Linux操作系统故障排除之Grub信息被删除
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 10240 00000000 eb 48 90 10 8e d0 bc 00 b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0 |.H..............| 00000010 fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9 00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00 |...|.........!..| 00000020 00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b 83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75 |....8.u........u| 00000030 f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb 00 7c b2 80 8a 74 03 02 |.........|...t..| 00000040 80 00 00 80 fe 49 08 00 00 08 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |.....I..........| 00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......| 00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80 |. ..@|<.t...R...| 00000070 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55 |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U| 00000080 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66 |.uC.A|..u....t7f| 00000090 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 |.L...|.D..f..D|.| 000000a0 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 |....D...f...D..| 000000b0 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 |pf1..D.f.D..B..r| 000000c0 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f |...p.}....s.....| 000000d0 84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 |........|.D..f1.| 000000e0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 |..@f.D.1........| 000000f0 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 |..@.D.1......f..| 00000100 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.| 00000110 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.| 00000120 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a |T.....L......l.Z| 00000130 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72 |.t...p..1......r| 00000140 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 |*....H|`......1.| 00000150 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40 |1.....a.&B|..}.@| 00000160 00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38 00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30 |.....}.8.....}.0| 00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G| 00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re| 00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......| 000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........| 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 76 d2 09 00 00 00 80 20 |........v...... | 000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........| 000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00002800 [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
一.模拟故障
1>.查看分区信息
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root 50G 3.6G 44G 8% / tmpfs 1.9G 228K 1.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 41M 411M 9% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_home 439G 71M 417G 1% /home /dev/sr0 3.8G 3.8G 0 100% /media/CentOS_6.10_Final [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
2>.查看grub分区
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512 00000000 eb 48 90 10 8e d0 bc 00 b0 b8 00 00 8e d8 8e c0 |.H..............| 00000010 fb be 00 7c bf 00 06 b9 00 02 f3 a4 ea 21 06 00 |...|.........!..| 00000020 00 be be 07 38 04 75 0b 83 c6 10 81 fe fe 07 75 |....8.u........u| 00000030 f3 eb 16 b4 02 b0 01 bb 00 7c b2 80 8a 74 03 02 |.........|...t..| 00000040 80 00 00 80 fe 49 08 00 00 08 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |.....I..........| 00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......| 00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80 |. ..@|<.t...R...| 00000070 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55 |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U| 00000080 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66 |.uC.A|..u....t7f| 00000090 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 |.L...|.D..f..D|.| 000000a0 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 |....D...f...D..| 000000b0 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 |pf1..D.f.D..B..r| 000000c0 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f |...p.}....s.....| 000000d0 84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 |........|.D..f1.| 000000e0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 |..@f.D.1........| 000000f0 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 |..@.D.1......f..| 00000100 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.| 00000110 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.| 00000120 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a |T.....L......l.Z| 00000130 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72 |.t...p..1......r| 00000140 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 |*....H|`......1.| 00000150 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40 |1.....a.&B|..}.@| 00000160 00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38 00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30 |.....}.8.....}.0| 00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G| 00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re| 00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......| 000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........| 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 76 d2 09 00 00 00 80 20 |........v...... | 000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........| 000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
