上一篇博客《C++11 并发指南一(C++11 多线程初探)》中只是提到了 std::thread 的基本用法,并给出了一个最简单的例子,本文将稍微详细地介绍 std::thread 的用法。
std::thread 在 <thread> 头文件中声明,因此使用 std::thread 时需要包含 <thread> 头文件。
std::thread 构造
default (1) |
thread() noexcept; |
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initialization (2) |
template <class Fn, class... Args> explicit thread (Fn&& fn, Args&&... args); |
copy [deleted] (3) |
thread (const thread&) = delete; |
move (4) |
thread (thread&& x) noexcept; |
- (1). 默认构造函数,创建一个空的 thread 执行对象。
- (2). 初始化构造函数,创建一个 thread对象,该 thread对象可被 joinable,新产生的线程会调用 fn 函数,该函数的参数由 args 给出。
- (3). 拷贝构造函数(被禁用),意味着 thread 不可被拷贝构造。
- (4). move 构造函数,move 构造函数,调用成功之后 x 不代表任何 thread 执行对象。
- 注意:可被 joinable 的 thread 对象必须在他们销毁之前被主线程 join 或者将其设置为 detached.
std::thread 各种构造函数例子如下(参考):
1 #include <iostream> 2 #include <utility> 3 #include <thread> 4 #include <chrono> 5 #include <functional> 6 #include <atomic> 7 8 void f1(int n) 9 { 10 for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { 11 std::cout << "Thread " << n << " executing "; 12 std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10)); 13 } 14 } 15 16 void f2(int& n) 17 { 18 for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) { 19 std::cout << "Thread 2 executing "; 20 ++n; 21 std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(10)); 22 } 23 } 24 25 int main() 26 { 27 int n = 0; 28 std::thread t1; // t1 is not a thread 29 std::thread t2(f1, n + 1); // pass by value 30 std::thread t3(f2, std::ref(n)); // pass by reference 31 std::thread t4(std::move(t3)); // t4 is now running f2(). t3 is no longer a thread 32 t2.join(); 33 t4.join(); 34 std::cout << "Final value of n is " << n << ' '; 35 }
move 赋值操作
move (1) |
thread& operator= (thread&& rhs) noexcept; |
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copy [deleted] (2) |
thread& operator= (const thread&) = delete; |
- (1). move 赋值操作,如果当前对象不可 joinable,需要传递一个右值引用(rhs)给 move 赋值操作;如果当前对象可被 joinable,则 terminate() 报错。
- (2). 拷贝赋值操作被禁用,thread 对象不可被拷贝。
请看下面的例子:
1 #include <stdio.h> 2 #include <stdlib.h> 3 4 #include <chrono> // std::chrono::seconds 5 #include <iostream> // std::cout 6 #include <thread> // std::thread, std::this_thread::sleep_for 7 8 void thread_task(int n) { 9 std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::seconds(n)); 10 std::cout << "hello thread " 11 << std::this_thread::get_id() 12 << " paused " << n << " seconds" << std::endl; 13 } 14 15 /* 16 * === FUNCTION ========================================================= 17 * Name: main 18 * Description: program entry routine. 19 * ======================================================================== 20 */ 21 int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) 22 { 23 std::thread threads[5]; 24 std::cout << "Spawning 5 threads... "; 25 for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { 26 threads[i] = std::thread(thread_task, i + 1); 27 } 28 std::cout << "Done spawning threads! Now wait for them to join "; 29 for (auto& t: threads) { 30 t.join(); 31 } 32 std::cout << "All threads joined. "; 33 34 return EXIT_SUCCESS; 35 } /* ---------- end of function main ---------- */
其他成员函数
- 获取线程 ID。
- 检查线程是否可被 join。
- Join 线程。
- Detach 线程
- Swap 线程 。
- 返回 native handle。
- 检测硬件并发特性。
- 转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/haippy/p/3236136.html