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  • Spring Cloud Gateway重试机制

    前言

    重试,我相信大家并不陌生。在我们调用Http接口的时候,总会因为某种原因调用失败,这个时候我们可以通过重试的方式,来重新请求接口。

    生活中这样的事例很多,比如打电话,对方正在通话中啊,信号不好啊等等原因,你总会打不通,当你第一次没打通之后,你会打第二次,第三次...第四次就通了。

    重试也要注意应用场景,读数据的接口比较适合重试的场景,写数据的接口就需要注意接口的幂等性了。还有就是重试次数如果太多的话会导致请求量加倍,给后端造成更大的压力,设置合理的重试机制才是最关键的。

    今天我们来简单的了解下Spring Cloud Gateway中的重试机制和使用。

    使用讲解

    RetryGatewayFilter是Spring Cloud Gateway对请求重试提供的一个GatewayFilter Factory。

    配置方式:

    spring:
      cloud:
        gateway:
          routes:
          - id: fsh-house
            uri: lb://fsh-house
            predicates:
            - Path=/house/**
            filters:
            - name: Retry
              args:
               retries: 3
               series:
                - SERVER_ERROR
               statuses:
                - OK
               methods:
                - GET
                - POST
               exceptions:
                - java.io.IOException
    

    配置讲解

    配置类源码org.springframework.cloud.gateway.filter.factory.RetryGatewayFilterFactory.RetryConfig:

    public static class RetryConfig {
        private int retries = 3;
    		
        private List<Series> series = toList(Series.SERVER_ERROR);
    		
        private List<HttpStatus> statuses = new ArrayList<>();
    		
        private List<HttpMethod> methods = toList(HttpMethod.GET);
    
        private List<Class<? extends Throwable>> exceptions = toList(IOException.class);
            
        // .....
    }
    
    • retries:重试次数,默认值是3次
    • series:状态码配置(分段),符合的某段状态码才会进行重试逻辑,默认值是SERVER_ERROR,值是5,也就是5XX(5开头的状态码),共有5个值:
    public enum Series {
        INFORMATIONAL(1),
        SUCCESSFUL(2),
        REDIRECTION(3),
        CLIENT_ERROR(4),
        SERVER_ERROR(5);
    }
    
    • statuses:状态码配置,和series不同的是这边是具体状态码的配置,取值请参考:org.springframework.http.HttpStatus
    • methods:指定哪些方法的请求需要进行重试逻辑,默认值是GET方法,取值如下:
    public enum HttpMethod {
    	GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, OPTIONS, TRACE;
    }
    
    • exceptions:指定哪些异常需要进行重试逻辑,默认值是java.io.IOException

    代码测试

    就写个接口,在接口中记录请求次数,然后抛出一个异常模拟500,通过网关访问这个接口,如果你配置了重试次数是3,那么接口中会输出4次结果才是对的,证明重试生效了。

    AtomicInteger ac = new AtomicInteger();
    
    @GetMapping("/data")
    public HouseInfo getData(@RequestParam("name") String name) {
    	if (StringUtils.isBlank(name)) {
    		throw new RuntimeException("error");
    	}
    	System.err.println(ac.addAndGet(1));
    	return new HouseInfo(1L, "上海", "虹口", "XX小区");
    }
    

    更多Spring Cloud代码尽在:https://github.com/yinjihuan/spring-cloud

    源码欣赏

        @Override
    	public GatewayFilter apply(RetryConfig retryConfig) {
            // 验证重试配置格式是否正确
    		retryConfig.validate();
    