3>.删除grub信息并重启操作系统
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=446 446+0 records in 446+0 records out 446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.000656519 s, 679 kB/s [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... | 000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........| 000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie (/dev/pts/0) at 20:41 ... The system is going down for reboot NOW! [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
4>.发现操作系统无法正常启动，直接进入光盘界面了(本来优先从硬盘启动，结果发现MBR分区信息全为0，因此认为硬盘没有启动功能，直接读取光盘信息)
二.通过光盘修复故障
1>.选择救援模式(Rescue installed system)
2>.语言选择"English"，默认即可
3>.键盘选择"us"，默认即可
4>.不启用网络接口(咱们现在是维护模式)
5>.选择continue
6>.选择"ok"
7>.继续选择"ok"
8>.按回车即可进入bash环境
9>.切换根并尝试修复grub信息
10>.grub修复成功后，别忘记同步一下信息
11>.连续输入两个exit
12>.选择重启操作系统
13>.启动成功
三.通过grub命令修复
1>.备份grub分区
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# dd if=/dev/sda of=/root/mbr bs=1 count=512 #如果生产环境中你有两台电脑操作系统分区是一样的，你可以拿另一台grub分区来还原。 512+0 records in 512+0 records out 512 bytes (512 B) copied, 0.00105919 s, 483 kB/s [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /root/mbr -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 Dec 2 21:13 /root/mbr [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
2>.清空grub信息
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512 00000000 eb 48 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.H..............| 00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 02 |................| 00000040 ff 00 00 20 01 00 00 00 00 02 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |... ............| 00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......| 00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80 |. ..@|<.t...R...| 00000070 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55 |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U| 00000080 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66 |.uC.A|..u....t7f| 00000090 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 |.L...|.D..f..D|.| 000000a0 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 |....D...f...D..| 000000b0 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 |pf1..D.f.D..B..r| 000000c0 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f |...p.}....s.....| 000000d0 84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 |........|.D..f1.| 000000e0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 |..@f.D.1........| 000000f0 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 |..@.D.1......f..| 00000100 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.| 00000110 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.| 00000120 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a |T.....L......l.Z| 00000130 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72 |.t...p..1......r| 00000140 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 |*....H|`......1.| 00000150 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40 |1.....a.&B|..}.@| 00000160 00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38 00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30 |.....}.8.....}.0| 00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G| 00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re| 00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......| 000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........| 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... | 000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........| 000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=446 446+0 records in 446+0 records out 446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.00113958 s, 391 kB/s [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... | 000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........| 000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
3>.使用grub命令修复grub分区
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root 50G 3.6G 44G 8% / tmpfs 1.9G 72K 1.9G 1% /dev/shm /dev/sda1 477M 41M 411M 9% /boot /dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_home 439G 71M 417G 1% /home [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/ #grub分区依赖于该目录中的文件，若这些文件不存在则无法通过grub分区修复(你可以将他们暂时移动到别的目录，执行下面的grub命令相关的操作就会修复失败) total 274 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 63 Dec 1 07:34 device.map -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13428 Dec 3 2019 e2fs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12636 Dec 3 2019 fat_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11780 Dec 3 2019 ffs_stage1_5 -rw-------. 1 root root 839 Dec 1 07:36 grub.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11772 Dec 3 2019 iso9660_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13284 Dec 3 2019 jfs_stage1_5 lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 11 Dec 1 07:34 menu.lst -> ./grub.conf -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11972 Dec 3 2019 minix_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 14428 Dec 3 2019 reiserfs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1341 Nov 15 2010 splash.xpm.