Httpd服务进阶知识-LAMP架构概述
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.LAMP架构概述
1>.什么是LAM(M)P架构
L:
linux
A:
apache (httpd)
M:
mysql, mariadb
(M):
memcached
P:
php, perl, python
2>.WEB资源类型
静态资源：
原始形式与响应内容一致，在客户端浏览器执行
客户端web相关技术： html，javascript，css，jpg
动态资源：
原始形式通常为程序文件，需要在服务器端执行之后，将执行结果返回给客户端
服务器端web相关技术：php， jsp，python，asp，java
3>.CGI(全称:Common Gateway Interface)
CGI描述了客户端和服务器程序之间传输的一种标准，可以让一个客户端，从网页浏览器通过http服务器向执行在网络服务器上的程序传输数据。
4>.LAMP工作原理
请求流程： Client -- (http协议) --> Httpd/Nginx/Tomcat -- (fastcgi) --> application server (可以是Php，Perl，Python程序文件) -- (mysql) --> mysql php简介: 基于zend编译成opcode（二进制格式的字节码，重复运行，可省略编译环境） 和Python类似，也是脚本编程语言，Php可以嵌入到html中的嵌入式web程序语言，非常适合快速开发网站。 由于Php和Python一样，开发效率非常高，因此一些小公司想要快速上手开发网站一般都会选择Php进行网站开发，但是其稳定性相对于Java来比较差，所以一些公司达到一定的规模都会将php的网站推翻使用Java来重写，如京东，淘宝等电商网站基本上都被Java占据天下了。 再加上近几年python人工智能被一些培训机构，运维人员给各种吹捧，于是python的web开发人员也跑来和Php开发人员抢饭碗了，哎，随着时间的流逝，Php的市场在逐渐的减少（前有Java，后有Python),不过小公司相对还是较多的，因此Php语言的使用者在一些小的网站依旧能活得很好，当然运维人员可能会更喜欢使用Python的Django框架来快速开发web网站了。 快速部署LAMP: CentOS 7: Modules：httpd, php, php-mysql, mariadb-server FastCGI：httpd, php-fpm, php-mysql, mariadb-server CentOS 6： Modules:httpd, php, php-mysql, mysql-server FastCGI:默认不支持 安装LAMP: CentOS 6: yum -y install httpd, php, mysql-server, php-mysql service httpd start service mysqld start CentOS 7: yum -y install httpd, php, php-mysql, mariadb-server systemctl start httpd.service systemctl start mariadb.service 注意：要使用prefork模型 温馨提示: 我们可以通过fastcgi程序来实现动态资源处理，也可以使用apache的模块来处理动态资源，但后者在生产环境中使用相对较少，因为在访问量较高时，fastcgi程序是可以单独找一台服务器部署，从而降低httpd服务器的压力，而使用模块方式加载的话就只能依附于httpd服务了，便不可拆分部署。 因此，从理论上来说，直接使用apache模块来处理动态资源在生产环境使用的场景相对较少，因为扩展性较差。
二.PHP配置
1>.PHP简介
PHP是通用服务器端脚本编程语言，主要用于web开发实现动态web页面，也是最早实现将脚本嵌入HTML源码文档中的服务器端脚本语言之一。同时，php还提供了一个命令行接口，因此，其也可以在大多数系统上作为一个独立的shell来使用 Rasmus Lerdorf于1994年开始开发PHP，最初是一组被Rasmus Lerdorf称作“Personal Home Page Tool” 的Perl脚本， 可以用于显示作者的简历并记录用户对其网站的访问。后来，Rasmus Lerdorf使用C语言将这些Perl脚本重写为CGI程序，还为其增加了运行Web forms的能力以及与数据库交互的特性，并将其重命名为“Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter”或“PHP/FI”。此时，PHP/FI已经可以用于开发简单的动态web程序了，这即PHP1.0。 1995年6月，Rasmus Lerdorf把它的PHP发布于comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Usenet讨论组，从此PHP开始走进人们的视野。 1997年，其2.0版本发布。 1997年，两名以色列程序员Zeev Suraski和Andi Gutmans重写的PHP的分析器(parser)成为PHP发展到3.0的基础，而且从此将PHP重命名为PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor。 此后，这两名程序员开始重写整个PHP核心，并于1999年发布了Zend Engine 1.0，这也意味着PHP 4.0的诞生。 2004年7月，Zend Engine 2.0发布，由此也将PHP带入了PHP 5时代。PHP5包含了许多重要的新特性，如增强的面向对象编程的支持、支持PDO(PHP Data Objects)扩展机制以及一系列对PHP性能的改进。 PHP官网： http://www.php.net/
2>.PHP Zend Engine
Zend Engine是开源的、PHP脚本语言的解释器，它最早是由以色列理工学院(Technion)的学生Andi Gutmans和Zeev Suraski所开发，Zend也正是此二人名字的合称。后来两人联合创立了Zend Technologies公司 Zend Engine 1.0于1999年随PHP 4发布，由C语言开发且经过高度优化，并能够做为PHP的后端模块使用。Zend Engine为PHP提供了内存和资源管理的功能以及其它的一些标准服务，其高性能、可靠性和可扩展性在促进PHP成为一种流行的语言方面发挥了重要作用 Zend Engine的出现将PHP代码的处理过程分成了两个阶段：
首先是分析PHP代码并将其转换为称作Zend opcode的二进制格式opcode(类似Java的字节码)，并将其存储于内存中；
第二阶段是使用Zend Engine去执行这些转换后的Opcode
3>.PHP的Opcode
Opcode是一种PHP脚本编译后的中间语言，类似于Java的ByteCode,或者.NET的MSL。PHP执行PHP脚本代码一般会经过如下4个步骤(确切的来说，应该是PHP的语言引擎Zend) (1)Scanning 词法分析,将PHP代码转换为语言片段(Tokens) (2)Parsing 语义分析,将Tokens转换成简单而有意义的表达式 (3)Compilation 将表达式编译成Opcode (4)Execution 顺次执行Opcode，每次一条，从而实现PHP脚本的功能 综上所述，我们可以概要PHP执行过程为： 扫描-->分析-->编译-->执行
4>.php配置
配置文件： /etc/php.ini
/etc/php.d/*.ini 配置文件在php解释器启动时被读取 对配置文件的修改生效方法 Modules：
重启httpd服务 FastCGI：
重启php-fpm服务 /etc/php.ini配置文件格式： [foo]：Section Header directive = value 注释符：较新的版本中，已经完全使用;进行注释 #：纯粹的注释信息 ;：用于注释可启用的directive /etc/php.ini配置文件常用参数: max_execution_time= 30 最长执行时间30s memory_limit 128M 生产不够，可调大 display_errors off 调试使用，不要打开，否则可能暴露重要信息 display_startup_errors off 建议关闭 post_max_size 8M 最大上传数据大小，生产可能临时要调大，比下面项要大 upload_max_filesize 2M 最大上传文件，生产可能要调大 max_file_uploads = 20 同时上传最多文件数 date.timezone =Asia/Shanghai 指定时区 short_open_tag=on 开启短标签,如<? phpinfo();?> php.ini的核心配置选项文档： http://php.net/manual/zh/ini.core.php
php.ini配置选项列表： http://php.net/manual/zh/ini.list.php
php语言格式 <?php ...php code... ?>
5>.php的加速器
php的加速器： 基于PHP的特殊扩展机制如opcode缓存扩展也可以将opcode缓存于php的共享内存中，从而可以让同一段代码的后续重复执行时跳过编译阶段以提高性能。这些加速器并非真正提高了opcode的运行速度，而仅是通过分析opcode后并将它们重新排列以达到快速执行的目的 常见的php加速器有： 1、APC (Alternative PHP Cache) 遵循PHP License的开源框架，PHP opcode缓存加速器，目前的版本不适用于PHP 5.4 项目地址http://pecl.php.net/package/APC
2、eAccelerator 源于Turck MMCache，早期的版本包含了一个PHP encoder和PHP loader，目前encoder已经不在支持。 项目地址 http://eaccelerator.net/
3、XCache 快速而且稳定的PHP opcode缓存，经过严格测试且被大量用于生产环境。 项目地址：http://xcache.lighttpd.net/,收录EPEL源
4、Zend Optimizer和Zend Guard Loader Zend Optimizer并非一个opcode加速器，它是由Zend Technologies为PHP5.2及以前的版本提供的一个免费、闭源的PHP扩展，其能够运行由Zend Guard生成的加密的PHP代码或模糊代码。 而Zend Guard Loader则是专为PHP5.3提供的类似于Zend Optimizer功能的扩展。 项目地址http://www.zend.com/en/products/guard/runtime-decoders
5、NuSphere PhpExpress NuSphere的一款开源PHP加速器，它支持装载通过NuSphere PHP Encoder编码的PHP程序文件，并能够实现对常规PHP文件的执行加速。 项目地址，http://www.nusphere.com/products/phpexpress.htm
三.php代码风格
1>.风格一
<?php echo "<h1>Hello world!</h1>" ?>
2>.风格二
<h1>
<?php echo "Hello world!" ?>
</h1>
3>.php测试代码
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/test.php #编写的网页查看网页的效果如下图所示。 <?php echo date("Y/m/d H:i:s"); phpinfo(); ?> [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
四.基于php model连接数据库
