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Oracle11g更改sid和dbname分为两个阶段：
第一阶段改sid，第二阶段改dbname
下面描述详细步骤
一、首先更改sid
1.1、登录数据库查看先前的sid，总共三步
[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 05:53:08 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes
Fixed Size 1337748 bytes
Variable Size 360711788 bytes
Database Buffers 171966464 bytes
Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select instance from v$thread ;
INSTANCE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
orcl
SQL> view plaincopyprint?
1.2、关闭数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
1.3、编辑/etc/oratab文件，把所有orcl换成dbnms
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim /etc/oratab
1.4、更改oracle用户的 .bash_profile文件
[oracle@localhost ~]$ vim .bash_profile
:%s/oral/mzh/g
1.5、使改好的.bash_profile文件生效
[oracle@localhost ~]$ .bash_profile
1.6、查看系统环境变量
[oracle@localhost ~]$ env |grep ORACLE
ORACLE_SID=mzh
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle
效果生成。
1.7、进入$ORACLE_HOME/dbs查看目录，看那些有orcl
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ll
total 64
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Jun 29 00:35 hc_DBUA0.dat
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle oinstall 1544 Aug 9 05:56 hc_mzh.dat
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2851 May 15 2009 init.ora
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Aug 8 06:46 lkHXY
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 24 Jun 29 00:47 lkMZH
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Aug 9 06:09 orapwmzh
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 28 22:50 peshm_DBUA0_0
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Aug 8 06:45 peshm_hxy_0
drwx------ 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 28 23:02 peshm_mzh_0
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 3584 Aug 9 05:53 spfilemzh.ora
1.8、更改文件名orcr>> mzh，ORCL>>MZH，命令如下：
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv hc_orcl.dat hc_mzh.dat
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwmzh
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv lkORCL lkMZH
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv peshm_orcl_0/ peshm_mzh_0/
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ mv spfileorcl.ora spfilemzh.ora
1.9、重行生成密码文件，并查看
注意最好把原来的删除掉（或者改名备份）
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=sys entries=5 force=y
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ ls -lrt orap*
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2048 Aug 9 06:09 orapwmzh
1.10、登录数据库，并查看实例名字，结果表明sid已由orcl变成mzh了
[oracle@localhost dbs]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes
Fixed Size 1337748 bytes
Variable Size 327157356 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> select instance from v$thread ;
INSTANCE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
mzh
二、更改数据库名dbname
2.1 备份控制文件
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace resetlogs;
Database altered.
2.2关闭并退出数据库
SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
2.3 查找控制文件
orcale 11.2g的控制文件的备份目录为
/u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace
[oracle@localhost trace]$ ls -lrt
[oracle@mazh dbs]$ ls /u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace -lrth
total 116K
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 259 Aug 8 06:45 mzh_ora_4808.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 15K Aug 8 06:45 mzh_ora_4808.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 57 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_mman_4845.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 796 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_mman_4845.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 57 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_dbrm_4839.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 839 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_dbrm_4839.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 57 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_mmon_4857.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 833 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_mmon_4857.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 67 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_j004_4909.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 912 Aug 8 06:46 mzh_j004_4909.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 112 Aug 8 06:47 mzh_j000_4900.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 2.8K Aug 8 06:47 mzh_j000_4900.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 67 Aug 8 06:58 mzh_ckpt_4851.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 905 Aug 8 06:58 mzh_ckpt_4851.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 78 Aug 8 06:58 mzh_j000_5233.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.8K Aug 8 06:58 mzh_j000_5233.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 57 Aug 8 08:04 mzh_j000_7066.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.1K Aug 8 08:04 mzh_j000_7066.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 139 Aug 8 08:43 mzh_vktm_4831.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 1.9K Aug 8 08:43 mzh_vktm_4831.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 407 Aug 8 08:43 mzh_ora_4871.trm
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.3K Aug 8 08:43 mzh_ora_4871.trc
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 6.2K Aug 8 08:43 alert_mzh.log
[oracle@localhost trace]$ vim alert_mzh.log
可以在 alter_mzh.log里找到contolfile的备份trc，sid_ora_nnnn.trc 最新的一个就是。
alter_mzh.log里面有这样一行字样，告诉你哪个是控制备份文件
Backup controlfile written to trace file /u01/app/diag/rdbms/orcl/mzh/trace/mzh_ora_4871.trc
2.5 复制修改
[oracle@localhost trace]$ cp mzh_ora_4871.trc mzh.sql
2.6 编辑修改复的控制文件
mzh.sql,也就是mzh_ora_4871.trc的复制品。
1）查找STARTUP NOMOUNT语句，将这一行上面的所有行都删除
2）查找所有以--开始的行，把这些行删除
3）查找所有的orcl修改为mzh，所有的ORCL修改为mzh
4）找到CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE...语句，将其中的REUSE修改为SET
5）找到RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE语句，将其用双横线（--）注释掉
结果如下：
[oracle@mazh dbs]$ cat /u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace/mzh.sql
STARTUP NOMOUNT
CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "MZH" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/redo01.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/redo02.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/redo03.log' SIZE 50M BLOCKSIZE 512
DATAFILE
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/system01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/sysaux01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/undotbs01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/users01.dbf',
'/u01/app/oradata/mzh/example01.dbf'
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8;
--RECOVER DATABASE USING BACKUP CONTROLFILE
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS;
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 30408704 REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 655360 MAXSIZE 32767M;
2.7 目录更改，这里和oracle 10g不一样，要注意。
[sql] view plaincopyprint
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls
orcl ORCL
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv orcl/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ mv ORCL/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd oradata/
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ mv orcl/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls
mzh
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd diag/
[oracle@localhost diag]$ ls
rdbms tnslsnr
[oracle@localhost diag]$ cd rdbms/
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ mv orcl/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ ls
mzh
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd mzh
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls
i_1.mif mzh
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost rdbms]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost diag]$ ls
rdbms tnslsnr
[oracle@localhost diag]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd admin/
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
orcl
[oracle@localhost admin]$ cd orcl/
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ ls
adump dpdump pfile
[oracle@localhost orcl]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost admin]$ mv orcl/ mzh/
[oracle@localhost admin]$ ls
mzh
[oracle@localhost admin]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL>
2.8 修改原控制文件。
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd mzh/
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls
control01.ctl redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ mv control01.ctl control01.ctl.aaa
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls
control01.ctl.aaa redo01.log redo03.log system01.dbf undotbs01.dbf
example01.dbf redo02.log sysaux01.dbf temp01.dbf users01.dbf
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ ls
mzh
[oracle@localhost oradata]$ cd ..