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 512 Dec 3 2019 stage1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 126148 Dec 3 2019 stage2 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12040 Dec 3 2019 ufs2_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 11380 Dec 3 2019 vstafs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 13980 Dec 3 2019 xfs_stage1_5 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# grub Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory) [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible completions of a device/filename.] grub> root (hd0,0) root (hd0,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83 grub> grub> setup (hd0) setup (hd0) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... yes Checking if "/grub/stage2" exists... yes Checking if "/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes Running "embed /grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd0)"... 27 sectors are embedded. succeeded Running "install /grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0)1+27 p (hd0,0)/grub/stage2 /grub/grub.conf"... succeeded Done. grub> grub> quit quit [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
4>.grub-install比grub命令要好使(因为它不依赖于文件)
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda bs=1 count=446 446+0 records in 446+0 records out 446 bytes (446 B) copied, 0.000762872 s, 585 kB/s [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... | 000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........| 000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# mkdir /data [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /boot/grub/* /data/ [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# grub Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory) [ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible completions of a device/filename.] grub> root (hd0,0) root (hd0,0) Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83 grub> grub> setup (hd0) setup (hd0) Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... no Checking if "/grub/stage1" exists... no Error 15t: File not found #这里报错啦~ grub> grub> quit quit [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512 #很明显通过grub命令修复失败了 00000000 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... | 000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........| 000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/ total 0 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# grub-install /dev/sda #使用grub-install命令进行修复 Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. Installation finished. No error reported. This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map. Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect, fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'. (fd0) /dev/fd0 (hd0) /dev/sda [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 512 00000000 eb 48 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.H..............| 00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 02 |................| 00000040 ff 00 00 20 01 00 00 00 00 02 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |... ............| 00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......| 00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80 |. ..@|<.t...R...| 00000070 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55 |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U| 00000080 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66 |.uC.A|..u....t7f| 00000090 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 |.L...|.D..f..D|.| 000000a0 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 |....D...f...D..| 000000b0 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 |pf1..D.f.D..B..r| 000000c0 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f |...p.}....s.....| 000000d0 84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 |........|.D..f1.| 000000e0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 |..@f.D.1........| 000000f0 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 |..@.D.1......f..| 00000100 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.| 00000110 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.| 00000120 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a |T.....L......l.Z| 00000130 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72 |.t...p..1......r| 00000140 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 |*....H|`......1.| 00000150 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40 |1.....a.&B|..}.@| 00000160 00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38 00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30 |.....}.8.....}.0| 00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G| 00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re| 00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......| 000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........| 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... | 000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........