ORACLE 12C R2 RAC 安装配置指南

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ORACLE 12C R2 RAC 安装配置指南

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ASM磁盘空间最低要求

求12C R2相比前一版本，OCR的磁盘占用需求有了明显增长。
为了方便操作，设置如下：
External: 1个卷x40G
Normal: 3个卷x30G
Hight: 5个卷x25G
Flex: 3个卷x30G
OCR+VOLTING+MGMT存储通常放到一个磁盘组，且选择Normal的冗余方式，也即最少3块asm磁盘80G空间。

操作系统安装

操作系统安装时把“Server with GUI“和”Compatibility Libraries”勾上，其他都不用选择。
版本采用CentOS 7、RHEL 7或者Oracle Linux 7

安装oracle预安装包

wget http://yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo -P /etc/yum.repos.d/
yum install -y oracle-rdbms-server-12cR1-preinstall

创建用户和组

oracle用户和dba、oinstall组已经在上一步创建完毕。
rac所有节点的oracle用户和grid用户的uid和gid必须一致，所以创建的时候最好制定uid和gid。

groupadd --gid 54323 asmdba
groupadd --gid 54324 asmoper
groupadd --gid 54325 asmadmin
groupadd --gid 54326 oper
groupadd --gid 54327 backupdba
groupadd --gid 54328 dgdba
groupadd --gid 54329 kmdba
usermod --uid 54321 --gid oinstall --groups dba,oper,asmdba,asmoper,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba oracle
useradd --uid 54322 --gid oinstall --groups dba,asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid

安装目录

mkdir -p /u01/app/12.2.0/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/grid
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R grid:oinstall /u01
chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oracle
chmod -R 775 /u01/

环境变量

grid环境变量

cat <<EOF >>/home/grid/.bash_profile
ORACLE_SID=+ASM1
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/12.2.0/grid
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export ORACLE_SID CLASSPATH ORACLE_HOME LD_LIBRARY_PATH PATH

EOF

在节点2，ORACLE_SID=+ASM2

oracle环境变量

cat <<EOF >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
ORACLE_SID=starboss1
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac01
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib

export ORACLE_SID ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_HOSTNAME PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH
EOF

在节点2，ORACLE_SID=starboss2，ORACLE_HOSTNAME=rac02

修改logind.conf

# vi /etc/systemd/logind.conf
RemoveIPC=no
# systemctl daemon-reload
# systemctl restart systemcd-logind

加载pam_limits.so模块

echo "session required pam_limits.so" >> /etc/pam.d/login

禁用selinux

setenforce 0
vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux

禁用防火墙

# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

修改ulimit

cat <<EOF >> /etc/security/limits.d/99-grid-oracle-limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 16384
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 32768
grid soft nproc 16384
grid hard nproc 16384
grid soft nofile 1024
grid hard nofile 65536
grid soft stack 10240
grid hard stack 32768
EOF

创建自定义的ulimit

cat <<EOF >> /etc/profile.d/oracle-grid.sh
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
if [ $USER = "grid" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -u 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
EOF

修改共享内存分区大小

将如下参数添加到/etc/fstab，具体大小数值根据实际情况调整，因为这个数值和物理内存以及MEMORY_TARGET有关。
echo “shm /dev/shm tmpfs size=12g 0 0” >> /etc/fstab
修改后，只需重新对shm进行挂载即可：
mount -o remount /dev/shm

多路径

# yum install device-mapper-multipath
# cp /usr/share/doc/device-mapper-multipath-0.4.9/multipath.conf /etc/

获取scsi id
# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id --whitelisted --replace-whitespace –-device=/dev/sda
# vi /etc/multipath.conf
multipaths {
multipath {
wwid 36000d310012522000000000000000006
alias vol01
}
multipath {
wwid 36000d310012522000000000000000005
alias vol02
}
}
# systemctl start multipathd.service
# multipath -ll

