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  • Linux函数之snprintf()[一]

    //例子多点自然就懂了。
    
    int snprintf(char *restrict buf, size_t n, const char * restrict  format, ...);
    
    函数说明:最多从源串中拷贝n-1个字符到目标串中,然后再在后面加一个0。所以如果目标串的大小为n
    
                     的话,将不会溢出。
    
    函数返回值:若成功则返回欲写入的字符串长度,若出错则返回负值。
    
    Result1(推荐的用法)
    
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    
    int main()
    {
         char str[10]={0,};
         snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "0123456789012345678");
         printf("str=%s\n", str);
         return 0;
    }
    
    root] /root/lindatest
    $ ./test
    str=012345678
    
    Result2:(不推荐使用)
    
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    
    int main()
    {
        char str[10]={0, };
        snprintf(str, 18, "0123456789012345678");
        printf("str=%s\n", str);
        return 0;
    }
    
    root] /root/lindatest
    $ ./test
    str=01234567890123456
    
    snprintf函数返回值的测试:
    
    #include <stdio.h>
    #include <stdlib.h>
    
    int main()
    {
        char str1[10] ={0, };
        char str2[10] ={0, };
        int ret1=0,ret2=0;
        ret1=snprintf(str1, sizeof(str1), "%s", "abc");
        ret2=snprintf(str2, 4, "%s", "aaabbbccc");
        printf("aaabbbccc length=%d\n", strlen("aaabbbccc"));
        printf("str1=%s,ret1=%d\n", str1, ret1);
        printf("str2=%s,ret2=%d\n", str2, ret2);
        return 0;
    }
    
    [root] /root/lindatest
    $ ./test
    aaabbbccc length=9
    str1=abc,ret1=3
    str2=aaa,ret2=9



    snprintf
      int snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...);
      将可变个参数(...)按照format格式化成字符串,然后将其复制到str中
      (1) 如果格式化后的字符串长度 < size,则将此字符串全部复制到str中,并给其后添加一个字符串结束符('\0');
      (2) 如果格式化后的字符串长度 >= size,则只将其中的(size-1)个字符复制到str中,并给其后添加一个字符串结束符('\0')
      函数返回值:若成功则返回欲写入的字符串长度,若出错则返回负值。 --------------------------------------------
      #include <stdio.h> //snprintf()
      #include <string.h> //strlen()
      int main()
      {
      char name[30];
      char *name = "yangtaiping";
      printf("strlen(name) = %d\n", strlen(name));
      snprintf(name, strlen(name), "姓名:%s", name);
      printf("name = %s\n", name);
      printf("strlen(name) = %d\n", strlen(name));
      }
      strcpy() sprintf() strcat() 存在安全隐患, 其对应的安全版为:strncpy() snprintf() strncat() 。 
      snprintf(s, 100, "%.*S", 3, "abcd");s的值为abc %.*s 表示有两项, 第一项指定了长度,第二项则是%s的内容,所以取前三位 词条图册更多图册
    
    
    Let len be the length of the formatted data string (not including the terminating null). len and count are in bytes for _snprintf, wide characters for _snwprintf. 
    
    If len < count, then len characters are stored in buffer, a null-terminator is appended, and len is returned. 
    
    If len = count, then len characters are stored in buffer, no null-terminator is appended, and len is returned. 
    
    If len > count, then count characters are stored in buffer, no null-terminator is appended, and a negative value is returned. 
    
    "如果字符串很长,超过了buffer的size,是否会截断后还是在buffer末尾添'\0'?" 
    If len > count, then count characters are stored in buffer, no null-terminator is appended, and a negative value is returned. 
    回答完毕。 
    以上是vc里ok,linux下的snprintf截断后会添加'\0',这个要注意。




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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yuzaipiaofei/p/4124664.html
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