mvc5+ef6+Bootstrap 项目心得--身份验证和权限管理

最近和朋友完成了一个大单子架构是mvc5+ef6+Bootstrap，用的是vs2015，数据库是sql server2014。朋友做的架构，项目完成后觉得很多值得我学习，在这里总结下一些心得。

创建项目一开始删掉App_Start目录下的IdentityConfig.cs和Startup.Auth.cs文件;清空Modle文件夹，Controller文件夹和相应的View; 删除目录下的ApplicationInsights.config文件和Startup.cs文件。（不使用自带的Identity，太多内容不需要）

修改web.config文件（添加<add key="owin:AutomaticAppStartup" value="false"/>不使用Startup.cs文件来启动项目）

<appSettings>
    <add key="webpages:Version" value="3.0.0.0" />
    <add key="webpages:Enabled" value="false" />
    <add key="ClientValidationEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="UnobtrusiveJavaScriptEnabled" value="true" />
    <add key="owin:AutomaticAppStartup" value="false"/> <!--去掉创建项目初的Startup.cs文件的设置-->
  </appSettings>

（不用他们是因为自带的这些内容太冗余）

去掉冗余内容正式开始,首先介绍数据库这一块，数据库我们是配置的可以手动生成和修改的

1.在项目目录想创建Migrations文件夹，里面添加Configuration.cs文件

internal sealed class Configuration : DbMigrationsConfiguration<AccountContext>
    {
        public Configuration()
        {
            AutomaticMigrationsEnabled = true;
            ContextKey = "UserProject.DAL.AccountContext";
        }
        protected override void Seed(AccountContext context)
        {
            //base.Seed(context);
        }
    }

在Model文件夹下添加AccountContext.cs文件

public class AccountContext:DbContext
    {
        public AccountContext():base("AccountContext") {

        }

        public DbSet<User> Users { get; set; }
        protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Conventions.Remove<PluralizingTableNameConvention>();
        }
    }

<connectionStrings>
    <add name="AccountContext" connectionString="Data Source=(LocalDb)MSSQLLocalDB;AttachDbFilename=|DataDirectory|UserProject.mdf;Initial Catalog=UserProject;Integrated Security=True" providerName="System.Data.SqlClient" />
  </connectionStrings>

然后 使用vs2015里面的工具-NuGet包管理器-程序包管理控制平台

输入add-migration Initial 按回车，在输入update-database按回车。在App_Data文件夹下就会看到AccountContext数据库了。

2.在Model文件夹下添加User.css文件

public class User
    {
        public int ID { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string Password { get; set; }
        public Role Role { get; set; }
    }

public enum Role//角色枚举

{ 管理员 = 1, 员工 = 2, 经理 = 3, 总经理 = 4, 董事长 = 5 }

在ViewModel文件夹中添加Account.cs文件

public class Account
    {
        [Required]
        public string Name { get; set; }
        [Required]
        public string Password { get; set; }

        public string RePassword { get; set; }
    }

这里推荐创建BaseController之后的Controller就继承它来使用

public class BaseController : Controller
    {
        public string UserName => User.Identity.Name;
        public AccountContext db = new AccountContext();
        private User _userInfo = null;
        public User CurrentUserInfo
        {
            get
            {
                if (_userInfo == null)
                {
                    var user = db.Users.SingleOrDefault(u => u.UserName == UserName);//此处为了不每次访问用户表可以做一个静态类，里面存放用户表信息.
                    _userInfo = user == null ? null : new User()
                    {
                        ID = user.ID,
                        UserName = user.UserName,
                        Role = user.Role
                    };
                }
                return _userInfo;
            }
        } 　　　　//验证角色：获取Action的CustomAttributes，过滤角色
        protected override void OnActionExecuting(ActionExecutingContext filterContext)
        {
            base.OnActionExecuting(filterContext);
            var authRoleAtt = filterContext.ActionDescriptor.GetCustomAttributes(false).SingleOrDefault(att => att is AuthorizeRoleAttribute) as AuthorizeRoleAttribute;
            if (authRoleAtt == null && CurrentUserInfo != null)
                return;

            if (!authRoleAtt.Roles.Contains(CurrentUserInfo.Role))
            {
                filterContext.Result = View("NoPermission", "_Layout", "您没有权限访问此功能!");
            }
        } //这里是记log用
        protected override void OnActionExecuted(ActionExecutedContext filterContext)
        {
            base.OnActionExecuted(filterContext);
            var msg = $"用户: {CurrentUserInfo?.UserName}, 链接: {Request.Url}";
            if (Request.HttpMethod == "POST")
                msg += $", 数据: {HttpUtility.UrlDecode(Request.Form.ToString())}";
            //Log.Debug(msg);
        }
    }

AdminController继承BaseController

[Authorize]
        public ActionResult Index()
        {
            return View(db.Users.ToList());
        }

        
        [Authorize, AuthorizeRole(Role.管理员)]
        public ActionResult Details(int? id)
        {
            if (id == null)
            {
                return new HttpStatusCodeResult(HttpStatusCode.BadRequest);
            }
            User user = db.Users.Find(id);
            if (user == null)
            {
                return HttpNotFound();
            }
            return View(user);
        }

登录页面：

@model UserProject.ViewModels.Account
@{
    ViewBag.Title = "Login";
}

@using (Html.BeginForm("Login", "Admin",FormMethod.Post, new { @class = "form-horizontal", role = "form" })) {
    @Html.AntiForgeryToken()
    <hr />
                @Html.ValidationSummary(true, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                <div class="form-group">
                    @Html.LabelFor(m => m.Name, new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
                    <div class="col-md-10">
                        @Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Name, new { @class = "form-control" })
                        @Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.Name, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    @Html.LabelFor(m => m.Password, new { @class = "col-md-2 control-label" })
                    <div class="col-md-10">
                        @Html.PasswordFor(m => m.Password, new { @class = "form-control" })
                        @Html.ValidationMessageFor(m => m.Password, "", new { @class = "text-danger" })
                    </div>
                </div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                        <input type="submit" value="登录" class="btn btn-primary" />
                    </div>
                </div>
}

登录的Action：

[AllowAnonymous]
        public ActionResult Login()
        {

            return View();
        }

        [HttpPost, AllowAnonymous]
        public ActionResult Login(Account model)
        {
            if (ModelState.IsValid)
            {
                var user = db.Users.SingleOrDefault(t => t.UserName == model.Name && t.Password == model.Password);
                if (user != null)
                {
                    FormsAuthentication.SetAuthCookie(model.Name, false);//将用户名放入Cookie中

                    return RedirectToAction("Index");
                }
                else
                {
                    ModelState.AddModelError("Name", "用户名不存在!");
                }
            }
            return View(model);
        }

        public ActionResult LogOff()
        {
            FormsAuthentication.SignOut();
            return RedirectToAction("Login");
        }

按照以上方式 访问Details这个Action的时候必须是管理员角色。

此仅仅是测试项目，作为完成私活的部分知识点的总结。