配置ASM磁盘

ASMlib方式

安装ASMLib
Oracle Linux 7
yum install -y kmod-oracleasm
CentOS 7
yum install -y http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/kmod-oracleasm-2.0.8-17.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm

yum install -y http://download.oracle.com/otn_software/asmlib/oracleasmlib-2.0.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
yum install -y http://public-yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/x86_64/getPackage/oracleasm-support-2.1.8-3.1.el7.x86_64.rpm

其他版本下载：
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/linux/asmlib/index-101839.html
ASM磁盘配置
12C R2中对磁盘组空间要求比12C R1更大。

[root@rac01 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm configure -i
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.

This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting <ENTER> without typing an
answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.

Default user to own the driver interface []: grid
Default group to own the driver interface []: asmadmin
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ]
[root@rac01 ~]# reboot

用fdisk在共享磁盘上创建主分区：
[root@rac01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdd
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x86f899a0.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-39976959, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-39976959, default 39976959):
Using default value 39976959
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 19.1 GiB is set

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

在集群的任意节点创建asm磁盘：
[root@rac01 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk OCR01 /dev/sdd1
Marking disk "OCR01" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@rac01 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk OCR02 /dev/sde1
Marking disk "OCR02" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@rac01 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk OCR03 /dev/sdf1
Marking disk "OCR03" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@rac01 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DATA01 /dev/sdb1
Marking disk "DATA01" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
[root@rac01 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DATA02 /dev/sdc1
Marking disk "DATA02" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
分别两个节点执行：
[root@rac01 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm scandisks
[root@rac01 ~]# /etc/init.d/oracleasm listdisks

注：
如果需要清空磁盘，重新部署asm，需要使用dd命令，如：
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdb1 bs=8192 count=128000

UDEV方式

centos6和centos7有所不同，具体如下：

确认在所有RAC节点上已经安装了必要的UDEV包
[root@rh2 ~]# rpm -qa|grep udev
udev-095-14.21.el5

CentOS 6/Oracle Linux 6/RHEL 6

1.通过scsi_id获取设备的块设备的唯一标识名，假设系统上已有LUN sdc-sdp
for i in c d e f g h i j k l m n o p ;
do
echo "sd$i" "`scsi_id -g -u -s /block/sd$i` ";
done

sdc 1IET_00010001
sdd 1IET_00010002
sde 1IET_00010003
sdf 1IET_00010004

以上列出于块设备名对应的唯一标识名

2.创建必要的UDEV配置文件，
首先切换到配置文件目录
[root@rh2 ~]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d
定义必要的规则配置文件
[root@rh2 rules.d]# touch 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
[root@rh2 rules.d]# cat 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010001", NAME="ocr1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010002", NAME="ocr2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010003", NAME="asm-disk1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd*", BUS=="scsi", PROGRAM=="/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p", RESULT=="1IET_00010004", NAME="asm-disk2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

Result 为/sbin/scsi_id -g -u -s %p的输出，按顺序填入刚才获取的唯一标识名即可
OWNER一般为grid，GROUP为asmadmin，MODE即为磁盘读写权限，采用0660即可
NAME为UDEV映射后的设备名，
建议为OCR和VOTE DISK创建独立的DISKGROUP，为了容易区分将该DISKGROUP专用的设备命名为ocr1..ocrn的形式
其余磁盘可以根据其实际用途或磁盘组名来命名

3.将该规则文件拷贝到其他节点上
[root@rh2 rules.d]# scp 99-oracle-asmdevices.rules Other_node:/etc/udev/rules.d

4.在所有节点上启动udev服务，或者重启服务器即可

[root@rh2 rules.d]# /sbin/udevcontrol reload_rules
[root@rh2 rules.d]# /sbin/start_udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]