1>.安装数据库(注意，为了避免试验的干扰性，请临时禁用selinux,firewalld,iptables相关工具，否则可能授权成功但无法通过php访问web界面的清空，如果遇到了请查看相应的日志信息哟~)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: mariadb-server x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 base 11 M Installing for dependencies: perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-6.el7 base 140 k perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+4 Dependent packages) Total download size: 12 M Installed size: 61 M Downloading packages: (1/5): mariadb-server-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 11 MB 00:00:00 (2/5): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00:00 (3/5): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00 (4/5): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00 (5/5): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:00:14 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 841 kB/s | 12 MB 00:00:14 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 1/5 Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 2/5 Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 3/5 Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 4/5 Installing : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 5/5 Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 1/5 Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 2/5 Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 3/5 Verifying : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 4/5 Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 5/5 Installed: mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.64-1.el7 Dependency Installed: perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.64-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO jason@'172.30.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY 'yinzhengjie'; #为客户端授权 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO jason@'node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn' IDENTIFIED BY 'yinzhengjie'; #为httpd服务器单独授权 Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SELECT user,host FROM mysql.user WHERE user='jason'; +-------+----------------------------+ | user | host | +-------+----------------------------+ | jason | 172.30.1.% | | jason | node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn | +-------+----------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for jason@172.30.1.% | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'jason'@'172.30.1.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*BD0B1F48FDC55BD27555FC2F22FF29A68A25A1D7' | +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR jason@'node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn'; +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Grants for jason@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'jason'@'node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*BD0B1F48FDC55BD27555FC2F22FF29A68A25A1D7' | +----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT Bye [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mysql -h 172.30.1.101 -ujason -pyinzhengjie Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 13 Server version: 5.5.64-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.01 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE SCHEMA IF NOT EXISTS yinzhengjie2019 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW DATABASES; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | test | | yinzhengjie2019 | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> QUIT Bye [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.安装php程序和mysql连接的客户端软件包
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum info php-mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Available Packages Name : php-mysql Arch : x86_64 Version : 5.4.16 Release : 46.1.el7_7 Size : 101 k Repo : updates/7/x86_64 Summary : A module for PHP applications that use MySQL databases URL : http://www.php.net/ License : PHP Description : The php-mysql package contains a dynamic shared object that will add : MySQL database support to PHP. MySQL is an object-relational database : management system. PHP is an HTML-embeddable scripting language. If : you need MySQL support for PHP applications, you will need to install : this package and the php package. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install php-mysql Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-pdo(x86-64) = 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 for package: php-mysql-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 for package: php-pdo-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libzip.so.2()(64bit) for package: php-common-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: php-mysql x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates 101 k Installing for dependencies: libzip x86_64 0.10.1-8.el7 base 48 k php-common x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates 565 k php-pdo x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates 99 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 814 k Installed size: 4.3 M Downloading packages: (1/4): php-mysql-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 101 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): php-common-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 565 kB 00:00:01 (3/4): libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 48 kB 00:00:02 php-pdo-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_ FAILED http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/7.7.1908/updates/x86_64/Packages/php-pdo-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/7.7.1908/up dates/x86_64/Packages/php-pdo-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')Trying other mirror. (4/4): php-pdo-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 99 kB 00:00:00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 27 kB/s | 814 kB 00:00:30 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : php-common-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : php-pdo-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 3/4 Installing : php-mysql-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : php-common-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : php-mysql-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : php-pdo-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 4/4 Installed: php-mysql.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 Dependency Installed: libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7 php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 php-pdo.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# rpm -ql php-mysql /etc/php.d/mysql.ini /etc/php.d/mysqli.ini /etc/php.d/pdo_mysql.ini /usr/lib64/php/modules/mysql.so /usr/lib64/php/modules/mysqli.so /usr/lib64/php/modules/pdo_mysql.so [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/php.d/mysql.ini ; Enable mysql extension module extension=mysql.so [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/php.d/mysqli.ini ; Enable mysqli extension module extension=mysqli.so [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/php.d/pdo_mysql.ini ; Enable pdo_mysql extension module extension=pdo_mysql.so [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.安装httpd和php程序
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-5.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 9.9 M Downloading packages: (1/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:00 (3/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:00 (4/4): apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:04 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 612 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:05 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 3/4 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install php Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-cli(x86-64) = 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 for package: php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: php x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates 1.4 M Installing for dependencies: php-cli x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates 2.7 M Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+1 Dependent package) Total download size: 4.1 M Installed size: 13 M Downloading packages: (1/2): php-cli-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:00 (2/2): php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 1.4 MB 00:00:00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 10 MB/s | 4.1 MB 00:00:00 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : php-cli-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 1/2 Installing : php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 2/2 Verifying : php-cli-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 1/2 Verifying : php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 2/2 Installed: php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 Dependency Installed: php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start httpd [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl status httpd ● httpd.service - The Apache HTTP Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-12-12 17:13:16 CST; 27s ago Docs: man:httpd(8) man:apachectl(8) Main PID: 12909 (httpd) Status: "Total requests: 0; Current requests/sec: 0; Current traffic: 0 B/sec" Tasks: 6 CGroup: /system.slice/httpd.service ├─12909 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─12911 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─12912 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─12913 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND ├─12914 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND └─12915 /usr/sbin/httpd -DFOREGROUND Dec 12 17:13:15 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Starting The Apache HTTP Server... Dec 12 17:13:16 node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn systemd[1]: Started The Apache HTTP Server. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.使用mysql扩展连接数据库的测试代码(不推荐使用，php 7.x版本已经淘汰该方式)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/mysql.php #连接成功后如下图所示 <?php $conn = mysql_connect('172.30.1.101','jason','yinzhengjie'); if ($conn) echo "mysql ok"; else echo "mysql Failure"; mysql_close(); ?> [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
5>.使用mysqli扩展连接数据库的测试代码(只能连接MySQL数据库)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/mysqli.php #连接成功如下图所示。 <?php $mysqli=new mysqli("172.30.1.101","jason","yinzhengjie"); if(mysqli_connect_errno()){ echo " MySQLIFailure"; $mysqli=null; exit; } echo "MySQLI OK"; $mysqli->close(); ?> [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
