题目描述
阿兰是某机密部门的打字员,她现在接到一个任务:需要在一天之内输入几百个长度固定为6的密码。当然,她希望输入的过程中敲击键盘的总次数越少越好。
不幸的是,出于保密的需要,该部门用于输入密码的键盘是特殊设计的,键盘上没有数字键,而只有以下六个键:swap0,swap1,up,down,left,right。为了说明这6个键的作用,我们先定义录入区的6个位置的编号,从左至右依次为1,2,3,4,5,6。下面列出每个键的作用:
swap0:按swap0,光标位置不变,将光标所在的位置的数字与录入区的1号位置的数字(左起第一个数字)交换。如果光标已经处在录入区的1号位置,则按swap0键之后录入区的数字不变。
swap1:按swap1,光标位置不变,将光标所在位置的数字与录入区的6号位置的数字(左起第六个数字)交换。如果光标已经处在录入区的6号位置,则按swap1键之后录入区的数字不变。
up:按up,光标位置不变,讲光标所在位置的数字加1(除非该数字是9)。例如,如果光标所在位置的数字为2,按up之后,该处的数字变为3;如果光标所在位置的数字为9,按up之后,该处的数字不变,光标位置也不变;
down:按down,光标位置不变,讲光标所在位置的数字减1(除非该数字是0)。如果光标所在位置的数字为0,按down之后,该处的数字不变,光标位置也不变;
left:按left,光标左移一个位置,如果光标已在录入区的1号位置(左起第一个位置)上,则光标不动;
right:按right,光标右移一个位置,如果光标已在录入区的6号位置(左起第六个位置)上,则光标不动;
当然,为了使这样的键盘发挥作用,每次录入密码之前,录入区总会随机出现一个长度为6的初始密码,而且光标会固定出现在1号位置上。当巧妙的使用上述六个特殊键之后,可以得到目标密码,这时光标允许停留在任何一个位置。
现在,阿兰需要你的帮助,编写一个程序,求出录入一个密码需要的最少的击键次数。
输入输出格式
输入格式:
仅一行,含有两个长度为6的数,前者为初始密码,后者为目标密码,两个密码之间用一个空格隔开。
输出格式:
仅一行,含有一个正整数,为最少需要的击键次数。
输入输出样例
输入样例#1:
123456 654321
输出样例#1:
11
主要思路:BFS + 循环队列
这个题的数只有6位,我们直接当六位数存不就好了
首先不能写DFS,明显这题BFS要比DFS更优(DFS不就退化成了穷举吗(大雾))
swap0,swap1,up,down操作,直接模拟就好,left和right就更好办了,直接更新光标左右就好。
code#1:36分(肯定TLE了)
福利:自带野生debug代码
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;
#define go(i,j,n,k) for(int i=j;i<=n;i+=k)
#define fo(i,j,n,k) for(int i=j;i>=n;i-=k)
inline ll read(){
ll x=0,f=1;char ch=getchar();
while(ch>'9'||ch<'0'){if(ch=='-')f=-f;ch=getchar();}
while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){x=x*10+ch-'0';ch=getchar();}
return x*f;
}
inline void fre() {
freopen(".in", "r", stdin);
freopen(".out", "w", stdout);
}
int st, ed;
int vis[1000100][7]; // 判重数组
inline int swap0(int x, int now) {
int res = 1;
now = 6 - now + 1;
go(i, 1, now - 1, 1) res *= 10;
int xx = (x / res) % 10;
int yy = (x / 100000);
int ans = x;
ans -= xx * res;
ans -= yy * 100000;
ans += xx * 100000;
ans += yy * res;
return ans;
}
inline int swap1(int x, int now) {
int res = 1;
now = 6 - now + 1;
go(i, 1, now - 1, 1) res *= 10;
int xx = (x / res) % 10;
int yy = x % 10;
int ans = x;
ans -= xx * res;
ans -= yy;
ans += xx;
ans += yy * res;
return ans;
}
inline int up(int x, int now) {
int res = 1;
now = 6 - now + 1;
go(i, 1, now - 1, 1) res *= 10;
int ju = (x / res) % 10;
if(ju == 9) return x;
return x + res;
}
inline int down(int x, int now) {
int res = 1;
now = 6 - now + 1;
go(i, 1, now - 1, 1) res *= 10;
int ju = (x / res) % 10;
if(ju == 0) return x;
return x - res;
}
// 四种操作
inline void debug() {
puts("debug模式:");
puts("1.swap0 2.swap1");
puts("3.up 4.down");
int s = read(), st = read(), now = read();
if(s == 1) {
cout << swap0(st, now) << "
";
} else if(s == 2) {
cout << swap1(st, now) << "
";
} else if(s == 3) {
cout << up(st, now) << "
";
} else if(s == 4) {
cout << down(st, now) << "
";
}
}
struct node{
int x, now, dep;
node(int _x = 0, int _now = 0, int _dep = 0) : x(_x), now(_now), dep(_dep) {}
node() : node(0, 0, 0) {}
};
queue<node> q;
inline int bfs(int st, int ed) {
q.push(node(st, 1, 0));
while(!q.empty()) {
node get = q.front(); q.pop();
int oo, x = get.x, now = get.now, deep = get.dep;
vis[x][now] = 1;
if(x == ed)
return deep;
oo = swap0(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) q.push(node(oo, now, deep + 1));
oo = swap1(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) q.push(node(oo, now, deep + 1));
oo = up(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) q.push(node(oo, now, deep + 1));
oo = down(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) q.push(node(oo, now, deep + 1));
if(now > 1 && !vis[x][now - 1]) q.push(node(x, now - 1, deep + 1)); // 注意这里的特判!now不能越界!
