服务扫描
不能单纯的以端口辨别服务。很多网络服务是漏洞频发的高危对象，对网络上的特定服务进行扫描，往往能让我们少走弯路，增加渗透成功的几率。确定开放端口后，通常会对相应端口上所运行服务的信息进行更深入的挖掘，通常称为服务查点。
1、Banner捕获（最主要最简单，也是最不准确）
连接服务器的端口，利用其返回的banner信息，但可能是管理员伪造的。【软件开发商软件名称，服务类型，版本号--可直接发现已知的漏洞，但如果不是很熟悉的话，需要长时间查找资料】必须建立完整的TCP连接，才能直接获得banner结合另类服务识别：1、特征行为和响应字段；2不同的响应可用于识别底层系统NC
root@kali:~# nc -nv 192.168.1.107 80 (UNKNOWN) [192.168.1.107] 80 (http) open get #需要在此get一下 <html><head><title>Metasploitable2 - Linux</title></head><body> <pre> _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ __ ___ ___| |_ __ _ ___ _ __ | | ___ (_) |_ __ _| |__ | | ___|___ | '_ ` _ / _ __/ _` / __| '_ | |/ _ | | __/ _` | '_ | |/ _ __) | | | | | | | __/ || (_| \__ |_) | | (_) | | || (_| | |_) | | __// __/ |_| |_| |_|\___|\__\__,_|___/ .__/|_|\___/|_|\__\__,_|_.__/|_|\___|_____| |_| Warning: Never expose this VM to an untrusted network! Contact: msfdev[at]metasploit.com Login with msfadmin/msfadmin to get started #账号已出，可爆破 </pre> <ul> <li><a href="/twiki/">TWiki</a></li> <li><a href="/phpMyAdmin/">phpMyAdmin</a></li> <li><a href="/mutillidae/">Mutillidae</a></li> <li><a href="/dvwa/">DVWA</a></li> <li><a href="/dav/">WebDAV</a></li> </ul> </body> </html>
</pre></div><div><span style="font-size:18px;">Python socket（socket模块用于连接网络服务）</span></div><div><span style="font-size:18px;"></span><pre name="code" class="plain">root@kali:~# python Python 2.7.12+ (default, Sep 1 2016, 20:27:38) [GCC 6.2.0 20160822] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> >>> import socket <strong>#导入库</strong> >>> >>> banner=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) <strong>#标准socket语句写法 #SOCK_STREAM表示为TCP连接</strong> >>> banner.connect(("192.168.1.107",21)) <strong>#连接IP，端口</strong> >>> banner.recv(4096) <strong> #用recv（）接收返回包</strong> '220 (vsFTPd 2.3.4) ' <strong> #banner信息</strong> >>> banner.close() <strong> #手动回收对象</strong> >>> exit() <strong> #退出</strong>很多系统不允许抓取banner信息，recv函数会被挂起，需做特殊处理<pre name="code" class="plain">#!/usr/bin/python import socket import select import sys if len( sys.argv ) !=4: print "Usage - ./banner_grab.py [Target.IP] [First Port] [Last Port]" print "Example - ./banner_grab.py 1.1.1.1 1 100" print "Example will grab banners for TCP ports 1 through 100 on 1.1.1.1" sys.exit() ip = sys.argv[1] start = int(sys.argv[2]) end = int(sys.argv[3]) for port in range(start,end): try: bangrab=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) bangrab.connect((ip,port)) ready=select.select([bangrab],[],[],1) #连接间隔时间1秒 if ready[0]: print "TCP Port " + str(port) + "." +bangrab.recv(4096) bangrab.close() except: pass
后面需再通过其他工具进行验证Dmitryroot@kali:~# dmitry -pb 192.168.1.107 #-pb Deepmagic Information Gathering Tool "There be some deep magic going on" ERROR: Unable to locate Host Name for 192.168.1.107 Continuing with limited modules HostIP:192.168.1.107 HostName: Gathered TCP Port information for 192.168.1.107 --------------------------------- Port State 21/tcp open >> 220 (vsFTPd 2.3.4) 22/tcp open >> SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.7p1 Debian-8ubuntu1 23/tcp open >> ���� ��#��' 25/tcp open >> 220 metasploitable.localdomain ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) 53/tcp open Portscan Finished: Scanned 150 ports, 144 ports were in state closed All scans completed, exiting
Nmaproot@kali:~# nmap -sT 192.168.1.107 -p 22 --script=banner.nse #-p也可指定端口范围 banner.nse 扫描脚本 Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-09-11 22:30 CST Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.107 Host is up (0.00062s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 22/tcp open ssh |_banner: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.7p1 Debian-8ubuntu1 MAC Address: 08:00:27:EB:1D:BC (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC) Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.77 secondsls | grep *** 查询某脚本amap（专门用于发现开放端口后的服务的工具）发现banner： #-b参数，也可指定端口范围，使用grep on可过滤不开放端口返回结果root@kali:~# amap -B 192.168.1.107 25 amap v5.4 (www.thc.org/thc-amap) started at 2016-09-11 22:36:05 - BANNER mode Banner on 192.168.1.107:25/tcp : 220 metasploitable.localdomain ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) amap v5.4 finished at 2016-09-11 22:36:05