5.检查设备是否到位

[root@rh2 rules.d]# cd /dev
[root@rh2 dev]# ls -l ocr*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 32 Jul 10 17:31 ocr1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 48 Jul 10 17:31 ocr2
[root@rh2 dev]# ls -l asm-disk*
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 64 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk1
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 80 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk2
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 96 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk3
brw-rw---- 1 grid asmadmin 8, 112 Jul 10 17:31 asm-disk4

CentOS 7/Oracle Linux 7/RHEL 7

获取块设备id
# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sdb1
14f504e46494c45526a75744363422d796357662d4b436a65
# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sdc1
14f504e46494c455254535a7a414d2d62494b6f2d5a6f6a42
# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sdd1
14f504e46494c45526566324e626c2d4770654c2d6b443064
# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sde1
14f504e46494c455266326e7547552d384953442d6135576a
# /usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/sdf1
14f504e46494c4552774263526f742d534a75392d36374f69

创建参数文件
touch /etc/scsi_id.config
options=-g

# cat /etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="14f504e46494c45526a75744363422d796357662d4b436a65", SYMLINK+="asm-disk1", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="14f504e46494c455254535a7a414d2d62494b6f2d5a6f6a42", SYMLINK+="asm-disk2", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="14f504e46494c45526566324e626c2d4770654c2d6b443064", SYMLINK+="asm-disk3", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="14f504e46494c455266326e7547552d384953442d6135576a", SYMLINK+="asm-disk4", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"
KERNEL=="sd?1", SUBSYSTEM=="block", PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id -g -u -d /dev/$parent", RESULT=="14f504e46494c4552774263526f742d534a75392d36374f69", SYMLINK+="asm-disk5", OWNER="grid", GROUP="asmadmin", MODE="0660"

加载并刷新块设备分区表
# /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdb1
# /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdc1
# /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdd1
# /sbin/partprobe /dev/sde1
# /sbin/partprobe /dev/sdf1

udev测试
# /sbin/udevadm test /block/sdb/sdb1
# /sbin/udevadm test /block/sdc/sdc1
# /sbin/udevadm test /block/sdd/sdd1
# /sbin/udevadm test /block/sde/sde1
# /sbin/udevadm test /block/sdf/sdf1

启动服务
# /sbin/udevadm control --reload-rules

检查连接生成
[root@udev ~]# ls -l /dev/asm-disk*
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Aug 22 13:19 /dev/asm-disk1 -> sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Aug 22 13:19 /dev/asm-disk2 -> sdc1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Aug 22 13:19 /dev/asm-disk3 -> sdd1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Aug 22 13:19 /dev/asm-disk4 -> sde1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 4 Aug 22 13:19 /dev/asm-disk5 -> sdf1

禁用ntp

/sbin/service ntpd stop

chkconfig ntpd off

mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org
rm /var/run/ntpd.pid

停止avahi-daemon服务

systemctl stop avahi-dnsconfd
systemctl stop avahi-daemon
systemctl disable avahi-dnsconfd
systemctl disable avahi-daemon

IP配置

如果不安装DNS服务，通过hosts文件来解析，则只能配置一个SCAN IP，只能连接rac某一个节点，无法实现负载均衡。DNS的配置参加后面的介绍。

#public，接业务交换机，bond
192.168.245.134 rac01
192.168.245.140 rac02

#private，直连心跳，bond
10.0.1.1 rac01-priv
10.0.1.2 rac02-priv

#virtual
192.168.245.136 rac01-vip
192.168.245.142 rac02-vip

#scan-ip，oracle rac service
192.168.245.135 rac-cluster-scan

安装cvuqdisk软件包

安装包在数据库安装软件压缩包的rpm文件夹下。

rpm -ivh cvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpm

安装GI

从Oracle Grid Infrastructure 12c Release 2 (12.2)开始，GI 安装方式变成了image-based方式，Oracle 提供的Grid 安装文件是直接已经安装好的ORACLE_HOME,
因此我们需要把GRID 的安装文件直接解压到预先创建好的GIRD ORACLE_HOME 中，然后运行gridSetup.sh 启动图形界面，开始配置GRID。
# su - grid
$cd /u01/12.2.0/grid
$unzip /oracle_soft/grid_12201.zip
$ ./gridSetup.sh
选择“Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a New Cluster”,点击Next