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ ls
admin cfgtoollogs checkpoints diag flash_recovery_area oradata product
[oracle@localhost oracle]$ cd flash_recovery_area/
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ ls
mzh mzh
[oracle@localhost flash_recovery_area]$ cd mzh/
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ ls
control02.ctl
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ mv control02.ctl control02.ctl.aaa
2.9 登录oracle重新生成spfile文件
[sql] view plaincopyprint?
[oracle@localhost mzh]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile='?/dbs/initmzh.ora';
File created.
2.10 调用前面步骤修改好的mzh.sql，目的是生成链接控制文件等
SQL> @/u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace/mzh.sql
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 539848704 bytes
Fixed Size 1337748 bytes
Variable Size 327157356 bytes
Database Buffers 205520896 bytes
Redo Buffers 5832704 bytes
Control file created.
Database altered.
Tablespace altered.
2.11 查看结果
SQL> select open_mode from v$database;
OPEN_MODE
--------------------
READ WRITE
SQL> show parameter name
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_file_name_convert string
db_name string mzh
db_unique_name string mzh
global_names boolean FALSE
instance_name string mzh
lock_name_space string
log_file_name_convert string
service_names string mzh.localdomain
SQL> select name from v$database;
NAME
---------
mzh
SQL>
有个小插曲在SQL> @/u01/app/diag/rdbms/mzh/mzh/trace/mzh.sql 时报错如下：
[oracle@mazh trace]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 09:03:56 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
ERROR:
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
ORA-01075: you are currently logged on
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
Enter user-name:
ERROR:
ORA-01017: invalid username/password; logon denied
SP2-0157: unable to CONNECT to ORACLE after 3 attempts, exiting SQL*Plus
[oracle@mazh trace]$ ps -ef|grep smo
root 470 7 0 07:10 ? 00:00:00 [kpsmoused]
oracle 5236 1 0 09:01 ? 00:00:00 ora_smon_mzh
oracle 5263 5047 0 09:04 pts/2 00:00:00 grep smo
[oracle@mazh trace]$ kill -9 5236
[oracle@mazh trace]$ ps -ef|grep smo
root 470 7 0 07:10 ? 00:00:00 [kpsmoused]
oracle 5265 5047 0 09:04 pts/2 00:00:00 grep smo
[oracle@mazh trace]$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 09:04:36 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> @mzh1.sql
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE "MZH" RESETLOGS NOARCHIVELOG
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01012: not logged on
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
ALTER DATABASE OPEN RESETLOGS
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01012: not logged on
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
ALTER TABLESPACE TEMP ADD TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oradata/mzh/temp01.dbf'
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01012: not logged on
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
在网上找了各种方法都不行，后来发现是
/u01/app/oracle/dbs/initmzh.ora里的参数竟然捣的鬼
以下什么原因导致的还不是很清楚，请各位高手给与指点下。
[oracle@mazh trace]$ vi /u01/app/oracle/dbs/initmzh.ora
orcl.__db_cache_size=83886080
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
orcl.__pga_aggregate_target=79691776
orcl.__sga_target=239075328
orcl.__shared_io_pool_size=0
orcl.__shared_pool_size=138412032
orcl.__streams_pool_size=4194304
mzh.__db_cache_size=83886080
mzh.__java_pool_size=4194304
mzh.__large_pool_size=4194304
mzh.__oracle_base='/u01/app'#ORACLE_BASE set from environment
mzh.__pga_aggregate_target=79691776
mzh.__sga_target=239075328
mzh.__shared_io_pool_size=0
mzh.__shared_pool_size=109051904
mzh.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/admin/mzh/adump'
*.audit_trail='db'
*.compatible='11.2.0.0.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oradata/mzh/control01.ctl','/u01/app/flash_recovery_area/mzh/control02.ctl'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_domain=''
*.db_name='mzh'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=4039114752
*.diagnostic_dest='/u01/app'
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=mzhXDB)'
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=78643200
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=235929600
*.timed_statistics=TRUE
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'