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  • [Elixir005] 查看指定数据的详细信息 i helper

    elixir在1.2后增加了一个新的特性i helper. 在iex shell中使用i可以查看任意数据的数据类型和详细描述
    #查看变量描述
    iex(1)> i {:test, "That sounds great"}
    Term
      {:test, "That sounds great"}
    Data type
      Tuple
    Reference modules
      Tuple
    #查看Module描述(有点类似于Erlang的lists:module_info)
    iex(2)> i List
    Term
      List
    Data type
      Atom
    Module bytecode
      usr/local/Cellar/elixir/1.2.0/bin/../lib/elixir/ebin/Elixir.List.beam
    Source
      private/tmp/elixir20160101-48495-1fg1arr/elixir-1.2.0/lib/elixir/lib/list.ex
    Version
      [322093417650371381585336045669056703278]
    Compile time
      2016-1-1 11:57:45
    Compile options
      [:debug_info]
    Description
      Use h(List) to access its documentation.
      Call List.module_info() to access metadata.
    Raw representation
      :"Elixir.List"
    Reference modules
      Module, Atom
    来看看这么神奇的功能是怎么实现的吧~
     
      @doc """
      Prints information about the given data type.
      """
      def i(term) do
        info = ["Term": inspect(term)] ++ IEx.Info.info(term)
    
        for {subject, info} <- info do
          info = info |> to_string() |> String.strip() |> String.replace("
    ", "
      ")
          IO.puts IEx.color(:eval_result, to_string(subject))
          IO.puts IEx.color(:eval_info, "  #{info}")
        end
    
        dont_display_result
      end
    可以看出它只是把IEx.info.info的结果打出来,我们再看看它发生了什么?
    defprotocol IEx.Info do
      @fallback_to_any true
    
      @spec info(term) :: [{atom, String.t}]
      def info(term)
    end
    
    defimpl IEx.Info, for: Tuple do
      def info(_tuple) do
        ["Data type": "Tuple",
         "Reference modules": "Tuple"]
      end
    end

    它是一个protocol,在这个文件中把elixir的基本类型都实现了一次,它会返回一个keyword list, 所以我们才能看到,那么如果我们试试自己定义?

    iex(3)> defmodule User do
    …(3)> defstruct name: "John", age: 25
    …(3)> @type t :: %User{name: String.t, age: non_neg_integer}
    …(3)> end

    因为在info.ex中已处理struct的类型, 如果我们现在直接i的结果它是

    iex(4)> i %User{}
    Term
      %User{age: 25, name: "John"}
    Data type
      User
    Description
      This is a struct. Structs are maps with a __struct__ key.
    Reference modules
      User, Map

    接下来, 我们来自定义看看

    iex(5)> defimpl IEx.Info, for: User do
    …(5)> def info(item) do
    …(5)>   ["Data type":  User, "Description": "The customer is god, pleasure they", "Reference": "blablabla..."]
    …(5)> end
    …(5)> end
    iex(6)> i %User{}
    Term
      %User{age: 25, name: "John"}
    Data type
      Elixir.User
    Description
      The customer is god, pleasure they
    Reference
      blablabla...

     成功!

    官方文档: http://elixir-lang.org/docs/stable/iex/IEx.Helpers.html#i/1

    彩蛋:

    有没有看到我们输入i得到的结果,只是把格式用有颜色的格式打印出来,但是确没有看到返回值被打印出来。。。

    它的结果无论如何都打印不出来滴。因为它调用了

    IEx.dont_display_result

    在 evaluator.ex 里面:

     unless result == IEx.dont_display_result, do: io_inspect(result)

    if my fingers were erlang processes

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhongwencool/p/elixir_i_helper.html
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