    		Repeat<ServerWebExchange> statusCodeRepeat = null;
    		if (!retryConfig.getStatuses().isEmpty() || !retryConfig.getSeries().isEmpty()) {
    			Predicate<RepeatContext<ServerWebExchange>> repeatPredicate = context -> {
    				ServerWebExchange exchange = context.applicationContext();
                    // 判断重试次数是否已经达到了配置的最大值
    				if (exceedsMaxIterations(exchange, retryConfig)) {
    					return false;
    				}
                    // 获取响应的状态码
    				HttpStatus statusCode = exchange.getResponse().getStatusCode();
                    // 获取请求方法类型
    				HttpMethod httpMethod = exchange.getRequest().getMethod();
                    // 判断响应状态码是否在配置中存在
    				boolean retryableStatusCode = retryConfig.getStatuses().contains(statusCode);
    
    				if (!retryableStatusCode && statusCode != null) { // null status code might mean a network exception?
    					// try the series
    					retryableStatusCode = retryConfig.getSeries().stream()
    							.anyMatch(series -> statusCode.series().equals(series));
    				}
                    // 判断方法是否包含在配置中
    				boolean retryableMethod = retryConfig.getMethods().contains(httpMethod);
                    // 决定是否要进行重试
    				return retryableMethod && retryableStatusCode;
    			};
    
    			statusCodeRepeat = Repeat.onlyIf(repeatPredicate)
    					.doOnRepeat(context -> reset(context.applicationContext()));
    		}
    
    		//TODO: support timeout, backoff, jitter, etc... in Builder
    
    		Retry<ServerWebExchange> exceptionRetry = null;
    		if (!retryConfig.getExceptions().isEmpty()) {
    			Predicate<RetryContext<ServerWebExchange>> retryContextPredicate = context -> {
    				if (exceedsMaxIterations(context.applicationContext(), retryConfig)) {
    					return false;
    				}
                    // 异常判断
    				for (Class<? extends Throwable> clazz : retryConfig.getExceptions()) {             
    					if (clazz.isInstance(context.exception())) {
    						return true;
    					}
    				}
    				return false;
    			};
                // 使用reactor extra的retry组件
    			exceptionRetry = Retry.onlyIf(retryContextPredicate)
    					.doOnRetry(context -> reset(context.applicationContext()))
    					.retryMax(retryConfig.getRetries());
    		}
    
    
    		return apply(statusCodeRepeat, exceptionRetry);
    	}
    
    	public boolean exceedsMaxIterations(ServerWebExchange exchange, RetryConfig retryConfig) {
    		Integer iteration = exchange.getAttribute(RETRY_ITERATION_KEY);
    
    		//TODO: deal with null iteration
    		return iteration != null && iteration >= retryConfig.getRetries();
    	}
    
    	public void reset(ServerWebExchange exchange) {
    		//TODO: what else to do to reset SWE?
    		exchange.getAttributes().remove(ServerWebExchangeUtils.GATEWAY_ALREADY_ROUTED_ATTR);
    	}
    
    	public GatewayFilter apply(Repeat<ServerWebExchange> repeat, Retry<ServerWebExchange> retry) {
    		return (exchange, chain) -> {
    			if (log.isTraceEnabled()) {
    				log.trace("Entering retry-filter");
    			}
    
    			// chain.filter returns a Mono<Void>
                Publisher<Void> publisher = chain.filter(exchange)
                        //.log("retry-filter", Level.INFO)
                        .doOnSuccessOrError((aVoid, throwable) -> {
                            // 获取已经重试的次数,默认值为-1
                            int iteration = exchange.getAttributeOrDefault(RETRY_ITERATION_KEY, -1);
                            // 增加重试次数
                            exchange.getAttributes().put(RETRY_ITERATION_KEY, iteration + 1);
                        });
    
                if (retry != null) {
    				// retryWhen returns a Mono<Void>
    				// retry needs to go before repeat
    				publisher = ((Mono<Void>)publisher).retryWhen(retry.withApplicationContext(exchange));
    			}
    			if (repeat != null) {
                	// repeatWhen returns a Flux<Void>
    				// so this needs to be last and the variable a Publisher<Void>
    				publisher = ((Mono<Void>)publisher).repeatWhen(repeat.withApplicationContext(exchange));
    			}
    
                return Mono.fromDirect(publisher);
    		};
    	}
    
    

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yinjihuan/p/10508857.html
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