如果我们没有在环境中配置DNS和GNS服务，检查就会报DNS和resolve.conf的错误，因为我们采用的是hosts文件解析，略过即可。

在一台机器上复制安装文件，并开始GI的安装，系统会复制文件到其它节点机型同步安装。

安装的最后用root用户执行脚本，必须先在本地节点挨个启动执行，成功之后，才能再在其他节点并行。
[root@rac01 ~]# sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
Changing permissions of /u01/app/oraInventory.
Adding read,write permissions for group.
Removing read,write,execute permissions for world.

Changing groupname of /u01/app/oraInventory to oinstall.
The execution of the script is complete.
[root@rac01 ~]# sh /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation.

The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /u01/app/12.2.0/grid

Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...

Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Relinking oracle with rac_on option
Using configuration parameter file: /u01/app/12.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
The log of current session can be found at:
/u01/app/grid/crsdata/rac01/crsconfig/rootcrs_rac01_2017-08-16_02-48-07PM.log
2017/08/16 14:48:16 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 1 of 19: 'SetupTFA'.
2017/08/16 14:48:16 CLSRSC-4001: Installing Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) Collector.
2017/08/16 14:48:59 CLSRSC-4002: Successfully installed Oracle Trace File Analyzer (TFA) Collector.
2017/08/16 14:48:59 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 2 of 19: 'ValidateEnv'.
2017/08/16 14:49:04 CLSRSC-363: User ignored prerequisites during installation
2017/08/16 14:49:04 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 3 of 19: 'CheckFirstNode'.
2017/08/16 14:49:05 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 4 of 19: 'GenSiteGUIDs'.
2017/08/16 14:49:06 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 5 of 19: 'SaveParamFile'.
2017/08/16 14:49:12 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 6 of 19: 'SetupOSD'.
2017/08/16 14:49:13 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 7 of 19: 'CheckCRSConfig'.
2017/08/16 14:49:13 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 8 of 19: 'SetupLocalGPNP'.
2017/08/16 14:49:44 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 9 of 19: 'ConfigOLR'.
2017/08/16 14:49:51 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 10 of 19: 'ConfigCHMOS'.
2017/08/16 14:49:52 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 11 of 19: 'CreateOHASD'.
2017/08/16 14:49:57 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 12 of 19: 'ConfigOHASD'.
2017/08/16 14:50:12 CLSRSC-330: Adding Clusterware entries to file 'oracle-ohasd.service'
2017/08/16 14:50:35 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 13 of 19: 'InstallAFD'.
2017/08/16 14:50:40 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 14 of 19: 'InstallACFS'.
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac01'
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac01' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
2017/08/16 14:51:20 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 15 of 19: 'InstallKA'.
2017/08/16 14:51:25 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 16 of 19: 'InitConfig'.
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac01'
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac01' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.evmd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.evmd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac01'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac01' succeeded

Disk groups created successfully. Check /u01/app/grid/cfgtoollogs/asmca/asmca-170816PM025203.log for details.

