RMAN Catalog创建、配置和管理

环境：RHEL6.4 + Oracle 11.2.0.4

一、创建数据库catdb

• 1.1 官档的建库脚本示例
• 1.2 根据我实际环境修改如下项
• 1.3 创建必要目录并赋予权限
• 1.4 执行脚本建库

二、配置catdb为catalog数据库

• 2.1 创建表空间
• 2.2 创建用户
• 2.3 创建CATALOG
• 2.4 目标数据库注册到CATALOG

三、管理catalog数据库

• 3.1 创建和管理VPC
• 3.2 创建和管理存储脚本
• 3.3 删除恢复目录
• 3.4 更新恢复目录

四、Reference

一、创建数据库catdb

1.1 官档的建库脚本示例

CREATE DATABASE mynewdb
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY sys_password
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY system_password
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/logs/my/redo01a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/logs/my/redo02a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/logs/my/redo03a.log','/u02/logs/my/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
      DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

1.2 根据我实际环境修改如下项

sys_password -> oracle
system_password -> oracle
US7ASCII -> ZHS16GBK
mynewdb -> catdb
/u01/logs/my -> /u01/redologs/a
/u02/logs/my -> /u01/redologs/b
/u01/app/oracle/oradata -> /u01/oradata03

可以vi批量替换,比如:%s#/u01/logs/my#/u01/redologs/a#g替换所有/u01/logs/my为/u01/redologs/a。
修改完如下:
vi /home/oracle/create_db.sql

CREATE DATABASE catdb
   USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
   LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/redologs/a/redo01a.log','/u01/redologs/b/redo01b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 2 ('/u01/redologs/a/redo02a.log','/u01/redologs/b/redo02b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
           GROUP 3 ('/u01/redologs/a/redo03a.log','/u01/redologs/b/redo03b.log') SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
   MAXLOGFILES 5
   MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
   MAXLOGHISTORY 1
   MAXDATAFILES 100
   CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK
   NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
   EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
   DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/sysaux01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
      DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/users01.dbf'
      SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
   DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
      TEMPFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/temp01.dbf'
      SIZE 20M REUSE
   UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
      DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/undotbs01.dbf'
      SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

1.3 创建必要目录并赋予权限

#redologs和datafiles
mkdir -p /u01/redologs/a && mkdir -p /u01/redologs/b && mkdir -p /u01/oradata03/catdb
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/redologs/a /u01/redologs/b /u01/oradata03/catdb
#controlfiles
mkdir -p /u01/system/catdb && mkdir -p /u02/system/catdb && mkdir -p /u03/system/catdb  
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/system/catdb /u02/system/catdb /u03/system/catdb

1.4 执行脚本建库

1.4.1 声明ORACLE_SID变量

export ORACLE_SID=catdb

1.4.2 编辑初始化参数文件

vi $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init$ORACLE_SID.ora

DB_NAME=catdb
CONTROL_FILES=('/u01/system/catdb/control01.ctl','/u02/system/catdb/control02.ctl','/u03/system/catdb/control03.ctl')
MEMORY_TARGET=1G

1.4.3 创建服务器参数文件并启动实例

创建服务器参数文件,以服务器参数文件启动数据库

SQL> create spfile from pfile;
SQL> startup nomount

1.4.4 运行建库脚本建库

SQL> @/home/oracle/create_db.sql

Database created.

然后执行以下脚本:

@?/rdbms/admin/catalog.sql
@?/rdbms/admin/catproc.sql
conn system/oracle
@?/sqlplus/admin/pupbld.sql

1.4.5 配置tnsnames.ora

CATDB =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = JY-DB02)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = catdb)
    )
  )

二、配置catdb为catalog数据库

2.1 创建表空间

CREATE TABLESPACE TOOLS DATAFILE '/u01/oradata03/catdb/tools.dbf' SIZE 15M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 15M MAXSIZE 1500M;

2.2 创建用户

CREATE USER rman IDENTIFIED BY rman
  TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
  DEFAULT TABLESPACE tools 
  QUOTA UNLIMITED ON tools;

GRANT RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER TO rman;

2.3 创建CATALOG

$ rman catalog rman/rman
RMAN> CREATE CATALOG;

2.4 目标数据库注册到CATALOG

在目标数据库执行:

rman TARGET / CATALOG rman@catdb
REGISTER DATABASE;

三、管理catalog数据库

3.1 创建和管理VPC(virtual private catalogs)