| 000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/ #我们发现grub-install命令不仅仅是修复grub分区，还会自动把1.5 stage的文件自动成了啦~ total 255 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30 Dec 2 21:26 device.map -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13428 Dec 2 21:26 e2fs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12636 Dec 2 21:26 fat_stage1_5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11780 Dec 2 21:26 ffs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11772 Dec 2 21:26 iso9660_stage1_5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13284 Dec 2 21:26 jfs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11972 Dec 2 21:26 minix_stage1_5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14428 Dec 2 21:26 reiserfs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 512 Dec 2 21:26 stage1 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 126148 Dec 2 21:26 stage2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12040 Dec 2 21:26 ufs2_stage1_5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 11380 Dec 2 21:26 vstafs_stage1_5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13980 Dec 2 21:26 xfs_stage1_5 [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# hexdump -C /dev/sda -n 10240 00000000 eb 48 90 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |.H..............| 00000010 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000030 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 02 |................| 00000040 ff 00 00 20 01 00 00 00 00 02 fa 90 90 f6 c2 80 |... ............| 00000050 75 02 b2 80 ea 59 7c 00 00 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 bc |u....Y|..1......| 00000060 00 20 fb a0 40 7c 3c ff 74 02 88 c2 52 f6 c2 80 |. ..@|<.t...R...| 00000070 74 54 b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 5a 52 72 49 81 fb 55 |tT.A..U..ZRrI..U| 00000080 aa 75 43 a0 41 7c 84 c0 75 05 83 e1 01 74 37 66 |.uC.A|..u....t7f| 00000090 8b 4c 10 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 01 66 8b 1e 44 7c c7 |.L...|.D..f..D|.| 000000a0 04 10 00 c7 44 02 01 00 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 |....D...f...D..| 000000b0 70 66 31 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 72 |pf1..D.f.D..B..r| 000000c0 05 bb 00 70 eb 7d b4 08 cd 13 73 0a f6 c2 80 0f |...p.}....s.....| 000000d0 84 f0 00 e9 8d 00 be 05 7c c6 44 ff 00 66 31 c0 |........|.D..f1.| 000000e0 88 f0 40 66 89 44 04 31 d2 88 ca c1 e2 02 88 e8 |..@f.D.1........| 000000f0 88 f4 40 89 44 08 31 c0 88 d0 c0 e8 02 66 89 04 |..@.D.1......f..| 00000100 66 a1 44 7c 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 0a 66 31 d2 |f.D|f1.f.4.T.f1.| 00000110 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 08 7d 3c 8a |f.t..T..D.;D.}<.| 00000120 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a |T.....L......l.Z| 00000130 8a 74 0b bb 00 70 8e c3 31 db b8 01 02 cd 13 72 |.t...p..1......r| 00000140 2a 8c c3 8e 06 48 7c 60 1e b9 00 01 8e db 31 f6 |*....H|`......1.| 00000150 31 ff fc f3 a5 1f 61 ff 26 42 7c be 7f 7d e8 40 |1.....a.&B|..}.@| 00000160 00 eb 0e be 84 7d e8 38 00 eb 06 be 8e 7d e8 30 |.....}.8.....}.0| 00000170 00 be 93 7d e8 2a 00 eb fe 47 52 55 42 20 00 47 |...}.*...GRUB .G| 00000180 65 6f 6d 00 48 61 72 64 20 44 69 73 6b 00 52 65 |eom.Hard Disk.Re| 00000190 61 64 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd |ad. Error.......| 000001a0 10 ac 3c 00 75 f4 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........| 000001b0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 80 20 |............... | 000001c0 21 00 83 dd 1e 3f 00 08 00 00 00 a0 0f 00 00 dd |!....?..........| 000001d0 1f 3f 8e fe ff ff 00 a8 0f 00 00 58 70 3e 00 00 |.?.........Xp>..| 000001e0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 000001f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 55 aa |..............U.| 00000200 52 56 5e bf f8 21 66 8b 2d 83 7d 04 00 0f 84 c4 |RV^..!f.-.}.....| 00000210 00 80 7c ff 00 74 3e 66 8b 1d 66 31 c0 b0 7f 39 |..|..t>f..f1...9| 00000220 45 04 7f 03 8b 45 04 29 45 04 66 01 05 c7 04 10 |E....E.)E.f.....| 00000230 00 89 44 02 66 89 5c 08 c7 44 06 00 70 50 66 31 |..D.f...D..pPf1| 00000240 c0 89 44 04 66 89 44 0c b4 42 cd 13 0f 82 93 00 |..D.f.D..B......| 00000250 bb 00 70 eb 56 66 8b 05 66 31 d2 66 f7 34 88 54 |..p.Vf..f1.f.4.T| 00000260 0a 66 31 d2 66 f7 74 04 88 54 0b 89 44 0c 3b 44 |.f1.f.t..T..D.;D| 00000270 08 7d 68 8b 04 2a 44 0a 39 45 04 7f 03 8b 45 04 |.}h..*D.9E....E.| 00000280 29 45 04 66 01 05 8a 54 0d c0 e2 06 8a 4c 0a fe |)E.f...T.....L..| 00000290 c1 08 d1 8a 6c 0c 5a 52 8a 74 0b 50 bb 00 70 8e |....l.ZR.t.P..p.| 000002a0 c3 31 db b4 02 cd 13 72 3a 8c c3 8e 45 06 58 c1 |.1.....r:...E.X.| 000002b0 e0 05 01 45 06 60 1e c1 e0 04 89 c1 31 ff 31 f6 |...E.`......1.1.| 000002c0 8e db fc f3 a4 1f 61 83 7d 04 00 0f 85 42 ff 83 |......a.}....B..| 000002d0 ef 08 e9 34 ff 5a ea 00 22 00 00 be 07 21 e8 3f |...4.Z.."....!.?| 000002e0 00 eb 06 be 0c 21 e8 37 00 be 11 21 e8 31 00 eb |.....!.7...!.1..| 000002f0 fe 4c 6f 61 64 69 6e 67 20 73 74 61 67 65 31 2e |.Loading stage1.| 00000300 35 00 2e 00 0d 0a 00 47 65 6f 6d 00 52 65 61 64 |5......Geom.Read| 00000310 00 20 45 72 72 6f 72 00 bb 01 00 b4 0e cd 10 46 |. Error........F| 00000320 8a 04 3c 00 75 f2 c3 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |..<.u...........| 00000330 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 000003f0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 1a 00 20 02 |.............. .| 00000400 ea 70 22 00 00 00 03 02 ff ff ff 00 00 00 00 00 |.p".............| 00000410 02 00 30 2e 39 37 00 ff ff 00 ff 2f 67 72 75 62 |..0.97...../grub| 00000420 2f 73 74 61 67 65 32 20 2f 67 72 75 62 2f 67 72 |/stage2 /grub/gr| 00000430 75 62 2e 63 6f 6e 66 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |ub.conf.........| 00000440 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| * 00000470 fa 31 c0 8e d8 8e d0 8e c0 67 66 89 2d fc 24 00 |.1.......gf.-.$.| 00000480 00 66 bd f0 1f 00 00 66 89 ec fb 67 88 15 f8 24 |.f.....f...g...