2017/08/16 14:52:52 CLSRSC-482: Running command: '/u01/app/12.2.0/grid/bin/ocrconfig -upgrade grid oinstall'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crf' on 'rac01'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.storage' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.storage' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crf' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crsd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crsd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
Successful addition of voting disk 252d21a926494fd5bfdcbc163b9fd646.
Successful addition of voting disk 6f00d3b3ba454f14bfc15f10a6466e3e.
Successful addition of voting disk 5aed4ef45df94ff1bf4934d8883d39a3.
Successfully replaced voting disk group with +DATA.
CRS-4256: Updating the profile
CRS-4266: Voting file(s) successfully replaced
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 252d21a926494fd5bfdcbc163b9fd646 (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR03) [DATA]
2. ONLINE 6f00d3b3ba454f14bfc15f10a6466e3e (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR02) [DATA]
3. ONLINE 5aed4ef45df94ff1bf4934d8883d39a3 (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR01) [DATA]
Located 3 voting disk(s).
CRS-2791: Starting shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac01'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crsd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crsd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.storage' on 'rac01'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.crf' on 'rac01'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac01'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.drivers.acfs' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.crf' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.storage' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.asm' on 'rac01'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.asm' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac01'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.evmd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.evmd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.cssd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2673: Attempting to stop 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2677: Stop of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2793: Shutdown of Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources on 'rac01' has completed
CRS-4133: Oracle High Availability Services has been stopped.
2017/08/16 14:54:18 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 17 of 19: 'StartCluster'.
CRS-4123: Starting Oracle High Availability Services-managed resources
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.evmd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.mdnsd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.evmd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gpnpd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.gipcd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssdmonitor' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cssd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.diskmon' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cssd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac01'
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ctssd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.cluster_interconnect.haip' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.storage' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.storage' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crf' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crf' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.crsd' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.crsd' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-6023: Starting Oracle Cluster Ready Services-managed resources
CRS-6017: Processing resource auto-start for servers: rac01
CRS-6016: Resource auto-start has completed for server rac01
CRS-6024: Completed start of Oracle Cluster Ready Services-managed resources
CRS-4123: Oracle High Availability Services has been started.
2017/08/16 14:57:01 CLSRSC-343: Successfully started Oracle Clusterware stack
2017/08/16 14:57:01 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 18 of 19: 'ConfigNode'.
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.asm' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.asm' on 'rac01' succeeded
CRS-2672: Attempting to start 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'rac01'
CRS-2676: Start of 'ora.DATA.dg' on 'rac01' succeeded
2017/08/16 15:01:35 CLSRSC-594: Executing installation step 19 of 19: 'PostConfig'.
2017/08/16 15:04:36 CLSRSC-325: Configure Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Cluster ... succeeded

asmca配置数据盘

GI安装完成后，我们需要使用asmca来创建存放业务数据库的asm磁盘组，为oracle数据库的安装做准备。
#su - grid
$/u01/app/12.2.0/grid/bin/asmca
在asm配置助手中，选择磁盘组菜单，可以看到已经mount的OCR磁盘组，并且2个节点的ASM实力全部是UP状态。

点击Create按钮，创建业务数据库的ASM磁盘组，取名DATA，然后选择前面创建的磁盘，并点击OK完成创建。

完成后的结果。

安装oracle

grid安装完成后，下一步工作是安装oracle数据库软件和业务数据库实例。
将linuxx64_12201_database.zip上传到rac01的任意目录，解压后，用oracle用户启动runInstaller。
数据库开始安装后，oracle会将软件同步复制到其余节点进行同步安装。

第五步，默认是“Policy managed”，如无特殊需求，可以选择”Admin managed“
第六步，先填写oracle密码，然后点击setup，程序会自动设置各个节点的oracle用户免密登陆。

内存较大的情况下，一般不要勾选自动内存管理，只调整oracle可用内存即可。

由于没有安装DNS并使用GNS服务，resove.conf错误可以直接忽略。

安装完后的集群状态

[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl status res -t
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Name Target State Server State details
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Local Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.ASMNET1LSNR_ASM.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac02 STABLE
ora.DATA.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac02 STABLE
ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac02 STABLE
ora.OCR.dg
ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac02 STABLE
ora.chad
ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac02 STABLE
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac02 STABLE
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ONLINE ONLINE rac02 STABLE
ora.proxy_advm
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac01 STABLE
OFFLINE OFFLINE rac02 STABLE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cluster Resources
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
ora.LISTENER_SCAN1.lsnr
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ora.MGMTLSNR
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac01 169.254.107.91 10.0. 0.1,STABLE
ora.asm
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac01 Started,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac02 Started,STABLE
3 OFFLINE OFFLINE STABLE
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ora.mgmtdb
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac01 Open,STABLE
ora.qosmserver
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ora.rac01.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ora.rac02.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac02 STABLE
ora.scan1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac01 STABLE
ora.starboss.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE rac02 Open,HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1,STABLE
2 ONLINE ONLINE rac01 Open,HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1,STABLE