3.1.1 创建表空间，用户，赋权

create tablespace vpcusers datafile '/u01/oradata03/catdb/vpcusers01.dbf' size 30M autoextend on maxsize 300M;
CREATE USER vpc1 IDENTIFIED BY vpc1 DEFAULT TABLESPACE vpcusers QUOTA UNLIMITED ON vpcusers;
GRANT recovery_catalog_owner TO vpc1;

3.1.2 恢复目录所有者RMAN登录赋予vpc1用户注册数据库权限

$ rman catalog rman/rman@catdb
RMAN> GRANT REGISTER DATABASE TO vpc1;

3.1.3 虚拟专用目录RMAN登录创建虚拟CATALOG

RMAN> CONNECT CATALOG vpc1@catdb;
RMAN>  CREATE VIRTUAL CATALOG;

如果是10.2版本或更早,需要SQL下执行存储过程创建：

SQL> EXECUTE base_catalog_owner.DBMS_RCVCAT.CREATE_VIRTUAL_CATALOG;

3.1.4 恢复目录所有者RMAN登录赋予vpc1用户已注册数据库的访问权限

$ rman catalog rman/rman@catdb
RMAN> GRANT CATALOG FOR DATABASE jingyu TO vpc1;

3.2 创建和管理存储脚本

首先连接到目标数据库和恢复目录。

3.2.1 创建全局脚本

CREATE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup 
{     
  BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
  DELETE OBSOLETE;
}

你可以创建脚本时同时加上描述性的注释,比如：

CREATE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup 
COMMENT 'use only with ARCHIVELOG mode databases'
{     
  BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
  DELETE OBSOLETE;
}

3.2.2 创建本地脚本

CREATE SCRIPT full_backup 
{     
  BACKUP DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
  DELETE OBSOLETE;
}

创建脚本还可以从已有脚本文本文件获取：

CREATE SCRIPT full_backup 
  FROM FILE '/tmp/my_script_file.txt';

3.2.3 替换存储脚本

REPLACE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup 
COMMENT 'A script for full backup to be used with any database'
{
  BACKUP AS BACKUPSET DATABASE PLUS ARCHIVELOG;
}

3.2.4 执行存储脚本

RUN 
{
  EXECUTE GLOBAL SCRIPT global_full_backup;
}

RUN
{ 
  EXECUTE SCRIPT global_full_backup; 
}

如果没有本地脚本是global_full_backup这个名字，那么上面两个命令效果一样，如果有，那么第二个命令则会优先执行本地脚本。

3.2.5 创建和管理动态存储脚本

登录RMAN

rman TARGET / CATALOG rman@catdb USING arc_backup bck0906 FY06Q3

创建动态存储脚本：

CREATE SCRIPT quarterly { 
  ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1
    DEVICE TYPE sbt
    PARMS 'ENV=(OB_MEDIA_FAMILY=&1)';
  BACKUP
    TAG &2
    FORMAT '/disk2/bck/&1%U.bck'
    KEEP FOREVER
    RESTORE POINT &3
    DATABASE;
}

替换成符合我实际环境可执行的：

Replace SCRIPT quarterly { 
  ALLOCATE CHANNEL c1
    DEVICE TYPE disk;
  BACKUP
    TAG '&2'
    FORMAT '/u01/jingyu/&1%U.bck'
    KEEP FOREVER
    RESTORE POINT '&3'
    DATABASE;
}

执行：

RUN
{ 
  EXECUTE SCRIPT quarterly 
    USING arc_backup
          bck1206
          FY06Q4;
}

3.2.6 打印存储脚本

打印存储脚本：

PRINT SCRIPT full_backup;

打印内容发送到脚本：

PRINT SCRIPT full_backup 
  TO FILE '/tmp/my_script_file.txt';

3.3 删除恢复目录

连接到catalog，执行删除（两次确认）。

RMAN> drop catalog;
RMAN> drop catalog;

3.4 更新恢复目录

比如RMAN恢复目录版本是10g，那么11g版本的RMAN客户端需要升级更新本地包和模式。
如果你10gR1版本之前创建的恢复目录, 并且RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER角色不包含CREATE TYPE权限,那么需要赋予CREATE TYPE的权限给恢复目录所有者。

SQL> GRANT CREATE TYPE TO rman;

升级catalog（两次确认）：

RMAN> upgrade catalog;
RMAN> upgrade catalog