if(now < 6 && !vis[x][now + 1]) q.push(node(x, now + 1, deep + 1)); // 注意这里的特判!now不能越界!
}
}
int main(){
//fre();
// while(1)
// debug();
st = read(), ed = read();
if(st == ed) {
cout << "0
";
return 0;
}
cout << bfs(st, ed) << "
";
return 0;
}
为什么会TLE?
首先,尽管我们在入队之前就已经判重了,但是这个代码会重复插一样的点,所以我们可以在从队列中取出时来再次判重。
而且,众所周知,有种说法说STL很慢,所以我好奇的自己手写了个队列。
code#2:72分(这次WA了)
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define go(i,j,n,k) for(int i=j;i<=n;i+=k)
#define fo(i,j,n,k) for(int i=j;i>=n;i-=k)
#define mn 10000100
inline ll read(){
ll x=0,f=1;char ch=getchar();
while(ch>'9'||ch<'0'){if(ch=='-')f=-f;ch=getchar();}
while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){x=x*10+ch-'0';ch=getchar();}
return x*f;
}
inline void fre() {
freopen(".in", "r", stdin);
freopen(".out", "w", stdout);
}
int st, ed;
bool vis[1000100][7]; // 判重数组
int ans = inf;
int ress[7] = {0, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000};
inline int swap0(int x, int now) {
now = 6 - now + 1;
int res = ress[now];
int xx = (x / res) % 10;
int yy = (x / 100000);
int ans = x;
ans -= xx * res;
ans -= yy * 100000;
ans += xx * 100000;
ans += yy * res;
return ans;
}
inline int swap1(int x, int now) {
now = 6 - now + 1;
int res = ress[now];
int xx = (x / res) % 10;
int yy = x % 10;
int ans = x;
ans -= xx * res;
ans -= yy;
ans += xx;
ans += yy * res;
return ans;
}
inline int up(int x, int now) {
now = 6 - now + 1;
int res = ress[now];
int ju = (x / res) % 10;
if(ju == 9) return x;
return x + res;
}
inline int down(int x, int now) {
now = 6 - now + 1;
int res = ress[now];
int ju = (x / res) % 10;
if(ju == 0) return x;
return x - res;
}
inline void debug() {
puts("debug模式:");
puts("1.swap0 2.swap1");
puts("3.up 4.down");
int s = read(), st = read(), now = read();
if(s == 1) {
cout << swap0(st, now) << "
";
} else if(s == 2) {
cout << swap1(st, now) << "
";
} else if(s == 3) {
cout << up(st, now) << "
";
} else if(s == 4) {
cout << down(st, now) << "
";
}
}
// 手写队列哦QwQ
int X[mn], Now[mn], dep[mn], head = 1, tail = 0;
int x, now, oo, deep;
inline int bfs(int st, int ed) {
++tail, X[tail] = st, Now[tail] = 1, dep[tail] = 0;
while(head <= tail) {
x = X[head], now = Now[head], deep = dep[head]; head++;
// cout << x << " " << now << " " << deep << "
";
if(vis[x][now]) continue; // 调用前再次判重
vis[x][now] = 1;
if(x == ed) return deep;
oo = swap0(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) ++tail, X[tail] = oo, Now[tail] = now, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
oo = swap1(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) ++tail, X[tail] = oo, Now[tail] = now, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
oo = up(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) ++tail, X[tail] = oo, Now[tail] = now, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
oo = down(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) ++tail, X[tail] = oo, Now[tail] = now, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
if(now > 1 && !vis[x][now - 1]) ++tail, X[tail] = x, Now[tail] = now - 1, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
if(now < 6 && !vis[x][now + 1]) ++tail, X[tail] = x, Now[tail] = now + 1, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
}
return deep + 1;
}
int main(){
st = read(), ed = read();
if(st == ed) {
cout << "0
";
return 0;
}
cout << bfs(st, ed) << "
";
return 0;
}
怎么还不AC
我们可以试着把数组开大点,咦?多了9分?
