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  • 软件光栅器实现(四、OBJ文件加载)

      本节介绍软件光栅器的OBJ和MTL文件加载,转载请注明出处。

      在管线的应用程序阶段,我们需要设置光栅器所渲染的模型数据。这些模型数据包括模型顶点的坐标、纹理、法线和材质等等,可以由我们手动编写,也可以通过文件读取。OBJ文件就是一种常用的存储模型数据的文件格式,它内部包含有所有渲染所需的信息。

      比如:

      mtllib myteapot.mtl 表示模型的材质文件名

      v  7.0000 12.0000 -0.0000 顶点位置

      vn 0.9667 -0.2557 0.0105 法线向量

      vt 0.5000 1.9000 0.0000 纹理坐标

      f 1/1/1 2/2/2 3/3/3 f开头的行,表示一个三角面的三个顶点信息索引值,比如1/1/1表示顶点索引1的点,法线信息取vn的第1个,纹理信息取vt的第1个。

      在模型加载时调用相关方法,从设定的路径读取obj文件即可:

        GeometryGenerator::GetInstance()->LoadOBJModel(m_box, "Models/myteapot.obj");
    //从obj文件加载茶壶模型 Models/myteapot.obj Models/probeColor.obj

      其中m_box为自定义的网格数据结构GeometryGenerator::MeshData* :

    class GeometryGenerator
    {
    private:
        GeometryGenerator() {}
    
    public:
        static GeometryGenerator* GetInstance()//饿汉
        {
            static GeometryGenerator instance;
            return &instance;
        }
    
        //基本网络结构:顶点集合+索引集合
        struct MeshData
        {
            std::vector<VertexIn>    vertices;
            std::vector<UINT>    indices;
        };
    
        //创建一个立方体:指定宽(X方向)、高(Y方向)、深(Z方向)
        void CreateBox(float width, float height, float depth, MeshData &mesh);
        void LoadOBJModel(MeshData &mesh, char* filename);
    };

      LoadOBJModel()方法就是用于加载OBJ文件的核心方法:

    void GeometryGenerator::LoadOBJModel(MeshData &mesh,char* filename){
        //载入obj文件,获取顶点纹理法线数据
        ObjParser* pObjParser = new ObjParser();
        pObjParser->SetFileName(filename);//myteapot.obj probeColor
        pObjParser->ReadFileCounts();//统计顶点纹理和法线数mVertexCount、mTexcoordCount等等
    
        //将数据传入顶点、纹理、法线和面数组
        // After get enough memory, clear these counts to 0, use it as index
        VertexType* vertices = new VertexType[pObjParser->mVertexCount];
        VertexType* texcoords = new VertexType[pObjParser->mTexcoordCount];
        VertexType* normals = new VertexType[pObjParser->mNormalCount];
        FaceType* faces = new FaceType[pObjParser->mFaceCount];
    
        std::ifstream fin;
        fin.open(pObjParser->mInFile);
        if (fin.fail())
        {
            pObjParser->mErr << "Open input file : Failed." << std::endl;
            return;
        }
        char input;
        char ignore;
        int iver = 0, itex = 0, inor = 0, ifac = 0;
        fin.get(input);
        while (!fin.eof())
        {
            if (input == 'v')
            {
                fin.get(input);
                switch (input)
                {
                case ' ':
                {
                    fin >> vertices[iver].x >> vertices[iver].y >> vertices[iver].z;//写入顶点数组
                    //vertices[iver].z *= -1.0f;  // RH->LH
                    iver++;
                    break;
                }
                case 't':
                {
                    fin >> texcoords[itex].x >> texcoords[itex].y >>texcoords[itex].z;//写入纹理数组
                    //texcoords[itex].y = 1.0f - texcoords[itex].y;  // RH->LH
                    itex++;
                    break;
                }
                case 'n':
                {
                    fin >> normals[inor].x >> normals[inor].y >> normals[inor].z;//写入法线数组
                    //normals[inor].z *= -1.0f; // RH->LH
                    inor++;
                    break;
                }
                }
            }
            if (input == 'f')
            {
                fin.get(input);
                if (input == ' ')
                {//写入三角面的数组,换个旋转方向,要不然会被背面剔除
                    fin >> faces[ifac].vIndex1 >> ignore >> faces[ifac].tIndex1 >> ignore >> faces[ifac].nIndex1;
                    fin >> faces[ifac].vIndex2 >> ignore >> faces[ifac].tIndex2 >> ignore >> faces[ifac].nIndex2;
                    fin >> faces[ifac].vIndex3 >> ignore >> faces[ifac].tIndex3 >> ignore >> faces[ifac].nIndex3;
                    ifac++;
                }
            }
            while (input != '
    ')
                fin.get(input);
    
