zoukankan      html  css  js  c++  java
  • LINUX LVM和快照卷配置和管理

    具体参考这个文章把: http://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_042_lvm.html

    1.LVM是什么

    逻辑卷管理LVM是一个多才多艺的硬盘系统工具。无论在Linux或者其他类似的系统,都是非常的好用。传统分区使用固定大小分区,重新调整大小十分麻烦。但是,LVM可以创建和管理“逻辑”卷,而不是直接使用物理硬盘。可以让管理员弹性的管理逻辑卷的扩大缩小,操作简单,而不损坏已存储的数据。可以随意将新的硬盘添加到LVM,以直接扩展已经存在的逻辑卷。LVM并不需要重启就可以让内核知道分区的存在。

    2准备磁盘分区

    2.1添加2块磁盘

    2.2给/dev/sdb创建分区并调整类型为8e

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    
    
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): 
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610): +1G
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 2  
    First cylinder (124-2610, default 124): 
    Using default value 124
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (124-2610, default 2610): +1G
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 3
    First cylinder (247-2610, default 247): 
    Using default value 247
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (247-2610, default 2610): +1G
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1         123      987966   83  Linux
    /dev/sdb2             124         246      987997+  83  Linux
    /dev/sdb3             247         369      987997+  83  Linux
    
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    Hex code (type L to list codes): L
    
     0  Empty           1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix       bf  Solaris        
     1  FAT12           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
     2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          82  Linux swap / So c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
     3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  83  Linux           c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
     4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     84  OS/2 hidden C:  c7  Syrinx         
     5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   85  Linux extended  da  Non-FS data    
     6  FAT16           42  SFS             86  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
     7  HPFS/NTFS       4d  QNX4.x          87  NTFS volume set de  Dell Utility   
     8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 88  Linux plaintext df  BootIt         
     9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 8e  Linux LVM       e1  DOS access     
     a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      93  Amoeba          e3  DOS R/O        
     b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 94  Amoeba BBT      e4  SpeedStor      
     c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            9f  BSD/OS          eb  BeOS fs        
     e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a0  IBM Thinkpad hi ee  EFI GPT        
     f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a5  FreeBSD         ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
    10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a6  OpenBSD         f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
    11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a7  NeXTSTEP        f1  SpeedStor      
    12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a8  Darwin UFS      f4  SpeedStor      
    14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       a9  NetBSD          f2  DOS secondary  
    16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys ab  Darwin boot     fb  VMware VMFS    
    17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fc  VMware VMKCORE 
    18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fd  Linux raid auto
    1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fe  LANstep        
    1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
    Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
    
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition number (1-4): 2
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
    Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)
    
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition number (1-4): 3
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
    Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1         123      987966   8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sdb2             124         246      987997+  8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sdb3             247         369      987997+  8e  Linux LVM
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    
    WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
    The kernel still uses the old table.
    The new table will be used at the next reboot.
    Syncing disks.
    View Code

     2.3同样给、dev/sdc创建分区并调整类型为8e

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdc
    Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
    Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
    until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
    content won't be recoverable.
    
    
    The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 1305.
    There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
    and could in certain setups cause problems with:
    1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
    2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
       (e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
    Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    First cylinder (1-1305, default 1): 
    Using default value 1
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-1305, default 1305): +1g
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 2
    First cylinder (124-1305, default 124):  
    Using default value 124
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (124-1305, default 1305): +1g
    
    Command (m for help): n
    Command action
       e   extended
       p   primary partition (1-4)
    p
    Partition number (1-4): 3
    First cylinder (247-1305, default 247): 
    Using default value 247
    Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (247-1305, default 1305): +1g
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdc1               1         123      987966   83  Linux
    /dev/sdc2             124         246      987997+  83  Linux
    /dev/sdc3             247         369      987997+  83  Linux
    
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition number (1-4): 1
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
    Changed system type of partition 1 to 8e (Linux LVM)
    
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition number (1-4): 2
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e   
    Changed system type of partition 2 to 8e (Linux LVM)
    
    Command (m for help): t
    Partition number (1-4): 3
    Hex code (type L to list codes): 8e
    Changed system type of partition 3 to 8e (Linux LVM)
    
    Command (m for help): p
    
    Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdc1               1         123      987966   8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sdc2             124         246      987997+  8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sdc3             247         369      987997+  8e  Linux LVM
    
    Command (m for help): w
    The partition table has been altered!
    
    Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
    
    WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
    The kernel still uses the old table.
    The new table will be used at the next reboot.
    Syncing disks.
    View Code

    2.4查看上面2步骤的信息

    [root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l
    
    Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sda1   *           1          13      104391   83  Linux
    /dev/sda2              14        2610    20860402+  8e  Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdb1               1         123      987966   8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sdb2             124         246      987997+  8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sdb3             247         369      987997+  8e  Linux LVM
    
    Disk /dev/sdc: 10.7 GB, 10737418240 bytes
    255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 1305 cylinders
    Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
    
       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
    /dev/sdc1               1         123      987966   8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sdc2             124         246      987997+  8e  Linux LVM
    /dev/sdc3             247         369      987997+  8e  Linux LVM
    View Code

    3.准备物理卷(PV)

     3.1确保分区已经被系统识别

    [root@localhost ~]# partprobe 
    [root@localhost ~]# cat /proc/partitions 
    major minor  #blocks  name
    
       8     0   20971520 sda
       8     1     104391 sda1
       8     2   20860402 sda2
       8    16   20971520 sdb
       8    17     987966 sdb1
       8    18     987997 sdb2
       8    19     987997 sdb3
       8    32   10485760 sdc
       8    33     987966 sdc1
       8    34     987997 sdc2
       8    35     987997 sdc3
     253     0   15728640 dm-0
     253     1    5111808 dm-1

    注:上面创建的6个分区都已经被系统读取到了。

    3.2创建PV

    [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb{1,2,3} /dev/sdc{1,2,3}
      Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb1"
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created
      Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb2"
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb2" successfully created
      Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb3"
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb3" successfully created
      Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdc1"
      Physical volume "/dev/sdc1" successfully created
      Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdc2"
      Physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created
      Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdc3"
      Physical volume "/dev/sdc3" successfully created

    3.3使用pvdisplay查看各个pv详细信息

    [root@localhost ~]# pvdisplay
      --- Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sda2
      VG Name               VolGroup00
      PV Size               19.89 GB / not usable 19.49 MB
      Allocatable           yes (but full)
      PE Size (KByte)       32768
      Total PE              636
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          636
      PV UUID               0Z3ac4-OGzp-8Aop-Pz1t-KEtL-lgWk-iWjU5y
       
      "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "964.81 MB"
      --- NEW Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdb1
      VG Name               
      PV Size               964.81 MB
      Allocatable           NO
      PE Size (KByte)       0
      Total PE              0
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          0
      PV UUID               gd7wHw-e4Hx-Sq3R-Y1ls-8emn-LT57-jrgGc8
       
      "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "964.84 MB"
      --- NEW Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdb2
      VG Name               
      PV Size               964.84 MB
      Allocatable           NO
      PE Size (KByte)       0
      Total PE              0
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          0
      PV UUID               J00YwU-AG77-lXDD-bZuf-jmni-5Mpj-0EOIGs
       
      "/dev/sdb3" is a new physical volume of "964.84 MB"
      --- NEW Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdb3
      VG Name               
      PV Size               964.84 MB
      Allocatable           NO
      PE Size (KByte)       0
      Total PE              0
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          0
      PV UUID               BcPaAb-kyr1-uzMC-VV1D-M2Rr-mFh0-k7qD4L
       
      "/dev/sdc1" is a new physical volume of "964.81 MB"
      --- NEW Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdc1
      VG Name               
      PV Size               964.81 MB
      Allocatable           NO
      PE Size (KByte)       0
      Total PE              0
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          0
      PV UUID               7pxh1W-9bXB-VFyi-Ccwn-ol7z-tkbW-xyW1js
       
      "/dev/sdc2" is a new physical volume of "964.84 MB"
      --- NEW Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdc2
      VG Name               
      PV Size               964.84 MB
      Allocatable           NO
      PE Size (KByte)       0
      Total PE              0
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          0
      PV UUID               mN7ZbA-XZtH-V0lq-TDSO-jcXW-W3yt-bIaTIy
       