---------------以下为附录-----------------

RAC数据库集群启动、停止

RAC数据库目前是全自动的，当操作系统启动时，ASM设备会自动挂载，数据库也会随之自动启动。
如果需要手动启动或者停止数据库，请参照如下说明。

启动、停止oracle数据库实例

监听：
[root@RAC01 ~]$ srvctl start listener --启动监听
[root@RAC01 ~]$ srvctl stop listener --停止监听

数据库
[root@RAC01 ~]$ srvctl start database -d starboss --启动数据库
[root@RAC01 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d starboss --停止数据库
或者
[root@RAC01 ~]$ srvctl stop database -d starboss -o immediate --停止数据库
[root@RAC01 ~]$ srvctl start database -d starboss -o open/mount/'read only' --启动到打开、挂载、只读模式

启停Oracle RAC集群

这个操作会停止数据库，并停止rac其他所有的集群服务（如asm实例、vip、监听以及rac高可用环境）：
[root@rac01 ~]$ crsctl start cluster -all --启动
[root@rac01 ~]$ crsctl stop cluster -all --停止

增加swap分区大小

[root@rac02 grid]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 11757 136 5078 8 6542 11539
Swap: 6015 0 6015
[root@rac02 grid]# mkdir /swap
[root@rac02 grid]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swap/swap bs=1024 count=6291456 #一个block是1k，6291456就是6G
6291456+0 records in
6291456+0 records out
6442450944 bytes (6.4 GB) copied, 8.93982 s, 721 MB/s
[root@rac02 grid]# /sbin/mkswap /swap/swap
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 6291452 KiB
no label, UUID=35c98431-eb56-4ad7-99cd-d3414cce75ca
[root@rac02 grid]# /sbin/swapon /swap/swap
swapon: /swap/swap: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
[root@rac02 grid]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 11757 141 5074 8 6542 11534
Swap: 12159 0 12159

检查决策盘

[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl query css votedisk
## STATE File Universal Id File Name Disk group
-- ----- ----------------- --------- ---------
1. ONLINE 95b79a3ef6274fdebfe1d1323f0cc829 (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR03) [OCR]
2. ONLINE 404499d583f04f15bf24c89a4269bbe9 (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR02) [OCR]
3. ONLINE 6e010b265aee4f15bfd1d4260ab5ac9c (/dev/oracleasm/disks/OCR01) [OCR]
Located 5 voting disk(s).

RAC服务检查

grid用户任意节点执行如下命令
[grid@rac01 ~]$ crsctl check cluster -all
**************************************************************
rac01:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
**************************************************************
rac02:
CRS-4537: Cluster Ready Services is online
CRS-4529: Cluster Synchronization Services is online
CRS-4533: Event Manager is online
**************************************************************

手动切换SCAN到其他节点

/u01/app/12.2.0/grid/bin/srvctl relocate scan_listener -i 1 -n rac02
执行完成后，scan_listener和scan_vip都会切换到指定节点

设置EM访问

SQL> exec DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.SETHTTPSPORT(5501)
SQL> exec DBMS_XDB_CONFIG.SETHTTPPORT(5500)

DNS配置

使用dns来解析scanip而不是hosts文件的好处是，hosts文件只能配置一个scanip，这意味着外部程序只能连接rac集群的一个节点，而使用dns则可以配置多个scanip，且scanip可以被解析到任意节点，从而达到负载均衡。

配置DNS服务端

[root@rac-dns ~]# cat /etc/named.conf
……

options {
listen-on port 53 { 192.168.32.119; }; 　　 //dns服务器地址
// listen-on-v6 port 53 { ::1; }; 　　 //ipv6，注释掉
directory "/var/named";
dump-file "/var/named/data/cache_dump.db";
statistics-file "/var/named/data/named_stats.txt";
memstatistics-file "/var/named/data/named_mem_stats.txt";
allow-query { any; };

…….

