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                      60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                      new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>());
    }
    

    newCachedThreadPool的方法中是返回一个ThreadPoolExecutor实例,从源码中可以看出该线程池的特点:

    1、该线程池的核心线程数量是0,线程的数量最高可以达到Integer 类型最大值;

    2、创建ThreadPoolExecutor实例时传过去的参数是一个SynchronousQueue实例,说明在创建任务时,若存在空闲线程就复用它,没有的话再新建线程。

    3、线程处于闲置状态超过60s的话,就会被销毁。

    用法:

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    	//定义ExecutorService实例
        ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            final int index = i;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    		//调用execute方法
            cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + ":" + index);
                }
            });
        }
    }
    

    上面的代码因为每次循环都是隔一秒执行,这个时间足够之前的线程工作完毕,并在新循环中复用这个线程,程序的运行结果如下:

    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:0
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:1
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:2
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:3
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:4
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:5
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:6
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:7
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:8
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:9
    

    newFixedThreadPool:定长线程池

    源码:

    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                      0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                      new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>());
    }
    

    线程池特点:

    1、线程池的最大线程数等于核心线程数,并且线程池的线程不会因为闲置超时被销毁。

    2、使用的列队是LinkedBlockingQueue,表示如果当前线程数小于核心线程数,那么即使有空闲线程也不会复用线程去执行任务,而是创建新的线程去执行任务。如果当前执行任务数量大于核心线程数,此时再提交任务就在队列中等待,直到有可用线程。

    用法:

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService cachedThreadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            final int index = i;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(index * 1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
    
            cachedThreadPool.execute(new Runnable() {
                @Override
                public void run() {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + ":" + index);
                }
            });
        }
    }
    

    定义一个线程数为3的线程池,循环10次执行,可以发现运行的线程永远只有三个,结果如下:

    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:0
    Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]:1
    Thread[pool-1-thread-3,5,main]:2
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:3
    Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]:4
    Thread[pool-1-thread-3,5,main]:5
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:6
    Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]:7
    Thread[pool-1-thread-3,5,main]:8
    Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]:9
    

    newSingleThreadExecutor:单线程线程池

    源码:

    public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor() {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>()));
    }
    

    从源码就可以看出,该线程池基本就是只有一个线程数的newFixedThreadPool,它只有一个线程在工作,所有任务按照指定顺序执行。

    用法:

    和newFixedThreadPool类似,只是一直只有一个线程在工作,这里就不贴代码了。

    newScheduledThreadPool:支持定时的定长线程池

    源码:

    public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(int corePoolSize) {
        return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize);
    }
    
    public ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize) {
            super(corePoolSize, Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, NANOSECONDS,
                  new DelayedWorkQueue());
    }
    public ThreadPoolExecutor(int corePoolSize,
                                  int maximumPoolSize,
                                  long keepAliveTime,
                                  TimeUnit unit,
                                  BlockingQueue<Runnable> workQueue) {
            this(corePoolSize, maximumPoolSize, keepAliveTime, unit, workQueue,
                 Executors.defaultThreadFactory(), defaultHandler);
        }
    

    newScheduledThreadPool的方法不是直接返回一个ThreadPoolExecutor实例,而是通过有定时功能的ThreadPoolExecutor,也就是ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor 来返回ThreadPoolExecutor实例,从源码中可以看出:

    1、该线程池可以设置核心线程数量,最大线程数与newCachedThreadPool一样,都是Integer.MAX_VALUE。

    2、该线程池采用的队列是DelayedWorkQueue,具有延迟和定时的作用。

    用法:

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService scheduledThreadPool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3);
    
        //延迟3秒执行,只执行一次
        ((ScheduledExecutorService) scheduledThreadPool).schedule(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("延迟========");
            }
        },3,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    
        //延迟1秒后每隔两秒执行一次
        ((ScheduledExecutorService) scheduledThreadPool).scheduleAtFixedRate(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                System.out.println("执行============");
            }
        },1,2,TimeUnit.SECONDS);            //单位是秒
    }
    

    自定义ThreadFactory

    四种线程池的使用就说到这里了,值得说明的是,除了上面的参数外,Executors类中还给这四种线程池提供了可传ThreadFactory的重载方法,以下是它们的源码:

    public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutor(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
        return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
            (new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
                                    0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                    new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
                                    threadFactory));
    }
    public static ExecutorService newCachedThreadPool(ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
        return new ThreadPoolExecutor(0, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
                                    60L, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
                                    new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(),
                                    threadFactory);
    }
    public static ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool(
    				int corePoolSize, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
    	return new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(corePoolSize, threadFactory);
    }
    public static ExecutorService newFixedThreadPool(int nThreads, ThreadFactory threadFactory) {
            return new ThreadPoolExecutor(nThreads, nThreads,
                                          0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                                          new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>(),
                                          threadFactory);
    }    
    

    ThreadFactory是一个接口类,也就是我们经常说的线程工厂,只有一个方法,可以用于创建线程:

    Thread newThread(Runnable r);
    

    默认情况下,ThreadPoolExecutor构造器传入的ThreadFactory 参数是Executors类中的defaultThreadFactory(),相当于一个线程工厂,帮我们创建了线程池中所需的线程。

    除此之外,我们也可以自定义ThreadFactory,并根据自己的需要来操作线程,下面是实例代码:

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService service = new ThreadPoolExecutor(5, 5, 0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
                new SynchronousQueue<Runnable>(), new ThreadFactory() {
            @Override
            public Thread newThread(Runnable r) {
                Thread t = new Thread(r);
                System.out.println("我是线程" + r);
                return t;
            }
        }
        );
        //用lambda表达式编写方法体中的逻辑
        Runnable run = () -> {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(1000);
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "正在执行");
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        };
        for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
            service.submit(run);
        }
        //这里一定要做关闭
        service.shutdown();
    }
    

    运行代码后,控制行会输出五行 “我是线程java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor。。。。。”的信息,也证明了我们自定义的ThreadFactory起到了作用。

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yeya/p/10232808.html
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