      "/dev/sdc3" is a new physical volume of "964.84 MB"
      --- NEW Physical volume ---
      PV Name               /dev/sdc3
      VG Name               
      PV Size               964.84 MB
      Allocatable           NO
      PE Size (KByte)       0
      Total PE              0
      Free PE               0
      Allocated PE          0
      PV UUID               PuBFaL-En9g-vlFh-Zn2F-0NYZ-OgbH-78lHf9
    View Code

    3.4 删除pv

    [root@localhost ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1                   #删除创建好的pv
      Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped
    [root@localhost ~]# pvcreate /dev/sdb1                   #为了后续的实验,这里创建创建一次
      Writing physical volume data to disk "/dev/sdb1"
      Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

    4 准备卷组(VG)

    4.1创建vg

    [root@localhost ~]# vgcreate  vg-zhaojiedi /dev/sdb{1,2} /dev/sdc{1,2}
      Volume group "vg-zhaojiedi" successfully created

    4.2查看vg信息

    [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               vg-zhaojiedi
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        4
      Metadata Sequence No  1
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                0
      Open LV               0
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                4
      Act PV                4
      VG Size               3.77 GB
      PE Size               4.00 MB
      Total PE              964
      Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
      Free  PE / Size       964 / 3.77 GB
      VG UUID               tLoxsN-ZISg-Ebdf-7OIk-i5gz-73iN-RWjtoU
       
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               VolGroup00
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  3
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                2
      Open LV               2
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               19.88 GB
      PE Size               32.00 MB
      Total PE              636
      Alloc PE / Size       636 / 19.88 GB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               pL0fvM-64mT-Vu4Y-2hUA-hyvj-FHMK-NF2t5m
       
    View Code

    4.3删除vg

    [root@localhost ~]# vgremove vg-zhaojiedi          #删除vg
      Volume group "vg-zhaojiedi" successfully removed
    [root@localhost ~]# vgcreate  vg-zhaojiedi /dev/sdb{1,2} /dev/sdc{1,2}    #再次创建,用于后续测试
      Volume group "vg-zhaojiedi" successfully created

    5.创建逻辑卷(LV)

    5.1创建逻辑卷

    [root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 1G -n lv-zhaojiedi vg-zhaojiedi
      Logical volume "lv-zhaojiedi" created
    • -L:指定逻辑卷的大小
    • -n:指定逻辑卷的名字

    5.2 查看逻辑卷

    [root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay 
      --- Logical volume ---
      LV Name                /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi
      VG Name                vg-zhaojiedi
      LV UUID                qyvrpi-TV4Q-1U3h-0UXJ-6c8N-bds5-kapP11
      LV Write Access        read/write
      LV Status              available
      # open                 0
      LV Size                1.00 GB
      Current LE             256
      Segments               2
      Allocation             inherit
      Read ahead sectors     auto
      - currently set to     256
      Block device           253:2
       
      --- Logical volume ---
      LV Name                /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
      VG Name                VolGroup00
      LV UUID                YQ5wpv-9bjK-WAOG-03lr-dsHD-hMBJ-Wcj22F
      LV Write Access        read/write
      LV Status              available
      # open                 1
      LV Size                15.00 GB
      Current LE             480
      Segments               1
      Allocation             inherit
      Read ahead sectors     auto
      - currently set to     256
      Block device           253:0
       
      --- Logical volume ---
      LV Name                /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01
      VG Name                VolGroup00
      LV UUID                h2xJcZ-Aszi-u2aa-Mi5i-U8cP-R6V2-5KrI2H
      LV Write Access        read/write
      LV Status              available
      # open                 1
      LV Size                4.88 GB
      Current LE             156
      Segments               1
      Allocation             inherit
      Read ahead sectors     auto
      - currently set to     256
      Block device           253:1
    View Code

    5.3 挂载逻辑卷

    [root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi     #格式化文件系统
    mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
    Filesystem label=
    OS type: Linux
    Block size=4096 (log=2)
    Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
    131072 inodes, 262144 blocks
    13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
    First data block=0
    Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
    8 block groups
    32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
    16384 inodes per group
    Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
    
    Writing inode tables: done                            
    Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
    Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
    
    This filesystem will be automatically checked every 39 mounts or
    180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
    [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/lvm                        #创建挂载点目录
    [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi /mnt/lvm      #挂载

