图表分析

1 绘制柱状图

1.1 建立数据库表

create database db_Store;
create table tb_store(
sto_id int primary key,
sto_area float not null,
sto_name varchar(20) not null
);

insert into tb_store(sto_id,sto_area,sto_name)
values(1,900,'仓库1');
insert into tb_store(sto_id,sto_area,sto_name)
values(2,800,'仓库1');
insert into tb_store(sto_id,sto_area,sto_name)
values(3,700,'仓库1');
insert into tb_store(sto_id,sto_area,sto_name)
values(4,1300,'仓库1');
insert into tb_store(sto_id,sto_area,sto_name)
values(5,1200,'仓库1');

1.2 窗体代码

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //生成连接数据库字符串
            string ConStr = @"Data Source=YHWY\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=db_Store;Integrated Security=True";
            //定义SQqlConnection对象实例
            SqlConnection Con = new SqlConnection(ConStr);
            Con.Open();
            //select查询语句
            string SqlStr = "select sto_id,sto_area from tb_store order by sto_id";
            //定义SqlCommand对象实例
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SqlStr, Con);
            //定义SqlDataReader对象实例
            SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
            //定义Bitmap对象实例
            Bitmap bitM=new Bitmap(this.panel1.Width,this.panel1.Height);
            //定义Graphics对象实例
            Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitM);
            g.Clear(Color.Yellow);

            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                g.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(Color.Blue), 2.0f), 80, 
                    this.panel1.Height - 30 - i * 30, this.panel1.Width - 40, this.panel1.Height - 30 - i * 30);
                g.DrawString(Convert.ToString(i * 300), new Font("Times New Roman", 15, FontStyle.Regular),
                    new SolidBrush(Color.Black), 30, this.panel1.Height - 50 - i * 30);
            }

            for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
            {
                if (dr.Read())
                {
                    int x, y, w, h;
                    //绘制图标的横坐标
                    g.DrawString(dr[0].ToString(), new Font("宋体", 12, FontStyle.Regular),
                        new SolidBrush(Color.Black), 76 + 60 * j, this.panel1.Height - 28);
                    x = 78 + 58 * j;
                    y = this.panel1.Height - 30 - Convert.ToInt32((Convert.ToDouble(Convert.ToDouble(dr[1].ToString()) * 20 / 200)));
                    w = 20;
                    h = Convert.ToInt32(Convert.ToDouble(dr[1].ToString()) * 20 / 200);
                    g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0)), x, y, w, h);
                }
            }
            //在Panel控件上绘制柱状图表
            this.panel1.BackgroundImage = bitM;
        }
        
        /*升序与降序差别在于SQL语句不同*/
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //生成连接数据库字符串
            string ConStr = @"Data Source=YHWY\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=db_Store;Integrated Security=True";
            //定义SQqlConnection对象实例
            SqlConnection Con = new SqlConnection(ConStr);
            Con.Open();
            //select查询语句
            string SqlStr = "select sto_id,sto_area from tb_store order by sto_area desc";
            //定义SqlCommand对象实例
            SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(SqlStr, Con);
            //定义SqlDataReader对象实例
            SqlDataReader dr = cmd.ExecuteReader();
            //定义Bitmap对象实例
            Bitmap bitM = new Bitmap(this.panel1.Width, this.panel1.Height);
            //定义Graphics对象实例
            Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(bitM);
            g.Clear(Color.Yellow);

            for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)
            {
                g.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(Color.Blue), 2.0f), 80,
                    this.panel1.Height - 30 - i * 30, this.panel1.Width - 40, this.panel1.Height - 30 - i * 30);
                g.DrawString(Convert.ToString(i * 300), new Font("Times New Roman", 15, FontStyle.Regular),
                    new SolidBrush(Color.Black), 30, this.panel1.Height - 50 - i * 30);
            }

            for (int j = 0; j < 5; j++)
            {
                if (dr.Read())
                {
                    int x, y, w, h;
                    //绘制图标的横坐标
                    g.DrawString(dr[0].ToString(), new Font("宋体", 12, FontStyle.Regular),
                        new SolidBrush(Color.Black), 76 + 60 * j, this.panel1.Height - 28);
                    x = 78 + 58 * j;
                    y = this.panel1.Height - 30 - Convert.ToInt32((Convert.ToDouble(Convert.ToDouble(dr[1].ToString()) * 20 / 200)));
                    w = 20;
                    h = Convert.ToInt32(Convert.ToDouble(dr[1].ToString()) * 20 / 200);
                    g.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(Color.FromArgb(255, 0, 0)), x, y, w, h);
                }
            }
            //在Panel控件上绘制柱状图表
            this.panel1.BackgroundImage = bitM;
        }

1.3 窗体运行

2 绘制折线图

2.1 建立数据库表

create database db_Store;
create table tb_productsale(
pro_id int primary key,
pro_price real not null,
pro_name varchar(20) not null,
pro_date datetime not null);

insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(1,'220','李平','2009/1/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(2,'200','李平','2009/4/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(3,'120','李平','2009/6/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(4,'200','李平','2009/8/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(5,'300','李平','2009/11/2');

insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(6,'200','张亮','2009/1/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(7,'100','张亮','2009/4/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(8,'100','张亮','2009/6/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(9,'200','张亮','2009/8/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(10,'300','张亮','2009/11/2');

insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(11,'300','周涛','2009/1/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(12,'32','周涛','2009/4/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(13,'300','周涛','2009/6/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(14,'200','周涛','2009/8/2');
insert into tb_productsale(pro_id,pro_price,pro_name,pro_date)
values(15,'32','周涛','2009/11/2');

