You are given an integer array nums and you have to return a new counts array. Thecounts array has the property where counts[i] is the number of smaller elements to the right of nums[i].
Example:
Given nums = [5, 2, 6, 1]
To the right of 5 there are 2 smaller elements (2 and 1).
To the right of 2 there is only 1 smaller element (1).
To the right of 6 there is 1 smaller element (1).
To the right of 1 there is 0 smaller element.
Return the array [2, 1, 1, 0].
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因为需要求某元素右边小于该元素的数组元素的个数,所以从数组末尾开始向前进行处理。数据结构使用树,节点有属性value,smaller,分别表示对应元素的值以及数组中小于该元素值的个数。函数insert既向树种插入新的节点,又能够求得数组右边小于value的元素的个数。因为数组末尾的元素的smaller值首先返回,所以要用到双向队列deque,将每次求得的值插入链表的头部。最终返回整个队列的值即可。
在插入操作中,请注意函数的参数root是指针的引用,因为对该指针的修改必须得到保留。如果root为空(代表数组末尾的那个元素),初始化根节点,返回0.如果根节点的值大于value,需要把这个元素对应的几点向左插入树中,同时,小于根节点的值的元素个数加1.剩余的情况下,节点需要向右插入树中,返回的值应该是比root节点小的元素个数加上树的右半部分比该元素小的元素个数,同时还要区分一下要插入的值是大于还是等于root节点的值。
很精妙的解法,真是只可意会,不可言传啊。
class Solution { private: class Node{ public: int value; int smaller; Node *left; Node *right; Node(int value,int smaller) { this ->value = value; this ->smaller =smaller; left=right=NULL;//在leetcode中,必须要加上这句,否则超时 } }; int insert(Node * & root,int value){ if(root ==NULL){ root =new Node(value,0); return 0; } if(root->value > value){ root->smaller++; return insert(root->left,value); } return root->smaller+insert(root->right,value)+(root->value <value? 1:0); } public: vector<int> countSmaller(vector<int>& nums) { Node * root=NULL; deque <int >q; for(int i=nums.size()-1;i>-1;i-- ){ int value =insert(root,nums[i]); cout<<"this is a test! "<<value<<endl; q.push_front(value); } return vector<int>(q.begin(),q.end()); } };