Android有两套http的API,刚开始使用网络编程时多少有些迷惑到底用哪个好呢?其实孰优孰劣无需再争论,google已经指出HttpUrlConnection是Android更优的选择,并在SDK文档中引用了博客(需要代理访问)http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/09/androids-http-clients.html来阐述各自的优缺点。国内也有些博客大致翻译了上面的内容,并对了一些测试,可惜测试不严密,某博客甚至得出HttpUrlConnection的下载速度快几倍的结论,其实并没有公平反映出二者的下载速度。
虽然我已经使用过HttpUrlConnection实现了一个轻量级http引擎用于下载,但是好奇心还是促使我写了一个测试程序用于比较二者的性能。由于HttpClient仅仅是一个接口,所以我选用了其实现类DefaultHttpClient和HttpUrlConnection做比较,方法很简单,分别下载同一个文件10次,然后计算耗时的平均值,测试代码片段如下:
1 2 @Override 3 public void onClick(View v) 4 { 5 if (v.equals(mTestHttpClientBtn)) 6 { 7 new Thread(new Runnable() 8 { 9 @Override 10 public void run() 11 { 12 long averageTime = 0; 13 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 14 { 15 File file = new File(getFilesDir(), String.valueOf(i) + ".file"); 16 FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null; 17 try 18 { 19 fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file); 20 } 21 catch (FileNotFoundException e) 22 { 23 Log.e(TAG, "", e); 24 return; 25 } 26 27 long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); 28 testHttpClient(fileOutputStream); 29 long stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); 30 31 averageTime += stopTime - startTime; 32 } 33 averageTime /= 10; 34 35 // 测试完成 36 Message msg = new Message(); 37 msg.what = MSG_TEST_HTTP_CLIENT_DONE; 38 msg.obj = averageTime; 39 mHandler.sendMessage(msg); 40 } 41 }).start(); 42 43 return; 44 } 45 46 if (v.equals(mTestHttpUrlConnectionBtn)) 47 { 48 new Thread(new Runnable() 49 { 50 @Override 51 public void run() 52 { 53 long averageTime = 0; 54 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) 55 { 56 File file = new File(getFilesDir(), String.valueOf(i + 10) + ".file"); 57 FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null; 58 try 59 { 60 fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(file); 61 } 62 catch (FileNotFoundException e) 63 { 64 Log.e(TAG, "", e); 65 return; 66 } 67 68 long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); 69 testHttpUrlConnection(fileOutputStream); 70 long stopTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); 71 72 averageTime += stopTime - startTime; 73 } 74 averageTime /= 10; 75 76 // 测试完成 77 Message msg = new Message(); 78 msg.what = MSG_TEST_HTTP_URL_CONNECTION_DONE; 79 msg.obj = averageTime; 80 mHandler.sendMessage(msg); 81 } 82 }).start(); 83 84 return; 85 } 86 } 87 88 private void testHttpClient(FileOutputStream fileOutputStream) 89 { 90 DefaultHttpClient httpClient = new DefaultHttpClient(); 91 92 HttpEntity entity = null; 93 InputStream inputStream = null; 94 try 95 { 96 HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(TEST_URL); 97 HttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet); 98 99 StatusLine statusLine = httpResponse.getStatusLine(); 100 if (statusLine == null) 101 { 102 throw new Exception("no status line !!!"); 103 } 104 int responseCode = statusLine.getStatusCode(); 105 if (responseCode < 200 || responseCode >= 300) 106 { 107 throw new Exception("response error !!!"); 108 } 109 entity = httpResponse.getEntity(); 110 if (entity == null) 111 { 112 throw new Exception("no entity !!!"); 113 } 114 inputStream = entity.getContent(); 115 int bytesRead = -1; 116 byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; 117 while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) 118 { 119 fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); 120 } 121 } 122 catch (Exception e) 123 { 124 Log.e(TAG, "", e); 125 } 126 finally 127 { 128 try 129 { 130 if (inputStream != null) 131 { 132 inputStream.close(); 133 } 134 135 if (entity != null) 136 { 137 entity.consumeContent(); 138 } 139 140 if (fileOutputStream != null) 141 { 142 fileOutputStream.flush(); 143 fileOutputStream.close(); 144 } 145 } 146 catch (Exception e) 147 { 148 Log.e(TAG, "", e); 149 } 150 } 151 } 152 153 private void testHttpUrlConnection(FileOutputStream fileOutputStream) 154 { 155 HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null; 156 InputStream inputStream = null; 157 try 158 { 159 httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(TEST_URL).openConnection(); 160 httpURLConnection.setRequestMethod("GET"); 161 httpURLConnection.connect(); 162 163 int responseCode = httpURLConnection.getResponseCode(); 164 if (responseCode < 200 || responseCode >= 300) 165 { 166 throw new Exception("response error !!!"); 167 } 168 inputStream = httpURLConnection.getInputStream(); 169 int bytesRead = -1; 170 byte[] buffer = new byte[4096]; 171 while ((bytesRead = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1) 172 { 173 fileOutputStream.write(buffer, 0, bytesRead); 174 } 175 } 176 catch (Exception e) 177 { 178 Log.e(TAG, "", e); 179 } 180 finally 181 { 182 try 183 { 184 if (inputStream != null) 185 { 186 inputStream.close(); 187 } 188 189 if (httpURLConnection != null) 190 { 191 httpURLConnection.disconnect(); 192 } 193 194 if (fileOutputStream != null) 195 { 196 fileOutputStream.flush(); 197 fileOutputStream.close(); 198 } 199 } 200 catch (Exception e) 201 { 202 Log.e(TAG, "", e); 203 } 204 } 205 }
测试结果如下:
下载文件:360MobileSafe_4.3.5beta.apk 链接:http://msoftdl.360.cn/mobilesafe/shouji360/360safesis/360MobileSafe_4.3.5beta.apk 大小:12.65MB
测试结果: DefaultHttpClient平均耗时:7275ms(第一次) 3861ms(第二次) HttpURLConnection平均耗时:5445ms(第一次) 3119ms(第二次)
HttpURLConnection传输效率更高
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下载文件:old offender.apk 链接:http://gdown.baidu.com/data/wisegame/79fb2f638cc11043/oldoffender.apk 大小:4.98MB
测试结果: DefaultHttpClient平均耗时:3780ms(第一次) 4008ms(第二次) 4209ms(第三次) HttpURLConnection平均耗时:3718ms(第一次) 4783ms(第二次) 3945ms(第三次)
二者相差无几
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下载文件:baidu首页html 链接:http://www.baidu.com 大小:使用DefaultHttpClient下载的是11.61KB的html(被baidu视为PC端浏览器访问),使用HttpURLConnection下载的是5.22KB的html(被baidu视为移动端浏览器访问)
测试结果:无效
说明:这也是某些测试说HttpUrlConnection下载速度快几倍所使用的链接,其实根本原因在于这两API下载的html大小就差了两倍,比较结果是不公平的
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下载文件:baidu首页logo 链接:http://www.baidu.com/img/bdlogo.gif 大小:1.54KB
测试结果:无效
说明:由于文件较小,有时候DefaultHttpClient比HttpURLConnection快很多,而下一秒的测试结果又反过来了,这是因为传输时间相差无几,而连接的耗时不确定,从而导致总耗时相差很大,所以无法判断谁的传输效率更高。
结论:文件越大,可能HttpUrlConnection的速度优势越明显,应该是SDK文档宣称的GZIP压缩传输导致传输时间缩短的原因,当然,前提是服务器得支持GZIP传输~