wtforms

wusir

WTForms是一个支持多个web框架的form组件，主要用于对用户请求数据进行验证。

两大作用：

- 生成HTML标签
- form表单验证

安装：

pip3 install wtforms 

用户登录注册示例

1. 用户登录

当用户登录时候，需要对用户提交的用户名和密码进行多种格式校验。如：

用户不能为空；用户长度必须大于6；

密码不能为空；密码长度必须大于12；密码必须包含 字母、数字、特殊字符等（自定义正则）；

2.用户注册

注册页面需要让用户输入：用户名、密码、密码重复、性别、爱好等。

代码实现：

from flask import Flask,request,render_template,session,current_app,g,redirect
from wtforms import Form
from wtforms.fields import simple
from wtforms.fields import html5
from wtforms.fields import core

from wtforms import widgets
from wtforms import validators

app = Flask(__name__)


class LoginForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'),
            # validators.Length(min=6, max=18, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d且小于%(max)d')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={'placeholder':'请输入用户名'}
    )
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'),
            # validators.Length(min=8, message='用户名长度必须大于%(min)d'),
            # validators.Regexp(regex="^(?=.*[a-z])(?=.*[A-Z])(?=.*d)(?=.*[$@$!%*?&])[A-Za-zd$@$!%*?&]{8,}",
            #                   message='密码至少8个字符，至少1个大写字母，1个小写字母，1个数字和1个特殊字符')

        ],
        render_kw={'placeholder':'请输入密码'}
    )


@app.route('/login',methods=['GET','POST'])
def login():
    if request.method == "GET":
        form = LoginForm()
        # print(form.name,type(form.name)) # form.name是StringField()对象, StringField().__str__
        # print(form.pwd,type(form.pwd))   # form.pwd是PasswordField()对象,PasswordField().__str__
        return render_template('login.html',form=form)

    form = LoginForm(formdata=request.form)
    if form.validate():
        print(form.data)
        return redirect('https://www.luffycity.com/home')
    else:
        # print(form.errors)
        return render_template('login.html', form=form)


class RegisterForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        label='用户名',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired()
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'},
        default='hui'
    )

    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        label='密码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.')
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    pwd_confirm = simple.PasswordField(
        label='重复密码',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='重复密码不能为空.'),
            validators.EqualTo('pwd', message="两次密码输入不一致")
        ],
        widget=widgets.PasswordInput(),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    email = html5.EmailField(
        label='邮箱',
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='邮箱不能为空.'),
            # validators.Email(message='邮箱格式错误')
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(input_type='email'),
        render_kw={'class': 'form-control'}
    )

    gender = core.RadioField(
        label='性别',
        choices=(
            (1, '男'),
            (2, '女'),
        ),
        coerce=int # int("1")
    )
    city = core.SelectField(
        label='城市',
        choices=(
            ('bj', '北京'),
            ('sh', '上海'),
        )
    )

    hobby = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='爱好',
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        coerce=int
    )

    favor = core.SelectMultipleField(
        label='喜好',
        choices=(
            (1, '篮球'),
            (2, '足球'),
        ),
        widget=widgets.ListWidget(prefix_label=False),
        option_widget=widgets.CheckboxInput(),
        coerce=int,
        default=[1, ]
    )

@app.route('/register', methods=['GET', 'POST'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'GET':
        form = RegisterForm()
        return render_template('register.html', form=form)

    form = RegisterForm(formdata=request.form)
    if form.validate():
        print(form.data)
        return redirect('https://www.luffycity.com/home')

    return render_template('register.html', form=form)

import helper
class UserForm(Form):
    city = core.SelectField(
        label='城市',
        choices=(),
        coerce=int
    )
    name = simple.StringField(label='姓名')

    def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
        super(UserForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)

        self.city.choices=helper.fetch_all('select id,name from tb1',[],type=None)
        #每次请求到来时都会去数据库取一遍数据，这样可对数据库的数据做一个实时的更新


@app.route('/user')
def user():
    if request.method == "GET":
        #form = UserForm(data={'name':'alex','city':3})
        form = UserForm()
        return render_template('user.html',form=form)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" novalidate>
        <p>用户名：{{form.name}}  {{form.name.errors[0]}}</p>
        <p>密码：{{form.pwd}}  {{form.pwd.errors[0]}} </p>
        <p><input type="submit" value="提交"  ></p>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

register.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post" novalidate>

        {% for field in form %}
        <p>{{field.label}}: {{field}}   {{field.errors[0]}}</p>
        {% endfor %}

        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
</head>
<body>
    <form method="post">
        {% for field in form %}
        <p>{{field.label}}: {{field}}   {{field.errors[0]}}</p>
        {% endfor %}
        <input type="submit" value="提交">
    </form>
</body>
</html>

import pymysql
from DBUtils.PooledDB import PooledDB, SharedDBConnection
import pymysql

POOL = PooledDB(
        creator=pymysql,  # 使用链接数据库的模块
        maxconnections=6,  # 连接池允许的最大连接数，0和None表示不限制连接数
        mincached=2,  # 初始化时，链接池中至少创建的空闲的链接，0表示不创建
        maxcached=5,  # 链接池中最多闲置的链接，0和None不限制
        maxshared=3,
        # 链接池中最多共享的链接数量，0和None表示全部共享。PS: 无用，因为pymysql和MySQLdb等模块的 threadsafety都为1，所有值无论设置为多少，_maxcached永远为0，所以永远是所有链接都共享。
        blocking=True,  # 连接池中如果没有可用连接后，是否阻塞等待。True，等待；False，不等待然后报错
        maxusage=None,  # 一个链接最多被重复使用的次数，None表示无限制
        setsession=[],  # 开始会话前执行的命令列表。如：["set datestyle to ...", "set time zone ..."]
        ping=0,
        # ping MySQL服务端，检查是否服务可用。# 如：0 = None = never, 1 = default = whenever it is requested, 2 = when a cursor is created, 4 = when a query is executed, 7 = always
        host='127.0.0.1',
        port=3306,
        user='root',
        password='2180736',
        database='s9day119',
        charset='utf8'
    )

def connect(type):
    conn = POOL.connection()
    cursor = conn.cursor(cursor=type)
    return conn,cursor


def connect_close(conn,cursor):
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()

def fetch_all(sql,args,type=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor):
    conn,cursor = connect(type)

    cursor.execute(sql, args)
    record_list = cursor.fetchall()
    connect_close(conn,cursor)

    return record_list


def fetch_one(sql, args):
    conn, cursor = connect()
    cursor.execute(sql, args)
    result = cursor.fetchone()
    connect_close(conn, cursor)

    return result


def insert(sql, args):
    conn, cursor = connect()
    row = cursor.execute(sql, args)
    conn.commit()
    connect_close(conn, cursor)
    return row

 相关知识：

meta

钩子函数：

class LoginForm(Form):
    name = simple.StringField(
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='用户名不能为空.'),
        ],
        widget=widgets.TextInput(),
        render_kw={'placeholder':'请输入用户名'}
    )
    pwd = simple.PasswordField(
        validators=[
            validators.DataRequired(message='密码不能为空.'),

        ],
        render_kw={'placeholder':'请输入密码'}
    )

    #钩子函数
    def validate_name(self, field):
        """
        自定义name字段规则
        :param field:
        :return:
        """
        # 最开始初始化时，self.data中已经有所有的值
        print('钩子函数获取的值',field.data)
        if not field.data.startswith('old'):
            raise validators.ValidationError("用户名必须以old开头") # 继续后续验证
            # raise validators.StopValidation("用户名必须以old开头")  # 不再继续后续验证