添加正向和反向配置文件信息

[root@rac-dns ~]# cat /etc/named.rfc1912.zones
… …

zone "32.168.192.in-addr.arpa" IN { 　　//反向解析的名称必须是这个格式，且ip反写
type master;
file "32.168.192.in-addr.arpa"; 　　//文件名任意
allow-update { none; };
};

zone "oracle.local" IN {
type master;
file "oracle.local.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};

正向解析

[root@rac-dns ~]# cat /var/named/oracle.local.zone
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.oracle.local. root.oracle.local.(
42 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
@ IN NS dns.oracle.local.
dns IN A 192.168.32.119
rac01 IN A 192.168.32.110
rac02 IN A 192.168.32.113
rac-cluster-scan IN A 192.168.32.120
rac-cluster-scan IN A 192.168.32.121
rac-cluster-scan IN A 192.168.32.122
rac01-vip IN A 192.168.32.115
rac02-vip IN A 192.168.32.116

* 本机的dns解析也需要写进去

反向解析

[root@rac-dns ~]# cat /var/named/32.168.192.in-addr.arpa
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA dns.oracle.local. root.oracle.local. (
1997022700 ; Serial
28800 ; Refresh
14400 ; Retry
3600000 ; Expire
86400 ) ; Minimum
@ IN NS dns.oracle.local.
110 IN PTR rac01.oracle.local.
113 IN PTR rac02.oracle.local.
120 IN PTR rac-cluster-scan.oracle.local.
121 IN PTR rac-cluster-scan.oracle.local.
122 IN PTR rac-cluster-scan.oracle.local.
115 IN PTR rac01-vip.oracle.local.
116 IN PTR rac02-vip.oracle.local.

注：
1. 第一列为ip，第四列为对应的域名
2. 反向解析文件名前面的ip必须是倒着写的，否则客户机会提示解析不到。

启动dns服务

# systemctl start named
[root@rac-dns ~]# systemctl status named
‚óè named.service - Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS)
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/named.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since Fri 2017-08-25 15:05:32 CST; 1s ago
Process: 13679 ExecStop=/bin/sh -c /usr/sbin/rndc stop > /dev/null 2>&1 || /bin/kill -TERM $MAINPID (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 13691 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/named -u named $OPTIONS (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Process: 13688 ExecStartPre=/bin/bash -c if [ ! "$DISABLE_ZONE_CHECKING" == "yes" ]; then /usr/sbin/named-checkconf -z /etc/named.conf; else echo "Checking of zone files is disabled"; fi (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 13694 (named)
CGroup: /system.slice/named.service
‚îî‚îÄ13694 /usr/sbin/named -u named

Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns named[13694]: zone 0.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns systemd[1]: Started Berkeley Internet Name Domain (DNS).
Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns named[13694]: zone 1.0.0.127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns named[13694]: zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 0
Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns named[13694]: zone 32.168.192.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1997022700
Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns named[13694]: zone localhost.localdomain/IN: loaded serial 0
Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns named[13694]: zone 1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa/IN: loaded serial 0
Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns named[13694]: zone oracle.local/IN: loaded serial 42
Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns named[13694]: all zones loaded
Aug 25 15:05:32 rac-dns named[13694]: running

客户端hosts文件

启用dns解析的话，客户机HOST配置大致如下
cat /etc/hosts
#public
192.168.32.110 rac01.oracle.local rac01
192.168.32.113 rac02.oracle.local rac02