$| 00000490 00 00 cd 13 66 e8 61 00 00 00 bf 74 54 00 00 b9 |....f.a....tT...| 000004a0 28 55 00 00 29 f9 30 c0 fc f3 aa e8 98 02 00 00 |(U..).0.........| 000004b0 e8 8c 00 00 00 f4 e9 fa ff ff ff 8b 44 24 08 a3 |............D$..| 000004c0 00 25 00 00 89 c3 66 8b 44 24 04 66 a3 04 25 00 |.%....f.D$.f..%.| 000004d0 00 c1 e0 04 01 c3 a1 24 55 00 00 89 83 08 00 00 |.......$U.......| 000004e0 00 8a 15 64 54 00 00 8b 4c 24 0c e8 51 00 00 00 |...dT...L$..Q...| 000004f0 66 89 cd 67 66 ff 2d 00 25 00 00 fa 67 66 0f 01 |f..gf.-.%...gf..| 00000500 15 40 25 00 00 0f 20 c0 66 83 c8 01 0f 22 c0 66 |.@%... .f....".f| 00000510 ea 17 23 00 00 08 00 66 b8 10 00 8e d8 8e c0 8e |..#....f........| 00000520 e0 8e e8 8e d0 8b 04 24 a3 f0 1f 00 00 a1 f4 24 |.......$.......$| 00000530 00 00 89 c4 89 c5 a1 f0 1f 00 00 89 04 24 31 c0 |.............$1.| 00000540 c3 0f 01 15 40 25 00 00 89 e0 a3 f4 24 00 00 8b |....@%......$...| 00000550 04 24 a3 f0 1f 00 00 b8 f0 1f 00 00 89 c4 89 c5 |.$..............| 00000560 66 b8 20 00 8e d8 8e c0 8e e0 8e e8 8e d0 ea 75 |f. ............u| 00000570 23 00 00 18 00 0f 20 c0 66 83 e0 fe 0f 22 c0 66 |#..... .f....".f| 00000580 ea 87 23 00 00 00 00 66 31 c0 8e d8 8e c0 8e e0 |..#....f1.......| 00000590 8e e8 8e d0 fb 66 c3 55 89 e5 56 53 8b 45 10 66 |.....f.U..VS.E.f| 000005a0 89 c6 66 31 c0 c1 e8 04 66 89 c1 8a 55 0c 66 8b |..f1....f...U.f.| 000005b0 5d 08 e8 8a ff ff ff 89 d8 8e d9 cd 13 88 e2 31 |]..............1| 000005c0 c0 8e d8 66 e8 32 ff ff ff 88 d0 5b 5e 5d c3 55 |...f.2.....[^].U| 000005d0 89 e5 53 57 56 8b 45 10 88 c5 8a 45 18 c0 e0 02 |..SWV.E....E....| 000005e0 66 c1 e8 02 88 c1 8a 75 14 8a 55 0c 66 8b 5d 20 |f......u..U.f.] | 000005f0 8a 65 08 8a 45 1c 66 89 c7 e8 43 ff ff ff 8e c3 |.e..E.f...C.....| 00000600 31 db be 03 00 89 f8 cd 13 73 10 88 e3 31 c0 cd |1........s...1..| 00000610 13 4e 83 fe 00 74 04 30 db eb ea 66 e8 da fe ff |.N...t.0...f....| 00000620 ff 88 d8 5e 5f 5b 5d c3 55 89 e5 53 8a 55 08 e8 |...^_[].U..S.U..| 00000630 0d ff ff ff b4 41 bb aa 55 cd 13 72 14 81 fb 55 |.....A..U..r...U| 00000640 aa 75 0e 88 e3 a0 11 22 84 c0 75 07 83 e1 01 75 |.u....."..u....u| 00000650 02 30 db 66 e8 a2 fe ff ff 88 d8 5b 5d c3 55 89 |.0.f.......[].U.| 00000660 e5 53 57 8a 55 08 e8 d6 fe ff ff b4 08 cd 13 84 |.SW.U...........| 00000670 e4 75 07 f6 c1 3f 75 02 b4 60 88 e3 66 e8 79 fe |.u...?u..`..f.y.| 00000680 ff ff 8d 6c 24 08 88 f0 40 8b 7d 10 89 07 31 c0 |...l$...@.}...1.| 00000690 88 c8 24 3f 8b 7d 14 89 07 c0 e9 06 88 cc 88 e8 |..$?.}..........| 000006a0 40 8b 7d 0c 89 07 31 c0 88 d8 5f 5b 5d c3 55 53 |@.}...1..._[].US| 000006b0 8b 5c 24 0c e8 88 fe ff ff 80 fb 01 66 74 05 cd |.$.........ft..| 000006c0 12 66 eb 04 b4 88 cd 15 89 c3 66 e8 2b fe ff ff |.f........f.+...| 000006d0 66 89 d8 5b 5d c3 8b 54 24 04 60 b3 07 e8 5f fe |f..[]..T$.`..._.| 000006e0 ff ff 88 d0 30 ff b4 0e cd 10 66 e8 0b fe ff ff |....0.....f.....| 000006f0 61 c3 66 90 f0 7f 06 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |a.f.............| 00000700 00 80 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000710 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 |................| 00000720 ff ff 00 00 00 9a cf 00 ff ff 00 00 00 92 cf 00 |................| 00000730 ff ff 00 00 00 9e 00 00 ff ff 00 00 00 92 00 00 |................| 00000740 27 00 18 25 00 00 90 90 55 89 e5 83 ec 34 6a 00 |'..%....U....4j.| 00000750 e8 59 ff ff ff c7 04 24 01 00 00 00 a3 90 54 00 |.Y.....$......T.| 00000760 00 e8 48 ff ff ff 8b 15 08 22 00 00 89 15 e4 54 |..H......".....T| 00000770 00 00 5a a3 94 54 00 00 a1 f8 24 00 00 8d 55 e0 |..Z..T....$...U.| 00000780 59 52 50 a3 e8 54 00 00 e8 bf 24 00 00 83 c4 10 |YRP..T....$.....| 00000790 85 c0 75 06 f6 45 f4 02 75 0c c7 05 30 54 00 00 |..u..E..u...0T..| 000007a0 ff 00 00 00 eb 0a a1 f8 24 00 00 a3 30 54 00 00 |........$...0T..| 000007b0 e8 c8 18 00 00 c9 c3 90 55 89 e5 8b 45 10 8b 4d |........U...E..M| 000007c0 08 57 56 53 bb 0a 00 00 00 31 d2 f7 f3 83 fa 0a |.WVS.....1......| 000007d0 8d 72 57 8d 7a 30 0f 4c f7 85 c0 89 f2 88 11 8d |.rW.z0.L........| 000007e0 51 01 74 04 89 d1 eb e1 8b 45 08 89 d6 eb 0a 8a |Q.t......E......| 000007f0 19 8a 10 88 11 49 88 18 40 39 c1 77 f2 89 f0 5b |.....I..@9.w...[| 00000800 5e 5f 5d c3 55 89 e5 8b 45 08 5d 8d 48 bf 8d 50 |^_].U...E.].H..P| 00000810 20 83 f9 19 0f 46 c2 c3 55 89 e5 8b 45 08 5d 8d | ....F..U...E.].| 00000820 48 9f 8d 50 e0 83 f9 19 0f 46 c2 c3 55 31 c0 89 |H..P.....F..U1..| 00000830 e5 8b 55 08 83 ea 09 83 fa 17 77 07 8b 04 95 78 |..U.......w....x| 00000840 52 00 00 5d c3 55 31 c0 89 e5 8b 4d 0c 53 8b 5d |R..].U1....M.S.]| 00000850 08 eb 09 40 84 d2 75 04 31 c0 eb 10 8a 14 03 3a |...@..u.1......:| 00000860 14 01 74 ef 80 fa 01 19 c0 83 c8 01 5b 5d c3 55 |..t.........[].U| 00000870 31 c9 89 e5 57 56 53 eb 09 41 84 db 75 04 31 c0 |1...WVS..A..u.1.| 00000880 eb 34 8b 45 08 8a 1c 08 0f be d3 8d 72 bf 83 fe |.4.E........r...| 00000890 19 8b 75 0c 8d 42 20 0f 46 d0 0f be 04 0e 8d 78 |..u..B .F......x| 000008a0 bf 83 ff 19 8d 70 20 0f 46 c6 39 c2 74 cb 80 fb |.....p .F.9.t...| 000008b0 01 19 c0 83 c8 01 5b 5e 5f 5d c3 55 89 e5 8b 45 |......[^_].U...E| 000008c0 08 8b 4d 0c 3d ff 0f 00 00 7e 29 3d ff ff 0f 00 |..M.=....~)=....| 000008d0 7f 0e 8b 15 90 54 00 00 8d 04 01 c1 e2 0a eb 10 |.....T..........| 000008e0 8b 15 94 54 00 00 8d 84 08 00 00 f0 ff c1 e2 0a |...T............| 000008f0 39 c2 73 0a c7 05 74 54 00 00 1c 00 00 00 31 c0 |9.s...tT......1.