2、服务识别
Banner信息抓取能力比较有限，而且不一定准确。发现端口后应用的版本，基于版本，到其官网寻找其漏洞，针对性的找其利用代码，或者利用逆向工程或模糊测试发现其漏洞。Nmap（基于特征库，还有其他脚本可以结合使用）-sV #可信度高root@kali:~# nmap 192.168.1.107 -p1-100 -sV Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-09-11 22:40 CST Nmap scan report for 192.168.1.107 Host is up (0.00017s latency). Not shown: 94 closed ports <strong>PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 21/tcp open ftp vsftpd 2.3.4 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 4.7p1 Debian 8ubuntu1 (protocol 2.0) 23/tcp open telnet Linux telnetd 25/tcp open smtp Postfix smtpd 53/tcp open domain ISC BIND 9.4.2 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.8 ((Ubuntu) DAV/2)</strong> MAC Address: 08:00:27:EB:1D:BC (Oracle VirtualBox virtual NIC) Service Info: Host: metasploitable.localdomain; OSs: Unix, Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel Service detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 8.96 seconds
amap（没nmap详细，但也有其优点）【可作为nmap的验证工具】root@kali:~# amap 192.168.1.107 1-100 -qb #q显示清晰，b显示更多信息 amap v5.4 (www.thc.org/thc-amap) started at 2016-09-11 22:44:17 - APPLICATION MAPPING mode Protocol on 192.168.1.107:22/tcp matches ssh - banner: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.7p1 Debian-8ubuntu1 Protocol on 192.168.1.107:22/tcp matches ssh-openssh - banner: SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_4.7p1 Debian-8ubuntu1 Protocol on 192.168.1.107:80/tcp matches http - banner: <html><head><title>Metasploitable2 - Linux</title></head><body> <pre> _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ __ ___ ___| |_ __ _ ___ _ __ | | ___ (_) |_ __ _| |__ | | ___|___ \ | '_ ` _ \ / _ \ __/ _` / _ Protocol on 192.168.1.107:80/tcp matches http-apache-2 - banner: HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date Sun, 11 Sep 2016 144435 GMT Server Apache/2.2.8 (Ubuntu) DAV/2 X-Powered-By PHP/5.2.4-2ubuntu5.10 Content-Length 891 Connection close Content-Type text/html <html><head><title>Metasploitable2 - Linux</title>< Protocol on 192.168.1.107:21/tcp matches ftp - banner: 220 (vsFTPd 2.3.4) Protocol on 192.168.1.107:23/tcp matches telnet - banner: #' Protocol on 192.168.1.107:25/tcp matches smtp - banner: 220 metasploitable.localdomain ESMTP Postfix (Ubuntu) Protocol on 192.168.1.107:53/tcp matches dns - banner: f amap v5.4 finished at 2016-09-11 22:44:29
3、操作系统识别
识别操作系统，因为操作系统在开启时，便默认开放些服务；针对老版本系统的漏洞进行渗透，提权、获得操作权限。1.TTL起始值：Windows系统【128（65-128）】；Linux/Unix【64（1-64）】，某些Unix为255[路由器劫持：可通过TTL值确定，劫持点；TTL也可修改]#!/usr/bin/python from scapy.all import* import logging logging.getLogger( "scapy.runtime" ).setLevel(logging.ERROR) import sys if len( sys.argv ) !=2: print "Usage - ./ttl_os.py [IP adress]" print "Example - ./ttl_os.py 1.1.1.1" print "Example will preform ttl analysis to attemptto determine whether the systems is Windows or Linux/Unix" sys.exit() ip = sys.argv[1] ans = sr1(IP(dst=str(ip))/ICMP(),timeout=1,verbose=0) if ans == None: print "No response was returned" elif int(ans[IP].ttl)<=64: print "Host is Linux/Unix" else: print "Host is Windows"2.Nmap-O #此参数用于检测主机系统 #结合端口判断特征
root@kali:~# nmap -O 192.168.1.1 Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-09-11 23:48 CST Nmap scan report for DD-WRT (192.168.1.1) <strong>Host is up (0.17s latency). Not shown: 997 closed ports PORT STATE SERVICE 23/tcp open telnet 53/tcp open domain 80/tcp open http MAC Address: 1C:BD:B9:27:D5:32 (D-Link International) Device type: general purpose Running: Linux 2.6.X OS CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6 OS details: Linux 2.6.8 - 2.6.30 #可去官网查该范围的linux系统是否有缓存区溢出等漏洞 Network Distance: 1 hop</strong> OS detection performed. Please report any incorrect results at https://nmap.org/submit/ . Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 11.77 seconds
