Go语言的ORM库xorm实战篇
作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
xorm是一个简单而强大的Go语言ORM库. 通过它可以使数据库操作非常简便。
一.环境准备
1>.准备测试数据
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile epel/x86_64/metalink | 6.6 kB 00:00:00 * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * epel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com * extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/3): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 1.3 MB 00:00:00 (2/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:01 epel/x86_64/primary_db FAILED http://hk.mirrors.thegigabit.com/epel/7/x86_64/repodata/c0bb886c57e1b6e3dc9bcc5569e4b0231ef9d641a0ee033573d3e02d9a233952-primary.sqlite.bz2: [Errno 14] HTTP Error 404 - Not FoundTrying other mirror. To address this issue please refer to the below wiki article https://wiki.centos.org/yum-errors If above article doesn't help to resolve this issue please use https://bugs.centos.org/. (3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.8 MB 00:00:01 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: mariadb-libs(x86-64) = 1:5.5.65-1.el7 for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: mariadb(x86-64) = 1:5.5.65-1.el7 for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBI for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(Data::Dumper) for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(DBI) for package: 1:mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.60-1.el7_5 will be updated ---> Package mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 will be an update ---> Package perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlServer) >= 0.2001 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: perl(RPC::PlClient) >= 0.2000 for package: perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 ---> Package perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon) >= 0.13 for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Test) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Net::Daemon::Log) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Zlib) for package: perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Zlib) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: perl(Compress::Raw::Bzip2) >= 2.061 for package: perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch ---> Package perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 will be installed ---> Package perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ============================================================================================================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ============================================================================================================================================================================ Installing: mariadb-server x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 base 11 M Installing for dependencies: mariadb x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 base 8.7 M perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2 x86_64 2.061-3.el7 base 32 k perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 base 57 k perl-DBD-MySQL x86_64 4.023-6.el7 base 140 k perl-DBI x86_64 1.627-4.el7 base 802 k perl-Data-Dumper x86_64 2.145-3.el7 base 47 k perl-IO-Compress noarch 2.061-2.el7 base 260 k perl-Net-Daemon noarch 0.48-5.el7 base 51 k perl-PlRPC noarch 0.2020-14.el7 base 36 k Updating for dependencies: mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 base 759 k Transaction Summary ============================================================================================================================================================================ Install 1 Package (+9 Dependent packages) Upgrade ( 1 Dependent package) Total download size: 22 M Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. (1/11): perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 32 kB 00:00:00 (2/11): mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 759 kB 00:00:00 (3/11): perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 57 kB 00:00:00 (4/11): perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64.rpm | 140 kB 00:00:00 (5/11): perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 802 kB 00:00:00 (6/11): perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64.rpm | 47 kB 00:00:00 (7/11): perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch.rpm | 51 kB 00:00:00 (8/11): perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch.rpm | 260 kB 00:00:00 (9/11): mariadb-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 8.7 MB 00:00:02 (10/11): mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 11 MB 00:00:02 (11/11): perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch.rpm | 36 kB 00:00:00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 9.5 MB/s | 22 MB 00:00:02 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Updating : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 1/12 Installing : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 2/12 Installing : 1:mariadb-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 3/12 Installing : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 4/12 Installing : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 5/12 Installing : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 6/12 Installing : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 7/12 Installing : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 8/12 Installing : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 9/12 Installing : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 10/12 Installing : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 11/12 Cleanup : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 12/12 Verifying : 1:mariadb-server-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 1/12 Verifying : perl-Net-Daemon-0.48-5.el7.noarch 2/12 Verifying : perl-Data-Dumper-2.145-3.el7.x86_64 3/12 Verifying : perl-DBD-MySQL-4.023-6.el7.x86_64 4/12 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 5/12 Verifying : perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2-2.061-3.el7.x86_64 6/12 Verifying : 1:perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib-2.061-4.el7.x86_64 7/12 Verifying : perl-DBI-1.627-4.el7.x86_64 8/12 Verifying : perl-IO-Compress-2.061-2.el7.noarch 9/12 Verifying : perl-PlRPC-0.2020-14.el7.noarch 10/12 Verifying : 1:mariadb-5.5.65-1.el7.x86_64 11/12 Verifying : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.60-1.el7_5.x86_64 12/12 Installed: mariadb-server.