| 00000900 83 3d 74 54 00 00 00 5d 0f 94 c0 c3 55 31 c0 89 |.=tT...]....U1..| 00000910 e5 56 8b 4d 0c 53 8b 75 10 8b 5d 08 eb 07 8a 14 |.V.M.S.u..].....| 00000920 01 88 14 03 40 39 f0 7c f5 5b 5e 5d c3 55 89 e5 |....@9.|.[^].U..| 00000930 57 56 53 83 ec 04 8b 4d 10 8b 5d 08 8b 75 0c 51 |WVS....M..]..u.Q| 00000940 53 89 4d f0 e8 72 ff ff ff 5a 59 8b 4d f0 85 c0 |S.M..r...ZY.M...| 00000950 74 17 39 f3 73 07 89 df fc f3 a4 eb 0c 8d 79 ff |t.9.s.........y.| 00000960 01 fe 8d 3c 3b fd f3 a4 fc 83 3d 74 54 00 00 00 |...<;.....=tT...| 00000970 b8 00 00 00 00 0f 45 d8 89 d8 8d 65 f4 5b 5e 5f |......E....e.[^_| 00000980 5d c3 55 89 e5 56 8b 75 10 53 8b 5d 08 56 53 e8 |].U..V.u.S.].VS.| 00000990 27 ff ff ff 5a 59 85 c0 74 0f 89 d8 eb 07 8a 55 |'...ZY..t......U| 000009a0 0c 4e 88 10 40 85 f6 7f f5 83 3d 74 54 00 00 00 |.N..@.....=tT...| 000009b0 b8 00 00 00 00 0f 45 d8 89 d8 8d 65 f8 5b 5e 5d |......E....e.[^]| 000009c0 c3 55 89 e5 53 83 ec 04 8b 5d 08 83 fb 0a 75 0d |.U..S....]....u.| 000009d0 83 ec 0c 6a 0d e8 e7 ff ff ff 83 c4 10 89 5d 08 |...j..........].| 000009e0 8b 5d fc c9 e9 ed fc ff ff 55 85 c0 89 e5 56 89 |.].......U....V.| 000009f0 ce 53 88 d1 74 0d 8b 18 85 db 74 07 88 13 43 89 |.S..t.....t...C.| 00000a00 18 eb 0f 83 ec 0c 0f be c1 50 e8 b2 ff ff ff 83 |.........P......| 00000a10 c4 10 ff 06 8d 65 f8 5b 5e 5d c3 55 89 e5 57 89 |.....e.[^].U..W.| 00000a20 cf 56 89 c6 53 b8 5c 52 00 00 83 ec 0c 89 d3 85 |.V..S.R........| 00000a30 d2 0f 44 d8 eb 0d 0f be d2 89 f9 89 f0 43 e8 a6 |..D..........C..| 00000a40 ff ff ff 8a 13 84 d2 75 ed 83 c4 0c 5b 5e 5f 5d |.......u....[^_]| 00000a50 c3 55 31 c0 89 e5 57 56 53 81 ec ac 00 00 00 8b |.U1...WVS.......| 00000a60 4d 0c c7 45 e4 00 00 00 00 8a 11 84 d2 0f 84 0f |M..E............| 00000a70 0a 00 00 41 89 8d 7c ff ff ff 8d 7d b8 b9 01 00 |...A..|....}....| 00000a80 00 00 c7 45 84 00 00 00 00 c7 45 80 00 00 00 00 |...E......E.....| 00000a90 c7 45 94 00 00 00 00 c7 45 90 00 00 00 00 c7 45 |.E......E......E| 00000aa0 b0 00 00 00 00 85 c9 74 29 c6 45 b8 00 c7 45 84 |.......t).E...E.| 00000ab0 00 00 00 00 c7 45 80 00 00 00 00 c7 45 94 00 00 |.....E......E...| 00000ac0 00 00 c7 45 90 00 00 00 00 c7 45 b0 00 00 00 00 |...E......E.....| 00000ad0 eb 04 85 c0 75 3a 80 fa 25 75 1b 8b 45 b0 31 c9 |....u:..%u..E.1.| 00000ae0 c6 44 05 b8 25 40 c6 44 05 b8 00 8b 5d 10 89 45 |.D..%@.D....]..E| 00000af0 b0 e9 5f 09 00 00 8d 4d e4 0f be d2 8d 45 08 e8 |.._....M.....E..| 00000b00 e5 fe ff ff 8b 5d 10 31 c9 31 c0 e9 4a 09 00 00 |.....].1.1..J...| 00000b10 80 fa 58 0f 84 b8 05 00 00 7f 41 80 fa 39 7f 1c |..X.......A..9..| 00000b20 80 fa 31 0f 8d c5 00 00 00 80 fa 25 74 79 80 fa |..1........%ty..| 00000b30 30 0f 85 f9 08 00 00 e9 93 00 00 00 80 fa 50 0f |0.............P.| 00000b40 84 ac 04 00 00 80 fa 55 0f 84 6e 03 00 00 80 fa |.......U..n.....| 00000b50 4c 0f 85 d9 08 00 00 e9 ce 00 00 00 80 fa 70 0f |L.............p.| 00000b60 84 93 04 00 00 7f 20 80 fa 64 0f 84 14 01 00 00 |...... ..d......| 00000b70 80 fa 6c 0f 84 95 00 00 00 80 fa 63 0f 85 ae 08 |..l........c....| 00000b80 00 00 e9 c3 00 00 00 80 fa 75 0f 84 2c 03 00 00 |.........u..,...| 00000b90 80 fa 78 0f 84 3f 05 00 00 80 fa 73 0f 85 8e 08 |..x..?.....s....| 00000ba0 00 00 e9 02 03 00 00 83 7d b0 00 74 0d 8d 4d e4 |........}..t..M.| 00000bb0 89 fa 8d 45 08 e8 61 fe ff ff 8d 4d e4 ba 25 00 |...E..a....M..%.| 00000bc0 00 00 8d 45 08 e8 1f fe ff ff e9 7e 08 00 00 83 |...E.......~....| 00000bd0 7d 80 00 75 19 8b 55 b0 c6 44 15 b8 30 42 c6 44 |}..u..U..D..0B.D| 00000be0 15 b8 00 8b 5d 10 89 55 b0 e9 d7 04 00 00 8b 5d |....]..U.......]| 00000bf0 b0 6b 45 84 0a 88 54 1d b8 0f be d2 43 8d 54 10 |.kE...T.....C.T.| 00000c00 d0 89 5d b0 c6 44 1d b8 00 89 55 84 eb 14 8b 75 |..]..D....U....u| 00000c10 b0 ff 45 90 c6 44 35 b8 6c 46 89 75 b0 c6 44 35 |..E..D5.lF.u..D5| 00000c20 b8 00 8b 5d 10 e9 2b 08 00 00 8b 45 b0 c7 45 90 |...]..+....E..E.| 00000c30 02 00 00 00 c6 44 05 b8 4c 40 c6 44 05 b8 00 8b |.....D..L@.D....| 00000c40 5d 10 89 45 b0 e9 0b 08 00 00 8b 4d 10 8b 5d 10 |]..E.......M..].| 00000c50 8b 11 83 c3 04 81 e2 ff 00 00 00 75 14 c7 45 e0 |...........u..E.| 00000c60 62 52 00 00 8d 4d e4 89 fa 8d 45 e0 e9 b8 07 00 |bR...M....E.....| 00000c70 00 0f be d2 8d 4d e4 8d 45 08 e8 6a fd ff ff e9 |.....M..E..j....| 00000c80 cc 07 00 00 83 7d 90 00 0f 85 8e 00 00 00 8b 45 |.....}.........E| 00000c90 10 8b 5d 10 8b 30 51 83 c3 04 6a 28 6a 00 57 e8 |..]..0Q...j(j.W.| 00000ca0 de fc ff ff 83 c4 10 83 fe 00 7e 09 c7 45 b4 00 |..........~..E..| 00000cb0 00 00 00 eb 0f 0f 85 cf 07 00 00 c7 45 b4 00 00 |............E...| 00000cc0 00 00 31 f6 b9 26 00 00 00 89 9d 50 ff ff ff 89 |..1..&.....P....| 00000cd0 f0 bb 0a 00 00 00 99 f7 fb 83 fa 0a 89 45 ac 8d 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|..........D.....| 00002580 06 00 e8 89 fb ff ff 85 c0 0f 84 c0 04 00 00 80 |................| 00002590 3d 60 80 06 00 00 bf 20 00 00 00 79 07 0f b7 3d |=`..... ...y...=| 000025a0 fe 80 06 00 8b 8d d0 fb ff ff b8 01 00 00 00 83 |................| 000025b0 c1 0a d3 e0 99 f7 fb 48 23 85 dc fb ff ff 0f af |.......H#.......| 000025c0 c7 05 00 84 06 00 89 85 dc fb ff ff 80 3d 60 80 |.............=`.| 000025d0 06 00 00 79 18 83 78 28 00 75 12 c7 05 74 54 00 |...y..x(.u...tT.| 000025e0 00 0e 00 00 00 83 c8 ff e9 64 04 00 00 8b 0d 18 |.........d......| 000025f0 80 06 00 bf 01 00 00 00 83 c1 0a d3 e7 0f b7 0d |................| 00002600 58 80 06 00 89 f8 81 c7 00 84 06 00 99 f7 f9 31 |X..............1| 00002610 d2 0f bc c8 8b 85 e4 fb ff ff f7 35 28 80 06 00 |...........5(...