TFTP服务
用PXE安装操作系统依赖于DHCP服务和TFTP服务
网卡一般都内置的TFTP客户端的程序
systemctl enable tftp systemctl enable dhcpd
1 [root@centos7 dhcp]# yum install tftp-server 2 [root@centos7 dhcp]# rpm -ql tftp-server 3 /etc/xinetd.d/tftp 4 /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.service 5 /usr/lib/systemd/system/tftp.socket 6 /usr/sbin/in.tftpd 7 /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2 8 /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/CHANGES 9 /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README 10 /usr/share/doc/tftp-server-5.2/README.security 11 /usr/share/man/man8/in.tftpd.8.gz 12 /usr/share/man/man8/tftpd.8.gz 13 /var/lib/tftpboot 14 #安装客户端 15 [root@yxh6 ~]# yum install tftp 16 [root@yxh6 ~]# tftp 192.168.231.7 17 tftp> get file 18 #file存在服务端的/var/lib/tftpboot目录下
搭建PXE服务器
[root@centos7 html]#yum install httpd [root@centos7 html]# systemctl start httpd [root@centos7 html]# vi /etc/fstab /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos7 iso9660 defautls 0 0 [root@centos7 html]# mount -a mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only [root@centos7 html]# mkdir ksdir{6,7} [root@centos7 html]# ls centos6 centos7 ksdir6 ksdir7 [root@centos7 html]# cp /root/anaconda-ks.cfg ksdir7/ks7_desktop.cfg [root@centos7 html]# cd ksdir7 [root@centos7 ksdir7]# ls ks7_desktop.cfg [root@centos7 ksdir7]# ll total 4 -rw------- 1 root root 1737 May 27 00:06 ks7_desktop.cfg [root@centos7 ksdir7]# chmod 644 ks7_desktop.cfg [root@centos7 ksdir7]# ll total 4 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1737 May 27 00:06 ks7_desktop.cfg
[root@centos7 dhcp]# vi dhcpd.conf #配置和自动安装系统相关的配置 subnet 192.168.231.0 netmask 255.255.255.224 { range 192.168.231.10 192.168.231.20; option routers 192.168.231.254; next-server 192.168.231.7; filename "pxelinux.0"; } [root@centos7 dhcp]# systemctl restart dhcpd.service [root@centos7 dhcp]# systemctl enable dhcpd httpd
1 [root@centos7 dhcp]# yum install tftp-server syslinux 2 [root@centos7 dhcp]# cd /var/lib/tftpboot 3 [root@centos7 tftpboot]# mkdir pxelinux.cfg/ 4 #pxelinux.0 文件来自于 syslinux软件包,必须先安装syslinux 5 [root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 . 6 [root@centos7 tftpboot]# cp /var/www/html/centos7/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img,vesamenu.c32} /var/lib/tftpboot/ 7 [root@centos7 tftpboot]#cp /var/www/html/centos7/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default 8 [root@centos7 pxelinux.cfg]# vi default 9 label linux 10 menu label ^Install Desktop7 11 kernel vmlinuz 12 append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://192.168.231.7/ksdir7/ks7_desktop.cfg 13 [root@centos7 pxelinux.cfg]#systemctl enable tftp.socket 14 [root@centos7 pxelinux.cfg]#systemctl start tftp
1 #version=DEVEL 2 # System authorization information 3 auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512 4 # Use CDROM installation media 5 url --url=http://192.168.231.7/centos7 6 # Use graphical install 7 #graphical 8 text 9 # Run the Setup Agent on first boot 10 firstboot --enable 11 ignoredisk --only-use=sda 12 # Keyboard layouts 13 keyboard --vckeymap=us --xlayouts='us' 14 # System language 15 lang en_US.UTF-8 16 reboot 17 # Network information 18 network --bootproto=dhcp --device=ens33 --onboot=on --ipv6=auto --no-activate 19 network --hostname=centosmy7.localdomain 20 21 # Root password 22 rootpw --iscrypted $6$RzUIKaLkncGUm9SL$FtuXzR8IpSz2OEQp.LlDrDH1O62SMrZ/Gj06iTSNqlxWma/aHf21lpikhNln6UgNyuL/HqGUrM45feTBkMC1T0 23 # System services 24 services --disabled="chronyd" 25 # System timezone 26 timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp 27 # X Window System configuration information 28 xconfig --startxonboot 29 # System bootloader configuration 30 bootloader --append=" crashkernel=auto" --location=mbr --boot-drive=sda 31 zerombr 32 # Partition clearing information 33 clearpart --none --initlabel 34 # Disk partitioning information 35 part swap --fstype="swap" --ondisk=sda --size=2048 36 part / --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=51200 37 part /data --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=30720 38 part /boot --fstype="xfs" --ondisk=sda --size=1024 39 40 %packages 41 @base 42 @core 43 @dial-up 44 @fonts 45 @guest-agents 46 @print-client 47 @x11 48 kexec-tools 49 50 %end 51 52 %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto' 53 54 %end 55 56 %anaconda 57 pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty 58 pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok 59 pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty 60 %end 61 62 %post 63 systemctl disable initial-setup.service 64 systemctl disable initial-setup-graphical.service 65 systemctl set-default multi-user.target 66 mkdir -p /root/oscreate 67 useradd laozijiadeuser 68 %end
新创建一个虚拟机，把网卡的网段设置成和服务器为同一个网段,启动机器出现下图
PXE安装多个版本的系统
安装不同版本的操作系统,需要分别拷贝对应的内核文件和ks文件,不能混合使用
mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/ cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/ cp /usr/share/syslinux/menu.c32 /var/lib/tftpboot/ mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/centos{6,7} cp /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos7/ cp /var/www/html/centos/6/isolinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/centos6/ cp /var/www/html/centos/7/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default vim /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default default menu.c32 timeout 600 menu title www.yxh.com label centos7 menu label ^Install Desktop CentOS 7 kernel centos7/vmlinuz append initrd=centos7/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.30.17/ksdir/ks7_desktop.cfg label centos6 menu label install ^Mini CentOS 6 menu default kernel centos6/vmlinuz append initrd=centos6/initrd.img ks=http://192.168.30.17/ksdir/ks6_mini.cfg label local menu label Boot from ^local drive localboot 0xffff menu end
1 tree /var/lib/tftpboot/ 2 /var/lib/tftpboot/ 3 ├── centos6 4 │├── initrd.img 5 │└── vmlinuz 6 ├── centos7 7 │├── initrd.img 8 │ └── vmlinuz 9 ├── menu.c32 10 ├── pxelinux.0 11 └── pxelinux.cfg 12 └── default
Linux配置服务的一般步骤
1.检查防火墙和selinux
2.安装包
3.启动服务
4.检查服务是否成功启动
5.在客户端执行命令测试
6.每个服务都有自己的工作主目录