zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • Devops(三):Docker常用命令

    列出镜像列表(docker images)

    [root@master docker]# docker images
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        7 months ago        1.84kB
    [root@master docker]# 

    各个指标项说明::
    REPOSITORY:表示镜像的仓库源
    TAG:镜像的标签
    IMAGE ID:镜像ID
    CREATED:镜像创建时间
    SIZE:镜像大小

    启动镜像(docker run)

    Docker 允许你在容器内运行应用程序, 使用 docker run 命令来在容器内运行一个应用程序。

    语法

    docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]

    参数说明:

    -a stdin: 指定标准输入输出内容类型,可选 STDIN/STDOUT/STDERR 三项;
    -d: 后台运行容器,并返回容器ID;
    -i: 以交互模式运行容器,通常与 -t 同时使用;
    -P: (将容器内部使用的网络端口映射到我们使用的主机上)随机端口映射,容器内部端口随机映射到主机的高端口
    -p: 指定端口映射,格式为:主机(宿主)端口:容器端口
    -t: 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端,通常与 -i 同时使用;
    --name="nginx-lb": 为容器指定一个名称;
    --dns 8.8.8.8: 指定容器使用的DNS服务器,默认和宿主一致;
    --dns-search example.com: 指定容器DNS搜索域名,默认和宿主一致;
    -h "mars": 指定容器的hostname;
    -e username="ritchie": 设置环境变量;
    --env-file=[]: 从指定文件读入环境变量;
    --cpuset="0-2" or --cpuset="0,1,2": 绑定容器到指定CPU运行;
    -m :设置容器使用内存最大值;
    --net="bridge": 指定容器的网络连接类型,支持 bridge/host/none/container: 四种类型;
    --link=[]: 添加链接到另一个容器;
    --expose=[]: 开放一个端口或一组端口;
    --volume , -v: 绑定一个卷

    实例

    使用docker镜像nginx:latest以后台模式启动一个容器,并将容器命名为mynginx。

    docker run --name mynginx -d nginx:latest

    使用镜像nginx:latest以后台模式启动一个容器,并将容器的80端口映射到主机随机端口。

    docker run -P -d nginx:latest

    使用镜像 nginx:latest,以后台模式启动一个容器,将容器的 80 端口映射到主机的 80 端口,主机的目录 /data 映射到容器的 /data。

    docker run -p 80:80 -v /data:/data -d nginx:latest

    绑定容器的 8080 端口,并将其映射到本地主机 127.0.0.1 的 80 端口上。

    docker run -p 127.0.0.1:80:8080/tcp ubuntu bash

    使用镜像nginx:latest以交互模式启动一个容器,在容器内执行/bin/bash命令。

    root@master docker]# docker run -it nginx:latest /bin/bash
    root@b8573233d675:/#

    使用镜像centos 以交互模式启动一个容器,在容器内执行/bin/bash命令。

    root@master docker]# docker run --name mydocker -t -i centos /bin/bash
    Unable to find image 'centos:latest' locally
    latest: Pulling from library/centos
    d8d02d457314: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:307835c385f656ec2e2fec602cf093224173c51119bbebd602c53c3653a3d6eb
    Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:latest
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# ps aux
    USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
    root          1  0.0  0.0  11820  1896 pts/0    Ss   15:00   0:00 /bin/bash
    root         15  0.0  0.0  51740  1732 pts/0    R+   15:01   0:00 ps aux
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# 
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@master docker]# 
    使用镜像 sath89/oracle-12c,以后台模式启动一个名称为“oracle12c”的容器,将容器的 1521端口映射到主机的 1521端口,主机的目录 /usr/local/data_temp 映射到容器的/home/oracle/data_temp。
    #创建一个文件目录,用于挂载到容器内,做oracle数据备份时数据存放的位置,保证备份数据不丢失。
    mkdir /usr/local/data_temp
    chmod 777 /usr/local/data_temp
    docker run -d --name oracle12c -p 1521:1521 -v /usr/local/data_temp:/home/oracle/data_temp sath89/oracle-12c

    备注:oracle12c是名称,-p是端口映射,-v是将宿主机的/usr/local/data_temp 目录映射到容器内的 /home/oracle/data_temp内。

    列出容器列表(docker ps )

