我们知道,在WCF中,客户端对服务操作方法的每一次调用,都可以被看作是一条消息,而且,可能我们还会有一个疑问:如何知道客户端与服务器通讯过程中,期间发送和接收的SOAP是什么样子。当然,也有人是通过借助其他工具来抓取数据包来查看。那,有没有办法让程序自己输出相应的SOAP信息呢?
要对SOAP消息进行拦截和修改,我们需要实现两个接口,它们都位于System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher (程序集System.ServiceModel)。下面分别价绍。
接口一:IClientMessageInspector
从名字中我们可以猜测,它是用来拦截客户消息的,而看看它的方法,你就更加肯定当初的猜测了。
- BeforeSendRequest:向服务器发送请求前拦截或修改消息(事前控制)
- AfterReceiveReply:接收到服务器的回复消息后,在调用返回之前拦截或修改消息(事后诸葛亮)
接口二:IDispatchMessageInspector
刚才那个接口是针对客户端的,而这个是针对服务器端的。
- AfterReceiveRequest:接收客户端请求后,在进入操作处理代码之前拦截或修改消息(欺上)
- BeforeSendReply:服务器向客户端发送回复消息之前拦截和修改消息(瞒下)。
虽然实现了这两个接口,但你会有新的疑问,怎么用?把它们放到哪儿才能拦截消息?因此,下一步就是要实现IEndpointBehavior按口(System.ServiceModel.Description命名空间,程序集System.ServiceModel),它有四个方法,而我们只需要处理两个就够了
新建一个类库应用,然后添加System.ServiceModel程序集的引用
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.ServiceModel; using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher; using System.ServiceModel.Description; using System.ServiceModel.Channels; namespace MyLib { /// <summary> /// 消息拦截器 /// </summary> public class MyMessageInspector:IClientMessageInspector,IDispatchMessageInspector { void IClientMessageInspector.AfterReceiveReply(ref Message reply, object correlationState) { Console.WriteLine("客户端接收到的回复: {0}", reply.ToString()); } object IClientMessageInspector.BeforeSendRequest(ref Message request, IClientChannel channel) { Console.WriteLine("客户端发送请求前的SOAP消息: {0}", request.ToString()); return null; } object IDispatchMessageInspector.AfterReceiveRequest(ref Message request, IClientChannel channel, InstanceContext instanceContext) { Console.WriteLine("服务器端:接收到的请求: {0}", request.ToString()); return null; } void IDispatchMessageInspector.BeforeSendReply(ref Message reply, object correlationState) { Console.WriteLine("服务器即将作出以下回复: {0}", reply.ToString()); } } /// <summary> /// 插入到终结点的Behavior /// </summary> public class MyEndPointBehavior : IEndpointBehavior { public void AddBindingParameters(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, BindingParameterCollection bindingParameters) { // 不需要 return; } public void ApplyClientBehavior(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, ClientRuntime clientRuntime) { // 植入“偷听器”客户端 clientRuntime.ClientMessageInspectors.Add(new MyMessageInspector()); } public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(ServiceEndpoint endpoint, EndpointDispatcher endpointDispatcher) { // 植入“偷听器” 服务器端 endpointDispatcher.DispatchRuntime.MessageInspectors.Add(new MyMessageInspector()); } public void Validate(ServiceEndpoint endpoint) { // 不需要 return; } } }
这一步,我们先建立服务器端。
记得要引用我们刚才写的类库。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; using System.Runtime; using System.Runtime.Serialization; using System.ServiceModel; using System.ServiceModel.Description; namespace WCFServer { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { using (ServiceHost host = new ServiceHost(typeof (Service))) { WSHttpBinding bingding = new WSHttpBinding(); host.AddServiceEndpoint(typeof (IService), bingding, "http://127.0.0.1:8888/service1"); foreach (var endpoint in host.Description.Endpoints) { endpoint.EndpointBehaviors.Add(new MyLib.MyEndPointBehavior()); } ServiceMetadataBehavior behavior = new ServiceMetadataBehavior(); behavior.HttpGetEnabled = true; behavior.HttpGetUrl = new Uri("http://127.0.0.1:8888/service"); //httpGetUrl客户端引用的地址 host.Description.Behaviors.Add(behavior); host.Opened += delegate { Console.WriteLine("服务已启动"); Console.ReadKey(); }; host.Open(); } } } [ServiceContract(Namespace = "MyNamespace")] public interface IService { [OperationContract] int AddInt(int a, int b); [OperationContract] Student