3、Xprobe2（专门用于识别操作系统，更为详细，但不是很准确）<strong>root@kali:~# xprobe2 192.168.1.115 </strong> Xprobe2 v.0.3 Copyright (c) 2002-2005 fyodor@o0o.nu, ofir@sys-security.com, meder@o0o.nu [+] Target is 192.168.1.115 [+] Loading modules. [+] Following modules are loaded: [x] [1] ping:icmp_ping - ICMP echo discovery module [x] [2] ping:tcp_ping - TCP-based ping discovery module [x] [3] ping:udp_ping - UDP-based ping discovery module [x] [4] infogather:ttl_calc - TCP and UDP based TTL distance calculation [x] [5] infogather:portscan - TCP and UDP PortScanner [x] [6] fingerprint:icmp_echo - ICMP Echo request fingerprinting module [x] [7] fingerprint:icmp_tstamp - ICMP Timestamp request fingerprinting module [x] [8] fingerprint:icmp_amask - ICMP Address mask request fingerprinting module [x] [9] fingerprint:icmp_port_unreach - ICMP port unreachable fingerprinting module [x] [10] fingerprint:tcp_hshake - TCP Handshake fingerprinting module [x] [11] fingerprint:tcp_rst - TCP RST fingerprinting module [x] [12] fingerprint:smb - SMB fingerprinting module [x] [13] fingerprint:snmp - SNMPv2c fingerprinting module [+] 13 modules registered [+] Initializing scan engine [+] Running scan engine [-] ping:tcp_ping module: no closed/open TCP ports known on 192.168.1.115. Module test failed [-] ping:udp_ping module: no closed/open UDP ports known on 192.168.1.115. Module test failed [-] No distance calculation. 192.168.1.115 appears to be dead or no ports known [+] Host: 192.168.1.115 is up (Guess probability: 50%) [+] Target: 192.168.1.115 is alive. Round-Trip Time: 0.00094 sec [+] Selected safe Round-Trip Time value is: 0.00188 sec [-] fingerprint:tcp_hshake Module execution aborted (no open TCP ports known) [-] fingerprint:smb need either TCP port 139 or 445 to run [-] fingerprint:snmp: need UDP port 161 open [+] Primary guess: [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows XP SP2" (Guess probability: 93%) [+] Other guesses: [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Standard Edition" (Guess probability: 93%) [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows 2003 Server Enterprise Edition" (Guess probability: 93%) [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows XP SP1" (Guess probability: 92%) [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows XP" (Guess probability: 92%) [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Service Pack 4" (Guess probability: 92%) [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Service Pack 3" (Guess probability: 92%) [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Service Pack 2" (Guess probability: 92%) [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Service Pack 1" (Guess probability: 92%) [+] Host 192.168.1.115 Running OS: "Microsoft Windows 2000 Server" (Guess probability: 92%) [+] Cleaning up scan engine [+] Modules deinitialized [+] Execution completed.<strong> </strong>
被动操作系统识别基于抓包分析，可部署在网络出口处，则可被动检测p0f #直接输入，即可实现被动监听 #还可能发现些证书信息root@kali:~# p0f --- p0f 3.07b by Michal Zalewski <lcamtuf@coredump.cx> --- [+] Closed 1 file descriptor. [+] Loaded 320 signatures from 'p0f.fp'. [+] Intercepting traffic on default interface 'eth0'. [+] Default packet filtering configured [+VLAN]. [+] Entered main event loop.<strong> </strong>·可以结合ARP地址欺骗识别全网OS
4、基于指纹信息识别（能比较准确的识别）
nmap：拥有大量的指纹信息库。
5、SNMP扫描（简单网络管理协议）
#客户端使用UDP161端口，服务端使用UDP161端口；与DHCP相似，基于UDP，使用67、68。服务器用单号
若SNMP配置不当，则会产生漏洞。属于网络管理员最容易配置疏漏的服务。有两个community strings，一个只读，一个可写。
基于SNMP，进行网络设备监控，如：交换机、防火墙、服务器，CPU等其系统内部信息。基本都可以监控到。
community：登录证书，容易被管理员遗忘修改其特征字符 #可用字典破解community
MIB库：MIB Tree
【SNMP配置】
onesixtyone 192.168.1.115 public
能扫出硬件信息，当返回信息较少时，可能已经被修改community，可使用下一条指令
#dpkg -L onesixtyone ###查询字典
onesixtyone -c dict.txt -i hosts -o my.log -w 100 #字典爆破community
snmpwalk命令
snmpwalk 192.168.1.115 -c public -v 2c
#能查出更多的信息 -v指定版本，2c使用比较广泛#能查出MIB库ID号，安装的软件
snmpwalk -c public -v 2c 1.1.1.1 1.3.6.1.4.1.77.1.2.25 #OID
#查询用户账号
snmpcheck -t 192.168.20.199
snmpcheck -t 192.168.20.199 -c private -v 2
snmpcheck -t 192.168.20.199 -w
6、识别边界防火墙
为了去绕过和躲避。