6>.使用PDO(PHP Data Object)扩展连接数据库方法一(相对比较通用,可以连接各种类型的数据库)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/pdo1.php <?php $dsn='mysql:host=172.30.1.101;dbname=yinzhengjie2019'; $username='jason'; $passwd='yinzhengjie'; $dbh=new PDO($dsn,$username,$passwd); var_dump($dbh); ?> [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
6>.使用PDO(PHP Data Object)扩展连接数据库方法二(相对比较通用,可以连接各种类型的数据库)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/pdo2.php <?php try { $user='jason'; $pass='yinzhengjie'; $dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=172.30.1.101;dbname=mysql', $user, $pass); foreach($dbh->query('SELECT user,host,password from user') as $row) { print_r($row); } $dbh = null; } catch (PDOException $e) { print "Error!: ". $e->getMessage(). "<br/>"; die(); } ?> [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
五.单独使用PHP模块案例
1>.安装httpd和php软件包(由于php模块就是httpd服务运行时动态加载的模块，因此想要使用php模块就必须安装httpd服务)
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum info php Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com Installed Packages Name : php Arch : x86_64 Version : 5.4.16 Release : 46.1.el7_7 Size : 4.4 M Repo : installed From repo : updates Summary : PHP scripting language for creating dynamic web sites URL : http://www.php.net/ License : PHP and Zend and BSD Description : PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language. PHP attempts to make it : easy for developers to write dynamically generated web pages. PHP also : offers built-in database integration for several commercial and : non-commercial database management systems, so writing a : database-enabled webpage with PHP is fairly simple. The most common : use of PHP coding is probably as a replacement for CGI scripts. : : The php package contains the module (often referred to as mod_php) : which adds support for the PHP language to Apache HTTP Server. [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirror.jdcloud.com * extras: mirror.jdcloud.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 165 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 153 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00:03 (4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 5.8 MB 00:00:06 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libaprutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libapr-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 will be installed ---> Package apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================= Installing: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M Installing for dependencies: apr x86_64 1.4.8-5.el7 base 103 k apr-util x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base 92 k httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================= Install 1 Package (+3 Dependent packages) Total download size: 3.0 M Installed size: 9.9 M Downloading packages: (1/4): httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:00 (2/4): apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 103 kB 00:00:00 (3/4): apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 92 kB 00:00:00 httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_ FAILED ] 1.6 B/s | 668 kB 434:12:11 ETA http://mirrors.nju.edu.cn/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://mirrors.nju.e du.cn/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/Packages/httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')Trying other mirror. (4/4): httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:01 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 66 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:00:46 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Installing : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 2/4 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 3/4 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Verifying : apr-1.4.8-5.el7.x86_64 1/4 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/4 Verifying : apr-util-1.5.2-6.el7.x86_64 3/4 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/4 Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Dependency Installed: apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-5.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7 httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos Complete! [root@node101.yizhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# yum -y install php Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 for package: php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: php-cli(x86-64) = 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 for package: php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: httpd-mmn = 20120211x8664 for package: php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: httpd for package: php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed --> Processing Dependency: httpd-tools = 2.4.6-90.el7.centos for package: httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 ---> Package php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 will be installed ---> Package php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libzip.so.2()(64bit) for