    语法
    docker ps [OPTIONS]
    OPTIONS说明:
    -a :显示所有的容器,包括未运行的。
    -f :根据条件过滤显示的内容。
    --format :指定返回值的模板文件。
    -l :显示最近创建的容器。
    -n :列出最近创建的n个容器。
    --no-trunc :不截断输出。
    -q :静默模式,只显示容器编号。
    -s :显示总的文件大小。

    root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            6 minutes ago       Exited (0) 6 minutes ago                       hopeful_northcutt
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            7 minutes ago       Exited (0) 7 minutes ago                       keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a -l
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                     PORTS               NAMES
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 8 minutes ago                       hopeful_northcutt

    查询最后一次创建的容器

    [root@master docker]# docker run hello-world
    
    Hello from Docker!
    This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
    
    To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
    1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
    2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
    3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
    4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.
    
    To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
    $ docker run -it ubuntu bash
    
    Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
    https://hub.docker.com/
    
    For more examples and ideas, visit:
    https://docs.docker.com/get-started/
    
    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a 
    CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    99d7fbb94565 hello-world "/hello"     3 seconds ago Exited (0)   3 seconds ago gracious_panini
    1d8a5ab31830 centos      "/bin/bash" 34 minutes ago Exited (137) 4 minutes ago mydocker
    [root@master docker]# docker ps -l
    CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
    99d7fbb94565 hello-world "/hello"    21 seconds ago Exited (0)   21 seconds ago gracious_panini
    [root@master docker]#

    进入容器方法

    一、attach(不建议使用)

    注意:此方法当exit退出容器后,进程也就结束了,容器就关闭了。不建议使用

    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago       Exited (0) 2 minutes ago                        mydocker
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            16 minutes ago      Exited (0) 16 minutes ago                       hopeful_northcutt
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            17 minutes ago      Exited (0) 17 minutes ago                       keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# docker start 1d8a5ab31830  #再次将容器启动
    1d8a5ab31830
    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         5 minutes ago       Up 6 seconds                                    mydocker
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            16 minutes ago      Exited (0) 16 minutes ago                       hopeful_northcutt
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            18 minutes ago      Exited (0) 18 minutes ago                       keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# docker attach 1d8a5ab31830
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# echo $PATH
    /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 seconds ago                        mydocker
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            19 minutes ago      Exited (0) 19 minutes ago                       hopeful_northcutt
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            20 minutes ago      Exited (0) 20 minutes ago                       keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# 

    attach总结:一个容器指定一个进程,这个容器退出了。他的生成周期也就结束了,也就退出了。

    二、exec

    注意:此方法当exit退出容器后,进程不结束,容器也不关闭。

    docker exec -it 1d8a5ab31830 /bin/bash #其中 1d8a5ab31830 为容器ID号
    docker exec :在运行的容器中执行命令
    OPTIONS说明:
    -d :分离模式: 在后台运行
    -i :即使没有附加也保持STDIN 打开
    -t :分配一个伪终端

    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         8 minutes ago       Exited (0) 3 seconds ago                        mydocker
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            19 minutes ago      Exited (0) 19 minutes ago                       hopeful_northcutt
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            20 minutes ago      Exited (0) 20 minutes ago                       keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# docker exec -it 1d8a5ab31830 /bin/bash
    Error response from daemon: Container 1d8a5ab31830dc16e3129a6e123a5c16bc10989aeced01a3be62d236ee76cb0d is not running
    [root@master docker]# docker start 1d8a5ab31830
    1d8a5ab31830
    [root@master docker]# docker exec -it 1d8a5ab31830 /bin/bash
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# echo $PATH
    /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Up 23 seconds                                   mydocker
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            21 minutes ago      Exited (0) 21 minutes ago                       hopeful_northcutt
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            23 minutes ago      Exited (0) 23 minutes ago                       keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# 

    三、nsenter(推荐使用这个命令进入容器)