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 Dependency Installed: mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Bzip2.x86_64 0:2.061-3.el7 perl-Compress-Raw-Zlib.x86_64 1:2.061-4.el7 perl-DBD-MySQL.x86_64 0:4.023-6.el7 perl-DBI.x86_64 0:1.627-4.el7 perl-Data-Dumper.x86_64 0:2.145-3.el7 perl-IO-Compress.noarch 0:2.061-2.el7 perl-Net-Daemon.noarch 0:0.48-5.el7 perl-PlRPC.noarch 0:0.2020-14.el7 Dependency Updated: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.65-1.el7 Complete! [root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# systemctl start mariadb [root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# [root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# systemctl enable mariadb Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service. [root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie.com ~]# mysql Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MariaDB connection id is 2 Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> create database golang CHARACTER SET utf8mb4; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER jason@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'yinzhengjie'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL ON golang.* TO jason@'%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> MariaDB [(none)]> quit Bye [root@yinzhengjie.com ~]#
2>.安装xorm驱动
GitHub地址: https://github.com/go-xorm/xorm 安装xorm驱动: go get github.com/go-xorm/xorm
3>.安装mysql驱动
安装Go语言的MySQL驱动: go get github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql
二.查询操作
1>.查询所有数据
package main import ( "fmt" _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" "github.com/go-xorm/xorm" "log" ) //结构体字段对应数据库中的表字段 type User struct { Id int64 Name string `xorm:"name"` Age int `xorm:"age"` Phone string `xorm:"phone"` Address string `xorm:"address"` } func main() { /** 配置连接数据库信息格式如下所示: 用户名:密码@tcp(数据库服务器地址:端口)/数据库名称?charset=字符集 */ cmd := fmt.Sprintf("jason:yinzhengjie@tcp(172.200.1.254:3306)/golang?charset=utf8mb4") //使用上面的配置信息连接数据库,但要指定数据库的类型(我这里写MySQL) db_conn, err := xorm.NewEngine("mysql", cmd) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } //释放资源 defer db_conn.Close() users := make([]User, 0) //等效于"var users []User" //获取所有资源 err = db_conn.Find(&users) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } else { for _, user := range users { log.Println(user.Id, user.Name, user.Age, user.Address) } } }
2>.过滤查询数据
package main import ( "fmt" _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" "github.com/go-xorm/xorm" "log" ) //结构体字段对应数据库中的表字段 type User struct { Id int64 Name string `xorm:"name"` Age int `xorm:"age"` Phone string `xorm:"phone"` Address string `xorm:"address"` } func main() { /** 配置连接数据库信息格式如下所示: 用户名:密码@tcp(数据库服务器地址:端口)/数据库名称?charset=字符集 */ cmd := fmt.Sprintf("jason:yinzhengjie@tcp(172.200.1.254:3306)/golang?charset=utf8mb4") //使用上面的配置信息连接数据库,但要指定数据库的类型(我这里写MySQL) db_conn, err := xorm.NewEngine("mysql", cmd) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } //释放资源 defer db_conn.Close() var users []User //等效于"users := make([]User, 0)" //过滤数据(年龄在19-25岁之间) err = db_conn.Where("age > ? and age < ?", 19, 25).Find(&users) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } else { for _, user := range users { log.Println(user.Id, user.Name, user.Age, user.Address) } } }
三.插入操作
package main import ( "fmt" _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" "github.com/go-xorm/xorm" "log" ) //结构体字段对应数据库中的表字段 type User struct { Id int64 Name string `xorm:"name"` Age int `xorm:"age"` Phone string `xorm:"phone"` Address string `xorm:"address"` } func main() { /** 配置连接数据库信息格式如下所示: 用户名:密码@tcp(数据库服务器地址:端口)/数据库名称?charset=字符集 */ cmd := fmt.Sprintf("jason:yinzhengjie@tcp(172.200.1.254:3306)/golang?charset=utf8mb4") //使用上面的配置信息连接数据库,但要指定数据库的类型(我这里写MySQL) db_conn, err := xorm.NewEngine("mysql", cmd) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } //释放资源 defer db_conn.Close() //定义待插入用户的数据 new_user := User{ Id: 3, Name: "诡术妖姬", Age: 25, Phone: "1000001", Address: "艾欧尼亚", } n, err := db_conn.Insert(new_user) fmt.Printf("成功插入了[%d]条数据! ", n) }
四.删除操作
package main import ( "fmt" _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" "github.com/go-xorm/xorm" "log" ) //结构体字段对应数据库中的表字段 type User struct { Id int64 Name string `xorm:"name"` Age int `xorm:"age"` Phone string `xorm:"phone"` Address string `xorm:"address"` } func main() { /** 配置连接数据库信息格式如下所示: 用户名:密码@tcp(数据库服务器地址:端口)/数据库名称?charset=字符集 */ cmd := fmt.Sprintf("jason:yinzhengjie@tcp(172.200.1.254:3306)/golang?charset=utf8mb4") //使用上面的配置信息连接数据库,但要指定数据库的类型(我这里写MySQL) db_conn, err := xorm.NewEngine("mysql", cmd) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } //释放资源 defer db_conn.Close() user := User{} //定义删除name字段为"诡术妖姬"的数据 n, err := db_conn.Where("name = ?", "诡术妖姬").Delete(user) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } fmt.Printf("成功删除了[%d]条数据! ", n) }
五.更新操作
package main import ( "fmt" _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql" "github.com/go-xorm/xorm" "log" ) //结构体字段对应数据库中的表字段 type User struct { Id int64 Name string `xorm:"name"` Age int `xorm:"age"` Phone string `xorm:"phone"` Address string `xorm:"address"` } func main() { /** 配置连接数据库信息格式如下所示: 用户名:密码@tcp(数据库服务器地址:端口)/数据库名称?charset=字符集 */ cmd := fmt.Sprintf("jason:yinzhengjie@tcp(172.200.1.254:3306)/golang?charset=utf8mb4") //使用上面的配置信息连接数据库,但要指定数据库的类型(我这里写MySQL) db_conn, err := xorm.NewEngine("mysql", cmd) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } //释放资源 defer db_conn.Close() //定义待更新的字段内容 user := User{Age: 27} //定义删除name字段为"诡术妖姬"的数据 n, err := db_conn.Where("id = ?", 1).Update(user) if err != nil { log.Println(err) } fmt.Printf("成功更新了[%d]条数据! ", n) }