    5.4删除逻辑卷

    [root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi              #先卸载
    [root@localhost ~]# lvremove /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi            #在移除
    Do you really want to remove active logical volume lv-zhaojiedi? [y/n]: y
      Logical volume "lv-zhaojiedi" successfully removed
    [root@localhost ~]# lvcreate -L 1G -n lv-zhaojiedi vg-zhaojiedi        #这里为了接下来的测试,重新创建
      Logical volume "lv-zhaojiedi" created
    [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi /mnt/lvm      #重新挂载
    mount: you must specify the filesystem type

    6扩展一个逻辑卷

    6.1 卸载逻辑卷

    [root@localhost ~]# umount /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi 

    6.2查看vg,lv空间情况

    [root@localhost ~]# lvdisplay  /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi
      --- Logical volume ---
      LV Name                /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi
      VG Name                vg-zhaojiedi
      LV UUID                x1Oru1-0khT-xbmW-qk0R-lVEW-UIGf-bakDcl
      LV Write Access        read/write
      LV Status              available
      # open                 0
      LV Size                1.00 GB
      Current LE             256
      Segments               2
      Allocation             inherit
      Read ahead sectors     auto
      - currently set to     256
      Block device           253:2
       
    [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay  vg-zhaojiedi
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               vg-zhaojiedi
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        4
      Metadata Sequence No  4
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                1
      Open LV               0
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                4
      Act PV                4
      VG Size               3.77 GB
      PE Size               4.00 MB
      Total PE              964
      Alloc PE / Size       256 / 1.00 GB
      Free  PE / Size       708 / 2.77 GB
      VG UUID               pp8kaf-FQH6-kFfj-kxmb-OrfU-K5IE-34QjNR
       

    注: 从上图中可以发现, 我们的vg是4G的, lv的空间是1G的, 还有3G可用的空间

    6.3 我们扩容的大小还在vg的空间范围内的话

    [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +1G /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi               #扩展1G
      Extending logical volume lv-zhaojiedi to 2.00 GB
      Logical volume lv-zhaojiedi successfully resized
    [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi                     #重新定义文件大小
    resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
    resize2fs: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi
    Couldn't find valid filesystem superblock.
    [root@localhost ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi                     #检查磁盘错误
    e2fsck 1.39 (29-May-2006)
    Couldn't find ext2 superblock, trying backup blocks...
    Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
    Pass 2: Checking directory structure
    Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
    Pass 4: Checking reference counts
    Pass 5: Checking group summary information
    
    /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
    /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi: 11/131072 files (9.1% non-contiguous), 12645/262144 blocks
    [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi                     #重新定义文件系统大小
    resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
    Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi to 524288 (4k) blocks.
    The filesystem on /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi is now 524288 blocks long.

    6.4卷组的大小不够我们扩容的需求的话

    上面我们已经扩容1G,逻辑卷就是2G的带下了。 vg的大小是4G,如果我们还要扩容3G的话, VG的大小是不够的。

    [root@localhost ~]# vgextend  vg-zhaojiedi /dev/sdb3 /dev/sdc3            #上面创建的那个pv没有使用呢。 这里添加到vg中,扩展vg
      Volume group "vg-zhaojiedi" successfully extended
    [root@localhost ~]# vgdisplay                           #查看vg
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               vg-zhaojiedi
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        6
      Metadata Sequence No  6
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                1
      Open LV               0
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                6
      Act PV                6
      VG Size               5.65 GB
      PE Size               4.00 MB
      Total PE              1446
      Alloc PE / Size       512 / 2.00 GB
      Free  PE / Size       934 / 3.65 GB
      VG UUID               pp8kaf-FQH6-kFfj-kxmb-OrfU-K5IE-34QjNR
       
      --- Volume group ---
      VG Name               VolGroup00
      System ID             
      Format                lvm2
      Metadata Areas        1
      Metadata Sequence No  3
      VG Access             read/write
      VG Status             resizable
      MAX LV                0
      Cur LV                2
      Open LV               2
      Max PV                0
      Cur PV                1
      Act PV                1
      VG Size               19.88 GB
      PE Size               32.00 MB
      Total PE              636
      Alloc PE / Size       636 / 19.88 GB
      Free  PE / Size       0 / 0   
      VG UUID               pL0fvM-64mT-Vu4Y-2hUA-hyvj-FHMK-NF2t5m
       
    [root@localhost ~]# lvextend -L +3G /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi             #扩展lv
      Extending logical volume lv-zhaojiedi to 5.00 GB
      Logical volume lv-zhaojiedi successfully resized
    [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi                   #文件系统大小
    resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
    Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi to 1310720 (4k) blocks.
    The filesystem on /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi is now 1310720 blocks long.