    注意:当退出容器后,还能让容器再后台运行。推荐使用这个命令进入容器。

    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         10 minutes ago      Up 23 seconds                                   mydocker
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            21 minutes ago      Exited (0) 21 minutes ago                       hopeful_northcutt
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            23 minutes ago      Exited (0) 23 minutes ago                       keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# docker stop 1d8a5ab31830
    1d8a5ab31830
    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         13 minutes ago      Exited (137) 4 seconds ago                       mydocker
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            24 minutes ago      Exited (0) 24 minutes ago                        hopeful_northcutt
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            26 minutes ago      Exited (0) 26 minutes ago                        keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# docker start 1d8a5ab31830     #要先启动容器,才能进入容器里边
    1d8a5ab31830
    [root@master docker]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         13 minutes ago      Up 5 seconds                            mydocker
    [root@master docker]# docker inspect --format "{{.State.Pid}}" 1d8a5ab31830     #查看容器的进程ID
    2841
    [root@master docker]# nsenter -t 2841 -u -i -n     #进入容器
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 docker]# 
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 docker]# exit                   #退出容器,进程还在
    logout
    [root@master docker]# docker ps 
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         15 minutes ago      Up About a minute                       mydocker
    [root@master docker]# 

    可以写一个脚本方便进容器:

    [root@master docker]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         21 minutes ago      Up 7 minutes                            mydocker
    [root@master docker]# echo '' > shelldocker.sh
    [root@master docker]#
    [root@master docker]# vi shelldocker.sh 
    #!/bin/bash
    PID=$(docker inspect --format "{{.State.Pid}}" $1)
    nsenter -t $PID -u -i -n
    ~
    "shelldocker.sh" 3L, 88C written
    [root@master docker]#
    [root@master docker]# ls
    shelldocker.sh
    [root@master docker]# chmod +x shelldocker.sh 
    [root@master docker]#
    [root@master docker]# ./shelldocker.sh 1d8a5ab31830
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 docker]# exit
    logout
    [root@master docker]# 

    查找镜像(docker search)

    使用 docker search 命令来从 Docker Hub 网站来搜索镜像

    docker search nginx(查找镜像)

    [root@master docker]# docker search nginx
    NAME                              DESCRIPTION                                     STARS               OFFICIAL            AUTOMATED
    nginx                             Official build of Nginx.                        11852               [OK]                
    jwilder/nginx-proxy               Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con…   1641                                    [OK]
    richarvey/nginx-php-fpm           Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of…   735                                     [OK]
    linuxserver/nginx                 An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS…   73                                      
    bitnami/nginx                     Bitnami nginx Docker Image                      70                                      [OK]
    tiangolo/nginx-rtmp               Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp…   51                                      [OK]
    jc21/nginx-proxy-manager          Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho…   23                                      
    nginxdemos/hello                  NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co…   23                                      [OK]
    nginx/nginx-ingress               NGINX Ingress Controller for Kubernetes         20                                      
    jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager       Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager        20                                      [OK]
    schmunk42/nginx-redirect          A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra…   17                                      [OK]
    crunchgeek/nginx-pagespeed        Nginx with PageSpeed + GEO IP + VTS + more_s…   13                                      
    blacklabelops/nginx               Dockerized Nginx Reverse Proxy Server.          12                                      [OK]
    centos/nginx-18-centos7           Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n…   11                                      
    centos/nginx-112-centos7          Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building …   10                                      
    nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged       Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles                  9                                       
    sophos/nginx-vts-exporter         Simple server that scrapes Nginx vts stats a…   5                                       [OK]
    nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter   NGINX Prometheus Exporter                       5                                       
    1science/nginx                    Nginx Docker images that include Consul Temp…   5                                       [OK]
    mailu/nginx                       Mailu nginx frontend                            3                                       [OK]
    pebbletech/nginx-proxy            nginx-proxy sets up a container running ngin…   2                                       [OK]
    travix/nginx                      NGinx reverse proxy                             2                                       [OK]
    centos/nginx-110-centos7          Platform for running nginx 1.10 or building …   0                                       
    ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb   An APB to deploy NGINX                          0                                       [OK]
    wodby/nginx                       Generic nginx                                   0                                       [OK]

    拉取镜像(docker pull )

    docker pull nginx(拉取镜像)

    [root@master docker]# docker pull nginx
    Using default tag: latest
    latest: Pulling from library/nginx
    1ab2bdfe9778: Pull complete 
    a17e64cfe253: Pull complete 
    e1288088c7a8: Pull complete 
    Digest: sha256:53ddb41e46de3d63376579acf46f9a41a8d7de33645db47a486de9769201fec9
    Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
    [root@master docker]# 

    从容器创建一个新的镜像(docker commit )

    语法
    docker commit [OPTIONS] CONTAINER [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
    OPTIONS说明:
    -a :提交的镜像作者;
    -c :使用Dockerfile指令来创建镜像;
    -m :提交时的说明文字;
    -p :在commit时,将容器暂停。

    实例

    将容器a404c6c174a2 保存为新的镜像,并添加提交人信息和说明信息。

    [root@master docker]# docker commit -a "runoob.com(提交的镜像作者)" -m "my apache(提交是的说明文字)" a404c6c174a2  mymysql:v1 
    sha256:37af1236adef1544e8886be23010b66577647a40bc02c0885a6600b33ee28057
    [root@master docker]# docker images mymysql:v1
    REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
    mymysql             v1                  37af1236adef        15 seconds ago      329 MB

    推送镜像(docker push)

    TODO....

