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  • Spring 实现策略模式--自定义注解方式解耦if...else

    策略模式

    定义

    定义一簇算法类,将每个算法分别封装起来,让他们可以互相替换,策略模式可以使算法的变化独立于使用它们的客户端

    场景

    使用策略模式,可以避免冗长的if-else 或 switch分支判断

    实现

    1. 策略的定义

      策略的定义需要定义一个策略接口和一组实现这个接口的策略类,因为所有的策略类都实现相同的接口

    public interface Strategy{
    	void algorithm();
    }
    
    public class ConcreteStrategyA implements Strategy {
     @Override
     public void algorithm() {
     //具体的算法...
     }
    }
    public class ConcreteStrategyB implements Strategy {
     @Override
     public void algorithm() {
     //具体的算法...
     }
    }
    
    1. 策略的创建

      在使用的时候,一般会通过类型来判断创建哪个策略来使用,在策略上下文中,可以使用map维护好策略类

    2. 策略的使用

      策略模式包含一组可选策略,在使用策略时,一般如何确定使用哪个策略呢?最常见的是运行时动态确定使用哪种策略。程序在运行期间,根据配置、计算结果、网络等这些不确定因素,动态决定使用哪种策略

    public class StrategyContext{
    	private static final Map<String, Strategy> strategies = new HashMap<>();
        
    	static {
         strategies.put("A", new ConcreteStrategyA());
         strategies.put("B", new ConcreteStrategyB());
        }
        
        private static Strategy getStrategy(String type) {
             if (type == null || type.isEmpty()) {
        	     throw new IllegalArgumentException("type should not be empty.");
             }
             return strategies.get(type);
    	}
        
        public void algorithm(String type){
            Strategy strategy = this.getStrategy(type);
            strategy.algorithm();
        }
    }
    

    UML

    策略模式的创建和使用--Spring和自定义注解

    在介绍策略模式时,在上下文中使用了map存储好的策略实例,在根据type获取具体的策略,调用策略算法。
    当需要添加一种策略时,需要修改context代码,这违反了开闭原则:对修改关闭,对扩展开放。

    要实现对扩展开放,就要对type和具体的策略实现类在代码中进行关联,可以使用自定义注解的方式,在注解中指定策略的type。
    策略上下文实现类实现 BeanPostProcessor 接口,在该接口中编写策略类型与bean的关系并维护到策略上下文中。

    package com.masterlink.strategy;
    
    import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
    import org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils;
    import org.springframework.beans.BeansException;
    import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanPostProcessor;
    import org.springframework.core.Ordered;
    import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils;
    import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
    
    import java.util.Collections;
    import java.util.Set;
    import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
    
    @Slf4j
    @Component
    public class StrategyDemoBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor, Ordered {
    
        private final Set<Class<?>> nonAnnotatedClasses = Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64));
    
        private final StrategyContext strategyContext;
    
        private StrategyDemoBeanPostProcessor(StrategyContext context) {
            this.strategyContext = context;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int getOrder() {
            return LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(final Object bean, final String beanName) throws BeansException {
    
            if (!this.nonAnnotatedClasses.contains(bean.getClass())) {
                // 获取使用 @StrategyDemo 注解的Class信息
                Class<?> targetClass = AopUtils.getTargetClass(bean);
                Class<Strategy> orderStrategyClass = (Class<Strategy>) targetClass;
                StrategyDemo ann = findAnnotation(targetClass);
                if (ann != null) {
                    processListener(ann, orderStrategyClass);
                }
            }
            return bean;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
            return bean;
        }
    
        protected void processListener(StrategyDemo annotation,
                                       Class<Strategy> classes) {
            // 注册策略
            this.strategyContext
                    .registerStrategy(annotation.type(), classes);
        }
    
        private StrategyDemo findAnnotation(Class<?> clazz) {
    
            StrategyDemo ann = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(clazz, StrategyDemo.class);
            return ann;
        }
    
    }
    
    
    