            fin.get(input);
        }
        fin.close();
        //以上代码将数据读取到vertices、texcoords、normals和faces数组中
    
        mesh.vertices.clear();
        mesh.indices.clear();
        mesh.vertices.resize(pObjParser->mFaceCount * 3);
        //一共36个索引(每面6个)
        mesh.indices.resize(pObjParser->mFaceCount * 3);
        int i = 0, j = 0;
        for (; i < pObjParser->mFaceCount * 3;){
            mesh.indices[i] = i;
            mesh.indices[i + 1] = i + 1;
            mesh.indices[i + 2] = i + 2;
    
            mesh.vertices[i].pos.x = vertices[faces[j].vIndex1 - 1].x;//绑定顶点坐标
            mesh.vertices[i].pos.y = vertices[faces[j].vIndex1 - 1].y;
            mesh.vertices[i].pos.z = vertices[faces[j].vIndex1 - 1].z;
            mesh.vertices[i].pos.w = 1;
            ZCVector tmp1 = mesh.vertices[i].pos;
            mesh.vertices[i].tex.u = texcoords[faces[j].tIndex1 - 1].x;//绑定纹理坐标
            mesh.vertices[i].tex.v = texcoords[faces[j].tIndex1 - 1].y;
            mesh.vertices[i].normal.x = normals[faces[j].nIndex1 - 1].x;//绑定法线
            mesh.vertices[i].normal.y = normals[faces[j].nIndex1 - 1].y;
            mesh.vertices[i].normal.z = normals[faces[j].nIndex1 - 1].z;
            mesh.vertices[i].normal.w = 0;
            mesh.vertices[i].color = ZCVector(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);//绑定颜色
            mesh.vertices[i].color = ZCVector(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
            mesh.vertices[i].color = ZCVector(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
    
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].pos.x = vertices[faces[j].vIndex2 - 1].x;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].pos.y = vertices[faces[j].vIndex2 - 1].y;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].pos.z = vertices[faces[j].vIndex2 - 1].z;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].pos.w = 1;
            ZCVector tmp2 = mesh.vertices[i+1].pos;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].tex.u = texcoords[faces[j].tIndex2 - 1].x;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].tex.v = texcoords[faces[j].tIndex2 - 1].y;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].normal.x = normals[faces[j].nIndex2 - 1].x;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].normal.y = normals[faces[j].nIndex2 - 1].y;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].normal.z = normals[faces[j].nIndex2 - 1].z;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].normal.w = 0;
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].color = ZCVector(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].color = ZCVector(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
            mesh.vertices[i + 1].color = ZCVector(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
    
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].pos.x = vertices[faces[j].vIndex3 - 1].x;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].pos.y = vertices[faces[j].vIndex3 - 1].y;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].pos.z = vertices[faces[j].vIndex3 - 1].z;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].pos.w = 1;
            ZCVector tmp3 = mesh.vertices[i+2].pos;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].tex.u = texcoords[faces[j].tIndex3 - 1].x;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].tex.v = texcoords[faces[j].tIndex3 - 1].y;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].normal.x = normals[faces[j].nIndex3 - 1].x;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].normal.y = normals[faces[j].nIndex3 - 1].y;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].normal.z = normals[faces[j].nIndex3 - 1].z;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].normal.w = 0;
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].color = ZCVector(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].color = ZCVector(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
            mesh.vertices[i + 2].color = ZCVector(0.f, 0.f, 0.f, 1.f);
    
            i += 3;
            j++;
        }
    }

      以上代码,先遍历一遍,将该obj文件的顶点数量、纹理数量等等计算出来,确定各属性数组的大小;然后再遍历一遍obj文件的索引,将将数据读取到vertices、texcoords、normals和faces数组中;然后第三次遍历时,根据f开头的行表示的索引,将顶点信息组装成mesh网格信息。