| 00002620 8b 85 dc fb ff ff 89 d3 89 fa d3 eb 03 58 08 89 |.............X..| 00002630 d8 e8 da fa ff ff 85 c0 0f 84 11 04 00 00 8b 0d |................| 00002640 18 80 06 00 50 b8 01 00 00 00 68 9c 00 00 00 0f |....P.....h.....| 00002650 b7 3d 58 80 06 00 83 c1 0a d3 e0 99 8d 98 00 84 |.=X.............| 00002660 06 00 f7 ff c7 05 80 54 00 00 ff ff ff ff c7 05 |.......T........| 00002670 84 54 00 00 ff ff ff ff 48 23 85 e4 fb ff ff 0f |.T......H#......| 00002680 af c7 8d 04 03 50 53 e8 a1 e2 ff ff 8b 0d 18 80 |.....PS.........| 00002690 06 00 ba 01 00 00 00 83 c4 10 83 c1 0a d3 e2 0f |................| 000026a0 b7 82 00 84 06 00 25 00 f0 00 00 3d 00 a0 00 00 |......%....=....| 000026b0 0f 85 55 01 00 00 ff 85 d4 fb ff ff 83 bd d4 fb |..U.............| 000026c0 ff ff 05 7f 04 31 db eb 10 c7 05 74 54 00 00 1a |.....1.....tT...| 000026d0 00 00 00 e9 77 03 00 00 43 8a 04 1e 84 c0 74 13 |....w...C.....t.| 000026e0 83 ec 0c 0f be c0 50 e8 40 e1 ff ff 83 c4 10 85 |......P.@.......| 000026f0 c0 74 e5 8b 0d 18 80 06 00 b8 01 00 00 00 83 c1 |.t..............| 00002700 0a d3 e0 8b 80 04 84 06 00 8d 14 03 81 fa fe 03 |................| 00002710 00 00 a3 f4 54 00 00 0f 87 3e 01 00 00 85 db 74 |....T....>.....t| 00002720 15 57 53 8d 95 e8 fb ff ff 56 8d 04 02 50 e8 fa |.WS......V...P..| 00002730 e1 ff ff 83 c4 10 8d 45 e8 31 f6 8d 1c 18 03 1d |.......E.1......| 00002740 f4 54 00 00 c6 83 00 fc ff ff 00 8b 0d 18 80 06 |.T..............| 00002750 00 bb 01 00 00 00 83 c1 0a d3 e3 83 bb 68 84 06 |.............h..| 00002760 00 00 74 1a 83 ec 0c ff 35 64 54 00 00 e8 ae ed |..t.....5dT.....| 00002770 ff ff 83 c4 10 89 c1 89 d8 99 f7 f9 89 c6 8b 0d |................| 00002780 18 80 06 00 ba 01 00 00 00 83 c1 0a d3 e2 39 b2 |..............9.| 00002790 1c 84 06 00 89 d1 74 2a 51 51 ff 35 f4 54 00 00 |......t*QQ.5.T..| 000027a0 8d 85 e8 fb ff ff 50 e8 ba ed ff ff 83 c4 10 c7 |......P.........| 000027b0 05 1c 55 00 00 00 00 00 00 85 c0 75 22 e9 8d 02 |..U........u"...| 000027c0 00 00 52 81 c1 28 84 06 00 ff 35 f4 54 00 00 8d |..R..(....5.T...| 000027d0 95 e8 fb ff ff 51 52 e8 51 e1 ff ff 83 c4 10 8b |.....QR.Q.......| 000027e0 95 e0 fb ff ff b8 02 00 00 00 80 bd e8 fb ff ff |................| 000027f0 2f 8d b5 e8 fb ff ff 0f 44 d0 89 95 d8 fb ff ff |/.......D.......| 00002800 [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
四.验证修复grub之前和修复grub之后的差异
1>.在"/boot/grub"目录只存放grub.conf文件，发现操作系统依旧可以正常启动
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ls /boot/grub/ device.map fat_stage1_5 grub.conf jfs_stage1_5 minix_stage1_5 splash.xpm.gz stage2 vstafs_stage1_5 e2fs_stage1_5 ffs_stage1_5 iso9660_stage1_5 menu.lst reiserfs_stage1_5 stage1 ufs2_stage1_5 xfs_stage1_5 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# mkdir /data [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /boot/grub/* /data/ [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# ls /data/ device.map fat_stage1_5 grub.conf jfs_stage1_5 minix_stage1_5 splash.xpm.gz stage2 vstafs_stage1_5 e2fs_stage1_5 ffs_stage1_5 iso9660_stage1_5 menu.lst reiserfs_stage1_5 stage1 ufs2_stage1_5 xfs_stage1_5 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /data/grub.conf /boot/grub/ [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/ total 2 -rw-------. 1 root root 839 Dec 1 07:36 grub.conf [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie (/dev/pts/2) at 20:47 ... The system is going down for reboot NOW! [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
2>.修复后grub发生变化了，如果将修复后在"/boot/grub"目录的文件移并只剩下"grub.conf"文件是无法正常启动的（这种情况就只能使用上面我们介绍的救援模式来恢复grub啦~）
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll /boot/grub/ total 2 -rw-------. 1 root root 839 Dec 1 07:36 grub.conf [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# grub-install /dev/sda Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time. Installation finished. No error reported. This is the contents of the device map /boot/grub/device.map. Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect, fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'. (fd0) /dev/fd0 (hd0) /dev/sda [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# mkdir /data2 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# ls /boot/grub/ device.map fat_stage1_5 grub.conf jfs_stage1_5 reiserfs_stage1_5 stage2 vstafs_stage1_5 e2fs_stage1_5 ffs_stage1_5 iso9660_stage1_5 minix_stage1_5 stage1 ufs2_stage1_5 xfs_stage1_5 [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /boot/grub/* /data2/ [root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv /data2/grub.conf /boot/grub/ [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# ls /boot/grub/ grub.conf [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie (/dev/pts/0) at 20:52 ... The system is going down for reboot NOW! [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
五.grub.conf文件的功能
1>.根据grub.conf默认的菜单复制一个菜单
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=0 #默认启动为0，即默认启动第一个菜单 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) #这里就是咱们第一个菜单 root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# vim /boot/grub/grub.conf [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=1 #此处我们将默认设置为第二个菜单(注意:计算机是从0开始计数的) timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) #这是操作系统默认的菜单，下面是对应的启动参数 root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) #这第二个菜单其实就是把上面第一个菜单拷贝过来改动了一下名字而已，其本质还是使用的第一个菜单的功能，换汤不换药~ root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