#private
10.0.0.1 rac01-priv
10.0.0.2 rac02-priv

#virtual
192.168.32.115 rac01-vip.oracle.local rac01-vip
192.168.32.116 rac02-vip.oracle.local rac02-vip

DNS测试

客户机添加dns服务器配置，只需将搜索域和dns服务器地址添加到resolve.conf即可：
# echo "search oracle.local" >> /etc/resolv.conf
# echo "nameserver 192.168.32.119" >> /etc/resolv.conf

正向测试
[root@rac02 ~]# nslookup rac01.oracle.local
Server: 192.168.32.119
Address: 192.168.32.119#53

Name: rac01.oracle.local
Address: 192.168.32.110

反向测试
[root@rac02 ~]# nslookup 192.168.32.110
Server: 192.168.32.119
Address: 192.168.32.119#53

110.32.168.192.in-addr.arpa name = rac01.oracle.local.

GNS配置

配置GNS，可以让系统自动分配VIP，这里只需要在DNS服务器上安装DHCP服务即可。这个我觉得对于实际的RAC集群带来的收益并不大，只能说是锦上添花吧，而且部署GNS还得增加服务器消耗。

检查软件包

# rpm --query dhcp

dhcp-3.0.5-18.el5

配置DHCP服务

# vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

ddns-update-style interim;

ignore client-updates;

subnet 192.168.32.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

　　option routers 192.168.32.1; 　　　　　　　　　　　# 客户端默认网关

　　option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; 　　　　　　　# 客户端子网掩码.

　　option broadcast-address 192.168.32.255; 　　　　# 广播地址.

　　option domain-name "oracle.local";　　　　　　　#DNS搜索域

　　option domain-name-servers 192.168.32.119;　　　# DNS服务器地址

　　range 192.168.32.2 192.168.32.254; 　　　　　　　# DHCP分配的地址范围

　　default-lease-time 21600; 　　　　　　　　　　　# DHCP地址默认租期

　　max-lease-time 43200; 　　　　　　　　　　　　# DHCP地址最大租期

}

启动DHCP服务并设置自启动

[root@rac-dns ~]# systemctl enable dhcpd.service && systemctl start dhcpd.service

在GI中配置GNS

在安装GI的第三步“Grid Plug and Play”中

勾选“Configure GNS”“Configure nodes Virtual IPs as assigned by the Dynamic Networks” “Create a new GNS”

GNS VIP Adress：GNS服务器IP地址

GNS Sub Domain：DNS搜索域并在节点的/etc/hosts文件中注释掉关于vip的配置

查看全文

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zhuhaiqing/p/7444055.html

ORACLE 12C R2 RAC 安装配置指南

ASM磁盘空间最低要求

操作系统安装

安装oracle预安装包

创建用户和组

安装目录

环境变量

grid环境变量

oracle环境变量

修改logind.conf

加载pam_limits.so模块

禁用selinux

禁用防火墙

修改ulimit

创建自定义的ulimit

修改共享内存分区大小

多路径

配置ASM磁盘

ASMlib方式

UDEV方式

CentOS 6/Oracle Linux 6/RHEL 6

CentOS 7/Oracle Linux 7/RHEL 7

禁用ntp

停止avahi-daemon服务

IP配置

安装cvuqdisk软件包

安装GI

asmca配置数据盘

安装oracle

安装完后的集群状态

---------------以下为附录-----------------

RAC数据库集群启动、停止

启动、停止oracle数据库实例

启停Oracle RAC集群

增加swap分区大小

检查决策盘

RAC服务检查

手动切换SCAN到其他节点

设置EM访问

DNS配置

配置DNS服务端

添加正向和反向配置文件信息

正向解析

反向解析

启动dns服务

客户端hosts文件

DNS测试

GNS配置

检查软件包

配置DHCP服务

启动DHCP服务并设置自启动

在GI中配置GNS