GetStudent(); [OperationContract] CalResultResponse ComputingNumbers(CalcultRequest inMsg); } [ServiceBehavior(IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true)] public class MyService : IService { public int AddInt(int a, int b) { return a + b; } public Student GetStudent() { Student stu = new Student(); stu.StudentName = "小明"; stu.StudentAge = 22; return stu; } public CalResultResponse ComputingNumbers(CalcultRequest inMsg) { CalResultResponse rmsg = new CalResultResponse(); switch (inMsg.Operation) { case "加": rmsg.ComputedResult = inMsg.NumberA + inMsg.NumberB; break; case "减": rmsg.ComputedResult = inMsg.NumberA - inMsg.NumberB; break; case "乘": rmsg.ComputedResult = inMsg.NumberA * inMsg.NumberB; break; case "除": rmsg.ComputedResult = inMsg.NumberA / inMsg.NumberB; break; default: throw new ArgumentException("运算操作只允许加、减、乘、除。"); break; } return rmsg; } } [DataContract] public class Student { [DataMember] public string StudentName; [DataMember] public int StudentAge; } [MessageContract] public class CalcultRequest { [MessageHeader] public string Operation; [MessageBodyMember] public int NumberA; [MessageBodyMember] public int NumberB; } [MessageContract] public class CalResultResponse { [MessageBodyMember] public int ComputedResult; } }
接下来,实现客户端。
a、引用刚才写的类库MyLib;
b、引用WCF服务。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace WCFClient { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { WS.ServiceClient client = new WS.ServiceClient(); // 记得在客户端也要插入IEndPointBehavior client.Endpoint.EndpointBehaviors.Add(new MyLib.MyEndPointBehavior()); try { // 1、调用带元数据参数和返回值的操作 Console.WriteLine(" 20和35相加的结果是:{0}", client.AddInt(20, 35)); // 2、调用带有数据协定的操作 WS.Student student = client.GetStudent(); Console.WriteLine(" 学生信息---------------------------"); Console.WriteLine("姓名:{0} 年龄:{1}", student.StudentName, student.StudentAge); // 3、调用带消息协定的操作 Console.WriteLine(" 15乘以70的结果是:{0}", client.ComputingNumbers("乘", 15, 70)); } catch (Exception ex) { Console.WriteLine("异常:{0}", ex.Message); } client.Close(); Console.ReadKey(); } } }
结果:
知道了如何拦截消息,那么修改消息就不难了。
现在我们把前面写的类库MyLib。
将消息拦截器MyMessageInspector作如下修改:
/// <summary> /// 消息拦截器 /// </summary> public class MyMessageInspector:IClientMessageInspector,IDispatchMessageInspector { void IClientMessageInspector.AfterReceiveReply(ref Message reply, object correlationState) { //Console.WriteLine("客户端接收到的回复: {0}", reply.ToString()); return; } object IClientMessageInspector.BeforeSendRequest(ref Message request, IClientChannel channel) { //Console.WriteLine("客户端发送请求前的SOAP消息: {0}", request.ToString()); // 插入验证信息 MessageHeader hdUserName = MessageHeader.CreateHeader("u", "fuck", "admin"); MessageHeader hdPassWord = MessageHeader.CreateHeader("p", "fuck", "123"); request.Headers.Add(hdUserName); request.Headers.Add(hdPassWord); return null; } object IDispatchMessageInspector.AfterReceiveRequest(ref Message request, IClientChannel channel, InstanceContext instanceContext) { //Console.WriteLine("服务器端:接收到的请求: {0}", request.ToString()); // 栓查验证信息 string un = request.Headers.GetHeader<string>("u", "fuck"); string ps = request.Headers.GetHeader<string>("p", "fuck"); if (un == "admin" && ps == "abcd") { Console.WriteLine("用户名和密码正确。"); } else { throw new Exception("验证失败,滚吧!"); } return null; } void IDispatchMessageInspector.BeforeSendReply(ref Message reply, object correlationState) { //Console.WriteLine("服务器即将作出以下回复: {0}", reply.ToString()); return; } }
注意:添加对System.Runtime.Serialization的引用。
创建消息头时,第一个参数是名字,如上面的“u”,第二个参数是命名空间,这个可以自己来定义,比如上面的“fuck”,第三个参数就是消息头的内容。
现在重新生成一下项目,再试试。
前面我们说过,如果安装证书进行身份验证会相当TMD麻烦,而可以通过修改SOAP消息头来验证,但是,上次的做法会有一个麻烦,那就是每次调用操作协定都要手动修改一次,这一次,我们直接在终结点级别进行修改和验证,就省去了许多功夫。