2>.重启操作系统后发现有下面的默认启动菜单
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie (/dev/pts/2) at 20:43 ... The system is going down for reboot NOW! [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
3>.关于grub的root写法以及rhgb和quiet参数说明
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=1 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# vim /boot/grub/grub.conf [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=1 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) #我们将"root(hd0,0)"这行信息给删除掉，然后再每行的路径的开头声明根节点位置为(hd0,0)也是可以正常启动操作系统的哟~，不仅如此，我们还可以将rhgb(启动操作会显示一个转圈圈的图形，后面发生了啥咱也不知道呀因为只能看到一个图片,因此生产环境我们可以考虑将它去掉的)和quiet(该参数若不启用启动操作系统时会有更多信息输出到屏幕)参数删除，并不会影响到作系统的正常启动。 kernel (hd0,0)/vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSF ONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM
initrd (hd0,0)/initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
4>.kernel参数和initrd启动顺序不可以颠倒
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=1 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) kernel (hd0,0)/vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSF ONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM initrd (hd0,0)/initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# vim /boot/grub/grub.conf [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=1 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/splash.xpm.gz hiddenmenu title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=lat arcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) #注意，我这里故意将kernel的顺序调到了initrd下面去啦！观察操作系统是否可以正常启动，答案是否定的，如下图所示。 initrd (hd0,0)/initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img kernel (hd0,0)/vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSF ONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM[root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie (/dev/pts/0) at 21:03 ... The system is going down for reboot NOW! [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
如果出现如上图所示的错误，其实咱们也可以手动修改的，按回车键进入如下图所示的界面，按字母"e"进行编辑
删除"initrd"行，如下图所示。
按字母"o"新增一行，如下图所示。
如上图所示，按字母"e"进行编辑，然后将"initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img"信息写入即可。
如上图所示，按回车即可，出现如下图所示的界面后按"b"键可以正常启动操作系统啦~
如下图所示，操作系统启动成功啦
六.误删除"/boot/grub/grub.conf"配置文件案例
1>.删除"grub.conf"配置文件并重启操作系统
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cp /boot/grub/grub.conf ./ [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll total 100 -rw------- 1 root root 1324 Dec 2 22:43 grub.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 94446 Dec 3 2019 windows.jpg [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# rm -f /boot/grub/grub.conf [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot #重启操作系统后发现操作系统无法启动了，如下图所示。 Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie (/dev/pts/0) at 22:44 ... The system is going down for reboot NOW! [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
2>.手动顺序编写grub配置文件
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root #这个根分区是路径是指定你安装操作系统的路径哟~
initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img
boot
温馨提示:
执行上述3条命令仅当次启动有效，下一次依旧无法启动，最好将上面的命令写入"/boot/grub/grub.conf"配置文件中，我在试验开始之前就对"grub.conf"配置文件进行备份操作。
3>.恢复grub.conf的备份文件，以防止下次无法正常启动的情况
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# ll total 100 -rw------- 1 root root 1324 Dec 2 22:43 grub.conf -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 94446 Dec 3 2019 windows.jpg [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# mv grub.conf /boot/grub/ [root@yinzhengjie ~]# [root@yinzhengjie ~]# reboot Broadcast message from root@yinzhengjie (/dev/pts/0) at 23:16 ... The system is going down for reboot NOW! [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /boot/grub/grub.conf # grub.conf generated by anaconda # # Note that you do not have to rerun grub after making changes to this file # NOTICE: You have a /boot partition. This means that # all kernel and initrd paths are relative to /boot/, eg. # root (hd0,0) # kernel /vmlinuz-version ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root # initrd /initrd-[generic-]version.img #boot=/dev/sda default=1 timeout=5 splashimage=(hd0,0)/grub/windows.xpm.gz password --encrypted $6$bNlXV2xei8gteGzA$v4VFuBvn0svHHIbsBFzfdDnHTlUsZgVIXdLHqTRyAd7a9SFHGC4G87D7JNBKj5i3fGsEhS2vCgVbrO0Q34a7E1 title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) root (hd0,0) kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/ lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM rhgb quiet initrd /initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img title CentOS 8 (4.6.32-754.el6.x86_64) kernel (hd0,0)/vmlinuz-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_n ode200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 crashkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM initrd (hd0,0)/initramfs-2.6.32-754.el6.x86_64.img [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie ~]# cat /proc/cmdline #查看内核参数 ro root=/dev/mapper/vg_node200-lv_root nomodeset rd_NO_LUKS LANG=en_US.UTF-8 rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_swap rd_NO_MD SYSFONT=latarcyrheb-sun16 cra shkernel=128M rd_LVM_LV=vg_node200/lv_root KEYBOARDTYPE=pc KEYTABLE=us rd_NO_DM [root@yinzhengjie ~]#
七.Linux操作系统之grub加密实战案例
博主推荐阅读: https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/11915217.html
八.更改Linux启动菜单的背景图
博主推荐阅读: https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/11914677.html