      其中ReadFileCounts()方法用于遍历一遍顶点,记录下该obj文件的顶点数量、纹理数量等等:

    bool ObjParser::ReadFileCounts()
    {
        char input;
        std::ifstream fin;
        fin.open(mInFile);
        if (fin.fail())
        {
            mErr << "Open input file : Failed." << std::endl;
            return false;
        }
    
        fin.get(input);
        while (!fin.eof())
        {
            if (input == 'v')
            {
                fin.get(input);
                switch (input)
                {
                    case ' ':
                    {
                        mVertexCount++;
                        break;
                    }
                    case 't':
                    {
                        mTexcoordCount++;
                        break;
                    }
                    case 'n':
                    {
                        mNormalCount++;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (input == 'f')
            {
                fin.get(input);
                if (input == ' ')
                    mFaceCount++;
            }
    
            // otherwise read in the remainder of the line.
            while (input != '
    ')
                fin.get(input);
    
            // start reading the beginning of the next line.
            fin.get(input);
        }
        fin.close();
    
        return true;
    }

      在导入OBJ模型后,还可以导入mtl材质文件,mtl文件一般可以通过3dsMax生成模型时设置附带生成,记录了模型的材质信息。光栅器中通过该方法导入:

    LoadMaterial("Models/myteapot.mtl");//从mtl文件获得bmp纹理贴图的位置,获取模型的材质 3dsmax导出myteapot.mtl

      LoadMaterial()方法的实现:

    void BoxDemo::LoadMaterial(char* fileName){
        std::stringstream ss;
        string mtlfile;
        ss << fileName;
        ss >> mtlfile;
        std::ifstream fin;
        std::ofstream mErr;
        fin.open(mtlfile);
        if (fin.fail())
        {
            mErr << "Open input file : Failed." << std::endl;
        }
        char input;
        fin.get(input);
        while (!fin.eof())
        {
            if (input == '	'){
                fin.get(input);
            }
            if (input == 'K')
            {
                fin.get(input);
                switch (input)
                {
                case 'a':
                {
                    //fin >> vertices[mVertexCount].x >> vertices[mVertexCount].y >> vertices[mVertexCount].z;
                    fin >> m_material.ambient.x >> m_material.ambient.y >> m_material.ambient.z;
                    break;
                }
                case 'd':
                {
                    fin >> m_material.diffuse.x >> m_material.diffuse.y >> m_material.diffuse.z;
                    break;
                }
                case 's':
                {
                    fin >> m_material.specular.x >> m_material.specular.y >> m_material.specular.z;
                    m_material.specular.w = 1.f;
                    break;
                }
                }
            }
            if (input == 'm'){
                fin.get(input); fin.get(input); fin.get(input); fin.get(input); fin.get(input);
                if (input == 'd'){//获得漫反射贴图
                    fin.get(input); fin.get(input);
                    stringstream ss2;
                    while (input != '
    '){
                        ss2 << input;
                        fin.get(input);
                    }
                    ss2 >> bmplocation;
                }
            }
    
            // otherwise read in the remainder of the line.
            while (input != '
    ')
                fin.get(input);
    
            // start reading the beginning of the next line.
            fin.get(input);
        }
    
    }

      以上代码通过遍历mtl材质文件,将指向该模型的环境光系数、漫反射系数、镜面反射系数、高光系数和纹理、法线贴图等路径加载到光栅器维护的数据容器中,供之后的PS像素着色器阶段使用。

      myteapot.obj和myteapot.mtl文件最终的渲染效果:

       

     (完)

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zeppelin5/p/10067683.html
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