    @Component
    public class StrategyContext implements ApplicationContextAware {
        private final Map<String, Class<Strategy>> strategyClassMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);
    
        private final Map<String, Strategy> beanMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);
    
        private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
        /**
         * 注册策略
         * @param type
         * @param strategyClass
         */
        public void registerStrategy(String type, Class<Strategy> strategyClass){
            if (strategyClassMap.containsKey(type)){
                throw new RuntimeException("strategy type:"+type+" exist");
            }
            strategyClassMap.put(type, strategyClass);
        }
    
        /**
         * 执行策略
         * @param type
         */
        public void algorithm(String type){
            Strategy strategy = this.getStrategy(type);
            strategy.algorithm();
        }
    
        private Strategy getStrategy(String type) {
            if (type == null || type.isEmpty()) {
                throw new IllegalArgumentException("type should not be empty.");
            }
            Class<Strategy> strategyClass = strategyClassMap.get(type);
            return createOrGetStrategy(type, strategyClass);
        }
    
        private Strategy createOrGetStrategy(String type,Class<Strategy> strategyClass ){
            if (beanMap.containsKey(type)){
                return beanMap.get(type);
            }
            Strategy strategy = this.applicationContext.getBean(strategyClass);
            beanMap.put(type, strategy);
            return strategy;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
            this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        }
    }
    

    实用案例

    在我们的平台中,有一部分是使用的netty框架编写的tcp服务,在服务端,需要将二进制转换为对象,在协议设计阶段,定义第一个字节表示对象类型,比如int,String等,第二三个字节,表示数据长度,后面的字节位传输内容。
    比如,
    0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09,解析出来的内容是int类型数字9。
    0x02, 0x00, 0x03, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 解析出的内容是String类型,内容是 123。
    在不使用策略模式的时候,需要将第一个字节解析出来,然会使用if--else判断类型,对后继的字节进行解析。
    在实际的实现过程中,是使用了策略模式,并且使用注解的方式表示数据类型,实现过程如下。

    定义策略接口和注解

    定义 CodecStrategyType 注解和编码解码器的策略接口 CodecStrategy

    @Target(ElementType.TYPE)
    @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
    @Documented
    public @interface CodecStrategyType {
        /**
         * 编码解码类型
         * @return
         */
        byte type();
    }
    
    public interface CodecStrategy<T> {
        T decoding(byte[] buffer);
    }
    
    /*
    * 通用解码接口
     */
    public interface Codec {
        Object decoding(byte[] bytes);
    }
    
    
    

    策略实现

    实现两种类型的解码器: Integer  和 String

    /**
     * integer解码
     */
    @CodecStrategyType(type = (byte)0x01)
    @Service
    public class IntgerCodecStrategy implements CodecStrategy<Integer> {
        
        @Override
        public Integer decoding(byte[] buffer) {
            int value;
            value = (int) ((buffer[3] & 0xFF)
                    | ((buffer[2] & 0xFF)<<8)
                    | ((buffer[1] & 0xFF)<<16)
                    | ((buffer[0] & 0xFF)<<24));
            return value;
        }
    }
    
    @CodecStrategyType(type = (byte)0x02)
    @Service
    public class StringCodecStrategy implements CodecStrategy<String> {
    
        @Override
        public String decoding(byte[] bufferr) {
            return new String(bufferr);
        }
    }
    

    策略上下文和策略注册

    策略上下文类 CodecStrategyContext 提供了统一解码入口,将 byte[] 转换为 Object 类型,同时提供策略的注解接口 void registerStrategy(Byte type, Class<CodecStrategy<?>> strategyClass) ,注册解码类型对应的策略实现类。
    策略上下文类同时还提供了策略Bean的创建,根据类型从Spring 的 ApplicationContext 获取策略bean,并缓存到map。
    策略Bean处理类 CodecStrategyTypeBeanPostProcessor 中解析 CodecStrategyType 注解中指定的类型。