package: php-common-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos will be installed ---> Package libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: php x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates 1.4 M Installing for dependencies: httpd x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 2.7 M httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-90.el7.centos base 91 k libzip x86_64 0.10.1-8.el7 base 48 k php-cli x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates 2.7 M php-common x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates 565 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+5 Dependent packages) Total download size: 7.5 M Installed size: 27 M Downloading packages: (1/6): httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 91 kB 00:00:00 (2/6): php-cli-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:00 (3/6): libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 48 kB 00:00:00 (4/6): php-common-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 565 kB 00:00:00 (5/6): php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64.rpm | 1.4 MB 00:00:03 (6/6): httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm | 2.7 MB 00:00:06 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 1.1 MB/s | 7.5 MB 00:00:06 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Installing : libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64 1/6 Installing : php-common-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 2/6 Installing : php-cli-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 3/6 Installing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 4/6 Installing : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 5/6 Installing : php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 6/6 Verifying : php-cli-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 1/6 Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 2/6 Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-90.el7.centos.x86_64 3/6 Verifying : libzip-0.10.1-8.el7.x86_64 4/6 Verifying : php-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 5/6 Verifying : php-common-5.4.16-46.1.el7_7.x86_64 6/6 Installed: php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 Dependency Installed: httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-90.el7.centos libzip.x86_64 0:0.10.1-8.el7 php-cli.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 php-common.x86_64 0:5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 Complete! [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
2>.安装php软件后查看相关配置文件
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# rpm -ql php /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf #httpd的配置文件中多出来一个子配置文件 /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/10-php.conf #自动安装了模块相关的配置，该配置文件中有php相关模块的加载 /usr/lib64/httpd/modules/libphp5.so #在apache httpd server模块存放目录生成了PHP相关的模块库,libphp5.so支持MPM为prefork，而event和worker的MPM需要libphp5-zts.so支持哟~ /usr/share/httpd/icons/php.gif /var/lib/php/session [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf # # Cause the PHP interpreter to handle files with a .php extension. # <FilesMatch .php$> SetHandler application/x-httpd-php </FilesMatch> # # Allow php to handle Multiviews # AddType text/html .php # # Add index.php to the list of files that will be served as directory # indexes. # DirectoryIndex index.php # # Uncomment the following lines to allow PHP to pretty-print .phps # files as PHP source code: # #<FilesMatch .phps$> # SetHandler application/x-httpd-php-source #</FilesMatch> # # Apache specific PHP configuration options # those can be override in each configured vhost # php_value session.save_handler "files" php_value session.save_path "/var/lib/php/session" [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /etc/httpd/conf.modules.d/10-php.conf # # PHP is an HTML-embedded scripting language which attempts to make it # easy for developers to write dynamically generated webpages. # <IfModule prefork.c> LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so </IfModule> [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
3>.编写php测试代码
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# vim /var/www/html/test.php #编写php测试代码 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /var/www/html/test.php <?php phpinfo(); ?> [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# httpd -t Syntax OK [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# systemctl start httpd #配置完成后，启动httpd服务 [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ss -ntl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* [root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]#
4>.客户端访问httpd服务指定资源
六.LAMP架构实战案例
通过上面的学习，我们了解到如何通过php的模块去连接数据库,与此同时也写过一些php测试代码，想必对PHP这个脚本解释性语言有了大致的了解。 但毕竟咱们不是专业的php开发人员，想要使用PHP开发大型的网站项目规矩还够呛啊，值得庆幸的是，有很多开源的php项目，咱们开源拿过来安装一下练练手。 博主推荐阅读基于module(php方式实现): PhpMyAdmin案例 https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12019502.html WordPress案例
https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12019875.html Discuz!论坛案例 https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12020030.html
博主推荐阅读基于fastcgi(php-fpm方式实现):
https://www.cnblogs.com/yinzhengjie/p/12020168.html