好像是数组大小??但是我的空间已经开到最大了啊
这个时候就可以用循环队列卡空间了
具体写法看代码
code#3:100分
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cmath>
#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;
#define go(i,j,n,k) for(int i=j;i<=n;i+=k)
#define fo(i,j,n,k) for(int i=j;i>=n;i-=k)
#define mn 10000100
inline ll read(){
ll x=0,f=1;char ch=getchar();
while(ch>'9'||ch<'0'){if(ch=='-')f=-f;ch=getchar();}
while(ch>='0'&&ch<='9'){x=x*10+ch-'0';ch=getchar();}
return x*f;
}
inline void fre() {
freopen(".in", "r", stdin);
freopen(".out", "w", stdout);
}
int st, ed;
bool vis[1000100][7]; // 判重数组
int ress[7] = {0, 1, 10, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000};
int res, xx, yy, ans, ju;
inline int swap0(int x, int now) {
now = 6 - now + 1;
res = ress[now];
xx = (x / res) % 10;
yy = (x / 100000);
ans = x;
ans -= xx * res;
ans -= yy * 100000;
ans += xx * 100000;
ans += yy * res;
return ans;
}
inline int swap1(int x, int now) {
now = 6 - now + 1;
res = ress[now];
xx = (x / res) % 10;
yy = x % 10;
ans = x;
ans -= xx * res;
ans -= yy;
ans += xx;
ans += yy * res;
return ans;
}
inline int up(int x, int now) {
now = 6 - now + 1;
res = ress[now];
ju = (x / res) % 10;
if(ju == 9) return x;
return x + res;
}
inline int down(int x, int now) {
now = 6 - now + 1;
res = ress[now];
ju = (x / res) % 10;
if(ju == 0) return x;
return x - res;
}
inline void debug() {
puts("debug模式:");
puts("1.swap0 2.swap1");
puts("3.up 4.down");
int s = read(), st = read(), now = read();
if(s == 1) {
cout << swap0(st, now) << "
";
} else if(s == 2) {
cout << swap1(st, now) << "
";
} else if(s == 3) {
cout << up(st, now) << "
";
} else if(s == 4) {
cout << down(st, now) << "
";
}
}
int X[mn], Now[mn], dep[mn], head = 0, tail = 0;
int x, now, oo, deep;
inline int bfs(int st, int ed) {
++tail, X[tail] = st, Now[tail] = 1, dep[tail] = 0;
while(head != tail) { // 这里就不能是head <= tail了
++head;
if(head > 10000000) head = 0; // 记得循环
x = X[head], now = Now[head], deep = dep[head];
// cout << x << " " << now << " " << deep << "
";
if(x == ed) return deep;
if(vis[x][now]) continue;
vis[x][now] = 1;
oo = swap0(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) { // 都要循环的QAQ
if(++tail > 10000000) tail = 0;
X[tail] = oo, Now[tail] = now, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
}
oo = swap1(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) {
if(++tail > 10000000) tail = 0;
X[tail] = oo, Now[tail] = now, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
}
oo = up(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) {
if(++tail > 10000000) tail = 0;
X[tail] = oo, Now[tail] = now, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
}
oo = down(x, now);
if(!vis[oo][now]) {
if(++tail > 10000000) tail = 0;
X[tail] = oo, Now[tail] = now, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
}
if(now > 1 && !vis[x][now - 1]) {
if(++tail > 10000000) tail = 0;
X[tail] = x, Now[tail] = now - 1, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
}
if(now < 6 && !vis[x][now + 1]) {
if(++tail > 10000000) tail = 0;
X[tail] = x, Now[tail] = now + 1, dep[tail] = deep + 1;
}
}
return deep + 1;
}
int main(){
st = read(), ed = read();
if(st == ed) {
cout << "0
";
return 0;
}
cout << bfs(st, ed) << "
";
return 0;
}