Nginx核心配置-检测文件是否存在

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　Nginx核心配置-检测文件是否存在

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　作者：尹正杰

版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。

　　try_files会按顺序检查文件是否存在，返回第一个找到的文件或文件夹（结尾加斜线表示为文件夹），如果所有文件或文件夹都找不到，会进行一个内部重定向到最后一个参数。只有最后一个参数可以引起一个内部重定向，之前的参数只设置内部URI的指向。最后一个参数是回退URI且必须存在，否则会出现内部500错误。

一.try_files使用案例1

1>.编辑主配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  4;
worker_cpu_affinity 00000001 00000010 00000100 00001000; 

events {
    worker_connections  100000;
    use epoll;
    accept_mutex on;
    multi_accept on; 
}

http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    gzip  on;
    charset utf-8;
    keepalive_timeout  65 65;
     
    #导入其他路径的配置文件
    include /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

2>.编辑子配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/auth.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;

    location / {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static;
        index index.html;
    }

    location /login {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx;
        index index.html;
        try_files $uri /default.html;　　　　　　　　　　#如果访问当前localtion出现了错误页面，都会被跳转到"/default.html"
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

3>.创建测试数据

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1 style='color:rgb(255,0,255)'>Defalut</h1>" > /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static/default.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/ -R
/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 24 Dec 17 12:49 login
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 44 Dec 17 12:54 static

/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/login:
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171 Dec 17 09:41 index.html

/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static:
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46 Dec 17 12:53 default.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73 Dec 17 12:54 index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static/default.html 
<h1 style='color:rgb(255,0,255)'>Defalut</h1>
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

4>.重新加载配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root      2840     1  0 09:37 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     4011  2840  0 12:38 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4012  2840  0 12:38 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4013  2840  0 12:38 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4014  2840  0 12:38 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root      2840     1  0 09:37 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     4066  2840  2 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4067  2840  3 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4068  2840  3 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4069  2840  3 12:42 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

5>.浏览器访问一个不存在的页面,默认匹配到的是"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/default.html"。

二.try_files使用案例2

1>.编辑子配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/auth.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;

    location / {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static;
        index index.html;
    }

    location /login {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx;
        index index.html;
        #try_files $uri /default.html;
        try_files $uri $uri.html $uri/index.html /default.html;　　　　　　　　#根据给定的参数依次匹配，首先获取到用户输入的uri,然后用用户的uri的值添加".html"后缀进行配置，若不成功就继续访问uri目录下的index.html，若前面两个都匹配失败，则最后匹配"/defalut.html"。
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

2>.编写测试数据

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/login/
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171 Dec 17 09:41 index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1 style='color:rgb(0,0,255)'>Golang</h1>" > /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/login/go.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# mkdir /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/login/test
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# echo "<h1 style='color:rgb(255,0,255)'>TEST Page</h1>"  > /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/login/test/index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ll /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/ -R
/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/:
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 43 Dec 17 13:04 index.html
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 51 Dec 17 13:08 login
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 44 Dec 17 12:54 static

/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/login:
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  43 Dec 17 13:08 go.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 171 Dec 17 09:41 index.html
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  24 Dec 17 13:09 test

/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/login/test:
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 48 Dec 17 13:09 index.html

/yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static:
total 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 46 Dec 17 12:53 default.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 73 Dec 17 12:54 index.html
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

3>.重新加载配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx |grep -v grep
root      2840     1  0 09:37 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     4434  2840  0 13:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4435  2840  0 13:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4436  2840  0 13:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4437  2840  0 13:06 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx |grep -v grep
root      2840     1  0 09:37 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     4497  2840  2 13:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4498  2840  2 13:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4499  2840  2 13:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4500  2840  3 13:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

4>.客户端验证

　　浏览器输入:"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/login/test",匹配到了"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/login/test/index.html"的内容,如下图所示。

　　浏览器输入:"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/login/go",匹配到的是:"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/login/go.html",如下图所示

　　浏览器输入一个不存在的路径，默认匹配到的是"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/default.html",如下图所示。

三.try_files使用案例3

1>.编写子配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# cat /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf.d/auth.conf 
server {
    listen 80;
    server_name node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn;

    location / {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx/static;
        index index.html;
    }

    location /login {
        root /yinzhengjie/data/web/nginx;
        index index.html;
        #try_files $uri /default.html;
        #try_files $uri $uri.html $uri/index.html /default.html;
        try_files $uri $uri.html $uri/index.html /default.html =888;
    }
}
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /yinzhengjie/softwares/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

2>.重新加载配置文件

[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root      2840     1  0 09:37 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     4497  2840  0 13:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4498  2840  0 13:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4499  2840  0 13:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4500  2840  0 13:14 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# nginx -s reload
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# ps -ef | grep nginx | grep -v grep
root      2840     1  0 09:37 ?        00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx
nginx     4604  2840  1 13:23 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4605  2840  2 13:23 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4606  2840  2 13:23 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx     4607  2840  2 13:23 ?        00:00:00 nginx: worker process
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 
[root@node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn ~]# 

3>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/login/",如下图所示

4>.浏览器访问"http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/login/test",如下图所示

5>.浏览器访问一个不存在的资源， "http://node101.yinzhengjie.org.cn/login/",如下图所示