    暂时参考《通过容器提交镜像(docker commit)以及推送镜像(docker push)笔记

    容器内部的标准输出(docker logs)

    docker logs [ID或者名字]    可以查看容器内部的标准输出

    $ docker logs 353e6c82b2fc
    $ docker logs -f 353e6c82b2fc
    -f:让 dokcer logs 像使用 tail -f 一样来输出容器内部的标准输出。
    docker logs [ID或者名字]
    [root@master docker]# docker logs 1d8a5ab31830
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]#  ps aux
    bash: 平ps: command not found
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# ps aux
    USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
    root          1  0.0  0.0  11820  1896 pts/0    Ss   15:00   0:00 /bin/bash
    root         15  0.0  0.0  51740  1732 pts/0    R+   15:01   0:00 ps aux
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# 
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# echo PATH
    PATH
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# echo $PATH
    /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# [root@master docker]# 

    docker logs -f [ID或者名字]

    root@master docker]# docker logs -f 1d8a5ab31830
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]#  ps aux
    bash: 平ps: command not found
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# ps aux
    USER        PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
    root          1  0.0  0.0  11820  1896 pts/0    Ss   15:00   0:00 /bin/bash
    root         15  0.0  0.0  51740  1732 pts/0    R+   15:01   0:00 ps aux
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# 
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# echo PATH
    PATH
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# echo $PATH
    /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# exit
    exit
    [root@1d8a5ab31830 /]# 

    停止应用容器(docker stop)

    $ docker stop [cid|names] (可以使用cid和容器名)

    [root@master docker]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         29 minutes ago      Up 15 minutes                           mydocker
    [root@master docker]# docker stop mydocker
    mydocker
    [root@master docker]# docker ps
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS              PORTS               NAMES
    [root@master docker]# 

     移除应用容器(docker rm)

    $ docker rm [CID|NAMES] 可以使用cid和容器名)

    $ docker rm -f CID|NAMES

    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                            PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         31 minutes ago      Exited (137) About a minute ago                       mydocker
    32098924b2e0        hello-world         "/hello"            42 minutes ago      Exited (0) 42 minutes ago                             hopeful_northcutt
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            44 minutes ago      Exited (0) 44 minutes ago                             keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# docker rm hopeful_northcutt
    hopeful_northcutt
    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                            PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         31 minutes ago      Exited (137) About a minute ago                       mydocker
    b07906c995f3        hello-world         "/hello"            44 minutes ago      Exited (0) 44 minutes ago                             keen_goldstine
    [root@master docker]# docker rm b07906c995f3
    b07906c995f3
    [root@master docker]# docker ps -a          
    CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                       PORTS               NAMES
    1d8a5ab31830        centos              "/bin/bash"         32 minutes ago      Exited (137) 2 minutes ago                       mydocker
    [root@master docker]# 

    Docker删除容器与镜像(不建议使用,使用要注意)

    停止所有的container,这样才能够删除其中的images:

    docker stop $(docker ps -a -q)
    docker kill $(docker ps -a -q)

    如果想要删除所有container的话再加一个指令:

    docker rm $(docker ps -a -q)

    删除images,通过image的id来指定删除谁

    docker rmi <image id>

    想要删除untagged images,也就是那些id为的image的话可以用

    docker rmi $(docker images | grep "^<none>" | awk "{print $3}")

    要删除全部image的话

    docker rmi $(docker images -q)

    强制删除全部image的话

    docker rmi -f $(docker images -q)

    参考:《2、CentOS7 Docker 安装以及基本使用,链接:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_41515615/article/details/81349688》




  • 相关阅读:
    正则表达式
    匿名函数作业
    内置函数&匿名函数
    模拟面试题一
    迭代器
    生成器
    装饰器
    函数
    疑问?
    3,app信息抽取
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/yy3b2007com/p/11403190.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看