    7缩减逻辑卷

    [root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi /mnt/lvm      #挂载
    [root@localhost ~]# df -lh                                             #查看使用情况
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
                           15G  5.2G  8.6G  38% /
    /dev/sda1              99M   13M   82M  13% /boot
    tmpfs                 252M     0  252M   0% /dev/shm
    /dev/mapper/vg--zhaojiedi-lv--zhaojiedi
                          5.0G   35M  4.7G   1% /mnt/lvm
    [root@localhost ~]# umount /mnt/lvm                                 #卸载
    [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi 2G
    resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
    Please run 'e2fsck -f /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi' first.
    [root@localhost ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi           #检查
    e2fsck 1.39 (29-May-2006)
    Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
    Pass 2: Checking directory structure
    Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
    Pass 4: Checking reference counts
    Pass 5: Checking group summary information
    /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi: 11/655360 files (9.1% non-contiguous), 29288/1310720 blocks
    [root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi 2G
    resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
    Resizing the filesystem on /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi to 524288 (4k) blocks.
    The filesystem on /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi is now 524288 blocks long.
    [root@localhost ~]# lvreduce -L 2G /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi     #减少到2G,注意减少逻辑卷的大小值若小于储存的数据大小,存储在后面的数据会丢失。
      WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 2.00 GB
      THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.)
    Do you really want to reduce lv-zhaojiedi? [y/n]: y
      Reducing logical volume lv-zhaojiedi to 2.00 GB
      Logical volume lv-zhaojiedi successfully resized

     8 创建快照卷

    #下面我们在/mnt/lvm目录挂载逻辑卷,在/mnt/lvm-snap目录挂载快照卷,然后需要lvm目录的文件, 在查看lvm目录的文件和lvm-snap的文件。
    [root@localhost cron]# mount /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi /mnt/lvm #挂载逻辑卷
    [root@localhost cron]# cd /mnt/lvm #进入挂载目录 [root@localhost lvm]# cp /etc/fstab . #copy一些文件进入逻辑卷挂载目录 [root@localhost lvm]# cp /etc/sysctl.conf . [root@localhost lvm]# ls fstab lost+found sysctl.conf [root@localhost lvm]# mkdir /mnt/lvm-snap #提前创建快照卷挂载目录 [root@localhost lvm]# lvcreate -L 100M -s -n "lvm-snap" /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lv-zhaojiedi #创建快照卷 Logical volume "lvm-snap" created [root@localhost lvm]# mount /dev/vg-zhaojiedi/lvm-snap /mnt/lvm-snap/ #挂载快照卷 [root@localhost lvm]# ls ../lvm-snap/ #查看快照卷, 此时已经有文件显示出来了 fstab lost+found sysctl.conf [root@localhost lvm]# echo " hello " >> /mnt/lvm/fstab #修改lvm目录的文件内容 [root@localhost lvm]# cat /mnt/lvm/fstab #查看逻辑卷的内容 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /test/project ext3 rw 0 0 LABEL="MYDATA" /mnt/mydata ext3 rw 0 0 hello [root@localhost lvm]# cat /mnt/lvm-snap/fstab #查看快照卷的内容 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1 LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2 tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 proc /proc proc defaults 0 0 /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0 /dev/sdb1 /test/project ext3 rw 0 0 LABEL="MYDATA" /mnt/mydata ext3 rw 0 0
  • 相关阅读:
    服务器负载均衡的基本功能和实现原理
    二分查找
    TCP的运输连接管理
    linux常用命令
    XX公司在线笔试题编程题之一
    java对象转json格式
    Java多线程并发技术
    进程同步与通信
    单例模式的C++实现
    rsyncd启动脚本
  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaojiedi1992/p/zhaojiedi_linux_012_lvm.html
Copyright © 2011-2022 走看看