    
    @Component
    public class CodecStrategyContext implements ApplicationContextAware, Codec {
        private final Map<Byte, Class<CodecStrategy<?>>> strategyClassMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);
    
        private final Map<Byte, CodecStrategy<?>> beanMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64);
    
        private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
    
        /**
         * 注册策略
         * @param type
         * @param strategyClass
         */
        public void registerStrategy(Byte type, Class<CodecStrategy<?>> strategyClass){
            if (strategyClassMap.containsKey(type)){
                throw new RuntimeException("strategy type:"+type+" exist");
            }
            strategyClassMap.put(type, strategyClass);
        }
    
        /**
         * 执行策略
         */
        @Override
        public Object decoding(byte[] bytes){
            Byte type = bytes[0];
            CodecStrategy<?> strategy =this.getStrategy(type);
            byte l1 = bytes[1];
            byte l2= bytes[2];
            short length =  (short) ((l2 & 0xFF)
                    | ((l1 & 0xFF)<<8));
            byte[] contentBytes = new byte[length];
            arraycopy(bytes,3,contentBytes,0, length);
            return strategy.decoding(contentBytes);
        }
    
        private CodecStrategy<?> getStrategy(Byte type) {
            Class<CodecStrategy<?>> strategyClass = strategyClassMap.get(type);
            return createOrGetStrategy(type, strategyClass);
        }
    
        private CodecStrategy<?> createOrGetStrategy(Byte type, Class<CodecStrategy<?>> strategyClass ){
            if (beanMap.containsKey(type)){
                return beanMap.get(type);
            }
            CodecStrategy<?> strategy = this.applicationContext.getBean(strategyClass);
            beanMap.put(type, strategy);
            return strategy;
        }
    
        @Override
        public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
            this.applicationContext = applicationContext;
        }
    }
    
    
    @Component
    public class CodecStrategyTypeBeanPostProcessor implements BeanPostProcessor, Ordered {
    
        private final Set<Class<?>> nonAnnotatedClasses = Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(64));
    
        private final CodecStrategyContext strategyContext;
    
        private CodecStrategyTypeBeanPostProcessor(CodecStrategyContext context) {
            this.strategyContext = context;
        }
    
        @Override
        public int getOrder() {
            return LOWEST_PRECEDENCE;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(final Object bean, final String beanName) throws BeansException {
    
            if (!this.nonAnnotatedClasses.contains(bean.getClass())) {
                // 获取使用 @StrategyDemo 注解的Class信息
                Class<?> targetClass = AopUtils.getTargetClass(bean);
                Class<CodecStrategy<?>> orderStrategyClass = (Class<CodecStrategy<?>>) targetClass;
                CodecStrategyType ann = findAnnotation(targetClass);
                if (ann != null) {
                    processListener(ann, orderStrategyClass);
                }
            }
            return bean;
        }
    
        @Override
        public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
            return bean;
        }
    
        protected void processListener(CodecStrategyType annotation,
                                       Class<CodecStrategy<?>> classes) {
            // 注册策略
            this.strategyContext
                    .registerStrategy(annotation.type(), classes);
        }
    
        private CodecStrategyType findAnnotation(Class<?> clazz) {
    
            CodecStrategyType ann = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotation(clazz, CodecStrategyType.class);
            return ann;
        }
    
    }
    

    使用和测试

    测试Integer和String类型的策略:

    1. 0x01, 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x09,解析出来的内容是int类型数字9。
    2. 0x02, 0x00, 0x03, 0x31, 0x32, 0x33, 解析出的内容是String类型,内容是 123。
    
    @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
    @ContextConfiguration(classes = {CodecStrategyTest.CodecStrategyTestConfig.class})
    public class CodecStrategyTest {
    
        @Resource
        Codec codec;
    
        @Test
        public void testInterDecoding(){
            byte[] buffer = new byte[]{
                    0x01,0x00,  0x04, 0x00, 0x00,0x00, 0x09
            };
            Integer decoding = (Integer)codec.decoding(buffer);
            assertThat(decoding)
                    .isNotNull()
                    .isEqualTo(9);
        }
    