2.2 窗体代码

        SqlConnection con=new SqlConnection(@"Data Source=YHWY\SQLEXPRESS;Initial Catalog=db_Store;Integrated Security=True");
        SqlDataAdapter sqlAda;//定义SqlDataAdapter对象实例
        SqlCommand cmd;//定义SqlCommand对象实例
        DataSet ds;//定义DataSet对象实例
        static int G = 0;//定义静态变量并赋值

        private void DrowFont(string str)
        {
            using (Graphics GrapFont = this.panel1.CreateGraphics())
            {
                GrapFont.Clear(Color.SeaShell);
                Pen p = new Pen(Color.Blue, 2.0f);//定义笔的颜色和粗细
                Font f = new Font("华文新魏", 12, FontStyle.Regular);//定义字体样式
                Brush b = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue);//设置画笔样式
                GrapFont.DrawString(str + "销售业绩走势图分析", f, b, 4.0f, 5.0f);
            }
        }

        private void DrowPic(string str)
        {
            int MaxValue, MinValue;//定义变量
            //获取最大销售金额
            using (cmd = new SqlCommand("select Max(pro_price) from tb_productsale where pro_name='" + str + "'", con))
            {
                con.Open();
                MaxValue = Convert.ToInt16(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
                con.Close();
            }
            using (cmd = new SqlCommand("select Min(pro_price) from tb_productsale where pro_name='" + str + "'", con))
            {
                con.Open();
                MinValue = Convert.ToInt16(cmd.ExecuteScalar());
                con.Close();
            }
            Graphics g = this.groupBox1.CreateGraphics();//定义Graphics对象实例
            g.Clear(Color.SeaShell);
            Brush b = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue);//定义画笔颜色
            Font f = new Font("Arial", 9, FontStyle.Regular);//定义字体样式
            Pen p = new Pen(b);
            using (sqlAda = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tb_productsale where pro_name='" + str + "' order by pro_date", con))
            {
                ds = new DataSet();
                sqlAda.Fill(ds, "pro_date");
                int M = MaxValue / 50 + 1;//最大值
                int N = MinValue / 50;//最小值
                int T = N;
                for (int i = 0; i <= M - N; i++)
                {
                    g.DrawString(Convert.ToString(T * 50), f, b, 0, 190 - 30 * i);
                    g.DrawLine(p, 30, 200 - 30 * i, 260, 200 - 30 * i);//绘制水平坐标线
                    T++;
                }
                int Num = ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count;
                int[] Values = new int[Num];
                for (int C = 0; C < Num; C++)
                {
                    Values[C] = Convert.ToInt32(ds.Tables[0].Rows[C][1].ToString());
                    //绘制销售月份文字
                    g.DrawString(Convert.ToDateTime(ds.Tables[0].Rows[C][3].ToString()).Month + "月", f, b, 30 * (C + 1) - 10, 10);
                    //绘制垂直坐标线
                    g.DrawLine(p, 30 * (C + 1), 200, 30 * (C + 1), 30);
                }
                Point[] P = new Point[Num];//定义点对象
                for (int i = 0; i < Num; i++)//利用For循环绘制折线图
                {
                    P[i].X = 30 * (i + 1);
                    P[i].Y = 260 - Convert.ToInt32(Values[i] / 50f * 30);
                }
                g.DrawLines(p, P);
            }
        }

        private void DrowInfo(string str)
        {
            Graphics g = this.groupBox2.CreateGraphics();//创建Graphics对象实例
            g.Clear(Color.SeaShell);
            Brush b = new SolidBrush(Color.Blue);//定义画笔颜色
            Font f = new Font("Arial", 9, FontStyle.Regular);//设置字体样式
            using (sqlAda = new SqlDataAdapter("select * from tb_productsale where pro_name='" + str + "' order by pro_date", con))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                sqlAda.Fill(ds, "tb_productsale");
                g.DrawString("月份：        " + "销售业绩", f, b, 10.0f, 25.0f);
                for (int i = 0; i < ds.Tables[0].Rows.Count; i++)
                {
                    int month = Convert.ToDateTime(ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][3].ToString()).Month;
                    if (month >= 10)
                    {
                        g.DrawString(month + "月：         " + ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][1].ToString(), f, b, 10.0f, (i + 2) * 25.0f);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        g.DrawString("0" + month + "月：         " + ds.Tables[0].Rows[i][1].ToString(), f, b, 10.0f, (i + 2f) * 25.0f);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void Form2_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            //提取不重复的销售人员信息
            using (sqlAda = new SqlDataAdapter("select distinct(pro_name) from tb_productsale", con))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                sqlAda.Fill(ds, "tb_productsale");
                this.comboBox1.DataSource = ds.Tables[0];
                this.comboBox1.DisplayMember = "pro_name";//把不重复的销售人员添加到下拉列表框中
            }
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            G++;//变量G自动加1
            //调用自定义函数DrowFont、DrowInfo和DrowPic
            DrowFont(this.comboBox1.Text.ToString());
            DrowInfo(this.comboBox1.Text.ToString());
            DrowPic(this.comboBox1.Text.ToString());
        }

2.3 窗体运行

 

3 总结

3.1 using(sqlAda=new SqlDataAdapter(".....")

{

}的使用

3.2 利用Graphics对象的DrawLine()方法绘制线段

3.3 Bitmap对象和SqlDataReader对象的应用

3.4 SolidBrush对象和Color对象的应用

3.5 手动绘图必要性(个人观点)：存在使用chart以及一些漂亮的infragistics netadvantage控件进行设计数据展示，但是对于大量数据时，算法绘图可以提高效率，更有利于捕捉动态变化情况。