Bean的作用域:
支持四种配置,分别是singleton,prototype,request,session。
singleton
默认情况下在spring confinguration xml文件中的一个bean配置中,如果不指定scope属性,则这个scope默认值为singleton。
如何把一个bean配置为scope='singleton':
Person.java
package com.dx.beans.scope; public class Person { private int id; private String name; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Person() { System.out.println("Person's Constructor..."); } @Override public String toString() { return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + "]"; } }
springcfg.xml
<bean id="person" class="com.dx.beans.scope.Person" scope="singleton"> <property name="id" value="1"></property> <property name="name" value="person demo"></property> </bean>
配置为singleton的bean将会在初始化Spring时,初始化该bean的类。
package com.dx.beans.scope; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("springcfg.xml"); } }
打印信息为:
Person's Constructor...
而且在以后调用该bean时,不会再初始化给bean的类。
package com.dx.beans.scope; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("springcfg.xml"); Person person = (Person) cxt.getBean("person"); Person person1 = (Person) cxt.getBean("person"); System.out.println(person); System.out.println(person1); } }
打印信息为:
Person's Constructor...
Person [id=1, name=person demo]
Person [id=1, name=person demo]
prototype
每次调用时,都会实例化一次bean的class。
spring configuration xml配置文件为:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util-4.3.xsd"> <bean id="person" class="com.dx.beans.scope.Person" scope="prototype"> <property name="id" value="1"></property> <property name="name" value="person demo"></property> </bean> </beans>
此时,客户端调用:
package com.dx.beans.scope; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("springcfg.xml"); Person person = (Person) cxt.getBean("person"); System.out.println(person); Person person1 = (Person) cxt.getBean("person"); System.out.println(person1); } }
打印信息为:
Person's Constructor...
Person [id=1, name=person demo]
Person's Constructor...
Person [id=1, name=person demo]
web环境作用域 request,session
request,session应用在web环境作用域。
使用外部属性文件
1) 在配置文件里配置Bean时,有时需要在Bean的配置里混入系统部署的细节信息(例如:文件路径、数据源配置信息等),而这些部署细节实际上需要和Bean配置相分离。
2)Spring提供了一个PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer的BeanFactory后置处理器。这个处理器允许用户将Bean配置的部分内容外移到属性文件中,可以在Bean配置文件里使用形式为${var}的变量,PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer从属性文件里加载属性,并使用这些属性值来替换变量。
3)Spring还允许在属性文件中使用${propertyName},以实现属性之间的相互引用。
注册PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer
spring2.0时:
<bean class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"> <property name="location" value="classpath:jdbc.properties"></property > </bean>
spring2.5之后:
可通过<context:property-placeholder>元素简化
--添加命名空间:<beans>中添加context Schema定义(xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context")--在配置文件下加入配置:<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
需求:使用c3p0组件连接数据库,并把它注册到spring中。
使用外部文件之前:
pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.dx</groupId> <artifactId>springlearning</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>demo Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <repositories> <repository> <id>sonatype-nexus-snapshots</id> <name>Sonatype Nexus Snapshots</name> <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url> <releases> <enabled>false</enabled> </releases> <snapshots> <enabled>true</enabled> </snapshots> </repository> </repositories> <properties> <org.springframework.version>4.3.8.RELEASE</org.springframework.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-logging/commons-logging --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework/spring-core --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Expression Language (depends on spring-core) Define this if you use Spring Expression APIs (org.springframework.expression.*) --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Bean Factory and JavaBeans utilities (depends on spring-core) Define this if you use Spring Bean APIs (org.springframework.beans.*) --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- Application Context (depends on spring-core, spring-expression, spring-aop, spring-beans) This is the central artifact for Spring's Dependency Injection Container and is generally always defined --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- JDBC Data Access Library (depends on spring-core, spring-beans, spring-context, spring-tx) Define this if you use Spring's JdbcTemplate API (org.springframework.jdbc.*) --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId> <version>${org.springframework.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.36</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/c3p0/c3p0 --> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.1.2</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>demo</finalName> </build> </project>
bean-properties.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <property name="user" value="root"></property> <property name="password" value="root"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/dlog32"></property> <property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property> </bean> </beans>
Client.java调用:
package com.dx.beans.properties; import javax.sql.DataSource; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { ApplicationContext cxt = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-properties.xml"); DataSource dataSource = (DataSource) cxt.getBean("dataSource"); System.out.println(dataSource.getConnection()); } }
使用外部文件之后:
添加外部文件c3p0-db.properties
db.user=root db.password=root db.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql://localhost/dlog32 db.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
修改spring bean配置文件beans-properties.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd"> <!-- 导入外部文件 --> <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:c3p0-db.properties" /> <bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource"> <!-- 使用外部文件的配置信息替代配置项中的值 --> <property name="user" value="${db.user}"></property> <property name="password" value="${db.password}"></property> <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${db.jdbcUrl}"></property> <property name="driverClass" value="${db.driverClass}"></property> </bean> </beans>