        @Test
        public void testStringDecoding(){
            byte[] buffer = new byte[]{
                    0x02, 0x00, 0x03, 0x31, 0x32,0x33
            };
            String decoding = (String)codec.decoding(buffer);
            assertThat(decoding)
                    .isNotNull()
                    .isEqualTo("123");
        }
    
        @ComponentScan({"com.masterlink.strategy"})
        @Configuration
        public static class CodecStrategyTestConfig {
        }
    }
    
    

    扩展复杂类型

    自定义复杂类型User类,对应协议类型为 0xA0, 第2 、3 字节表示整个对象的字段长度,紧接着是 Integer 类型的age 和 String 类型的name,
    比如 0xA0, 0x00 0x10 0x00, 0x04, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x17, 0x00, 0x08, 0x5A,0x68,0x61,0x6E,0x67,0x53, 0x61,0x6E, 对应的user对象是

    {
      "age": 23,
      "name": "ZhangSan"
    }
    
    @Data
    public class User {
        private Integer age;
        private String name;
    }
    

    实现解码策略类

    已知 User 中的基础类型依赖了 Integer 和 String ,所以在User的解码策略类中,依赖了 IntgerCodecStrategy 和 StringCodecStrategy

    
    @CodecStrategyType(type = (byte) (0xA0))
    @Service
    public class UserCodeStrategy implements CodecStrategy<User> {
        private final StringCodecStrategy stringCodecStrategy;
        private final IntgerCodecStrategy intgerCodecStrategy;
    
        public UserCodeStrategy(StringCodecStrategy stringCodecStrategy, IntgerCodecStrategy intgerCodecStrategy) {
            this.stringCodecStrategy = stringCodecStrategy;
            this.intgerCodecStrategy = intgerCodecStrategy;
        }
    
        @Override
        public User decoding(byte[] buffer) {
            byte ageL1 = buffer[0];
            byte ageL2 = buffer[1];
            short ageLength =  (short) ((ageL2 & 0xFF)
                    | ((ageL1 & 0xFF)<<8));
            byte[] ageBytes = new byte[ageLength];
            System.arraycopy(buffer,2, ageBytes,0,ageLength);
    
            byte nameL1 = buffer[0+ageLength];
            byte nameL2 = buffer[1+ageLength];
    
            short nameLength =  (short) ((nameL2 & 0xFF)
                    | ((nameL1 & 0xFF)<<8));
    
            byte[] nameBytes = new byte[nameLength];
            System.arraycopy(buffer,2+ageLength+2, nameBytes,0,nameLength);
    
            User user = new User();
            user.setAge(intgerCodecStrategy.decoding(ageBytes));
            user.setName(stringCodecStrategy.decoding(nameBytes));
            return user;
        }
    }
    

    测试

    通过测试可以发现很轻松的就扩展了一个复杂类型的解码算法,这样随着协议的增加,可以做到对修改代码关闭,对扩展代码开放,符合开闭原则。

    
        @Test
        public void testUserDecoding(){
            byte[] buffer = new byte[]{
                    (byte)0xA0, (byte)0x00 ,(byte)0x10 ,(byte)0x00, (byte)0x04,
                    (byte)0x00, (byte)0x00, (byte)0x00, (byte)0x17, (byte)0x00,
                    (byte)0x08, (byte)0x5A, (byte)0x68, (byte)0x61, (byte)0x6E,
                    (byte)0x67, (byte)0x53, (byte)0x61, (byte)0x6E
            };
            User user = (User)codec.decoding(buffer);
            assertThat(user)
                    .isNotNull();
            assertThat(user.getAge()).isEqualTo(23);
            assertThat(user.getName()).isEqualTo("ZhangSan");
        }
    
    

    总结

    1. 使用策略模式,可以避免冗长的if-else 或 switch分支判断
    2. 掌握自定义注解的是使用方式
    3. 与使用 @Service("name") 注解相比,自定义注解方式支撑和扩展的类型或更灵活

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhaord/p/14800081.html
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