ASP.NET Core创建Web Api项目使用EF自动迁移多表数据库

2019-08-23 11:07:09

1. 项目创建

1.1 安装

　　下载.NETCORE SDK 进行安装

　　下载NETCORE RUNTIME进行安装.

　　下载Runtime & Hosting Bundle进行安装

　　下载地址:https://dotnet.microsoft.com/download/dotnet-core

　　微软的安装在windows方面很简单，基本就是一键安装.

1.2 开发工具

            VisualStudio 2019

1.3建立项目工程

　　点击文件创建项目，出现如下图示

　　

　　选择画红圈部分，接着出现如下图示

1.4 新建Models文件夹，创建数据库实体类

　

1.5 创建数据库上下文类

　　创建继承DbContext的上下文类，将数据库实体添加到DbSet中，重写OnModelCreating方

public class SchoolContext : DbContext
    {
        public SchoolContext(DbContextOptions<SchoolContext> options) : base(options)
        {
        }

        public DbSet<Course> Courses { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Enrollment> Enrollments { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Student> Students { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Department> Departments { get; set; }
        public DbSet<Instructor> Instructors { get; set; }
        public DbSet<OfficeAssignment> OfficeAssignments { get; set; }
        public DbSet<CourseAssignment> CourseAssignments { get; set; }

        protected override void OnModelCreating(ModelBuilder modelBuilder)
        {
            modelBuilder.Entity<Course>().ToTable("Course");
            modelBuilder.Entity<Enrollment>().ToTable("Enrollment");
            modelBuilder.Entity<Student>().ToTable("Student");
            modelBuilder.Entity<Department>().ToTable("Department");
            modelBuilder.Entity<Instructor>().ToTable("Instructor");
            modelBuilder.Entity<OfficeAssignment>().ToTable("OfficeAssignment");
            modelBuilder.Entity<CourseAssignment>().ToTable("CourseAssignment");

            modelBuilder.Entity<CourseAssignment>()
                .HasKey(c => new { c.CourseID, c.InstructorID });
        }
    }

1.6使用测试数据设定数据库种子

using System;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using ContosoUniversity.Models;

namespace ContosoUniversity.Data
{
    public static class DbInitializer
    {
        public static void Initialize(SchoolContext context)
        {
            //context.Database.EnsureCreated();

            // Look for any students.
            if (context.Students.Any())
            {
                return;   // DB has been seeded
            }

            var students = new Student[]
            {
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Carson",   LastName = "Alexander",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2010-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Meredith", LastName = "Alonso",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Arturo",   LastName = "Anand",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Gytis",    LastName = "Barzdukas",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Yan",      LastName = "Li",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2012-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Peggy",    LastName = "Justice",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2011-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Laura",    LastName = "Norman",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2013-09-01") },
                new Student { FirstMidName = "Nino",     LastName = "Olivetto",
                    EnrollmentDate = DateTime.Parse("2005-09-01") }
            };

            foreach (Student s in students)
            {
                context.Students.Add(s);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var instructors = new Instructor[]
            {
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Kim",     LastName = "Abercrombie",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1995-03-11") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Fadi",    LastName = "Fakhouri",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2002-07-06") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Roger",   LastName = "Harui",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("1998-07-01") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Candace", LastName = "Kapoor",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2001-01-15") },
                new Instructor { FirstMidName = "Roger",   LastName = "Zheng",
                    HireDate = DateTime.Parse("2004-02-12") }
            };

            foreach (Instructor i in instructors)
            {
                context.Instructors.Add(i);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var departments = new Department[]
            {
                new Department { Name = "English",     Budget = 350000,
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID },
                new Department { Name = "Mathematics", Budget = 100000,
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID },
                new Department { Name = "Engineering", Budget = 350000,
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID },
                new Department { Name = "Economics",   Budget = 100000,
                    StartDate = DateTime.Parse("2007-09-01"),
                    InstructorID  = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID }
            };

            foreach (Department d in departments)
            {
                context.Departments.Add(d);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var courses = new Course[]
            {
                new Course {CourseID = 1050, Title = "Chemistry",      Credits = 3,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Engineering").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 4022, Title = "Microeconomics", Credits = 3,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 4041, Title = "Macroeconomics", Credits = 3,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Economics").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 1045, Title = "Calculus",       Credits = 4,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 3141, Title = "Trigonometry",   Credits = 4,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "Mathematics").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 2021, Title = "Composition",    Credits = 3,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID
                },
                new Course {CourseID = 2042, Title = "Literature",     Credits = 4,
                    DepartmentID = departments.Single( s => s.Name == "English").DepartmentID
                },
            };

            foreach (Course c in courses)
            {
                context.Courses.Add(c);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var officeAssignments = new OfficeAssignment[]
            {
                new OfficeAssignment {
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID,
                    Location = "Smith 17" },
                new OfficeAssignment {
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID,
                    Location = "Gowan 27" },
                new OfficeAssignment {
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single( i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID,
                    Location = "Thompson 304" },
            };

            foreach (OfficeAssignment o in officeAssignments)
            {
                context.OfficeAssignments.Add(o);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var courseInstructors = new CourseAssignment[]
            {
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Kapoor").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Zheng").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Macroeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Zheng").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Calculus" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Fakhouri").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Trigonometry" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Harui").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID
                    },
                new CourseAssignment {
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Literature" ).CourseID,
                    InstructorID = instructors.Single(i => i.LastName == "Abercrombie").ID
                    },
            };

            foreach (CourseAssignment ci in courseInstructors)
            {
                context.CourseAssignments.Add(ci);
            }
            context.SaveChanges();

            var enrollments = new Enrollment[]
            {
                new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.A
                },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.C
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alexander").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Macroeconomics" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                        StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Calculus" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                        StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Trigonometry" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Alonso").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition" ).CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry" ).CourseID
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Anand").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Microeconomics").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Barzdukas").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Chemistry").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Li").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Composition").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    },
                    new Enrollment {
                    StudentID = students.Single(s => s.LastName == "Justice").ID,
                    CourseID = courses.Single(c => c.Title == "Literature").CourseID,
                    Grade = Grade.B
                    }
            };

            foreach (Enrollment e in enrollments)
            {
                var enrollmentInDataBase = context.Enrollments.Where(
                    s =>
                            s.Student.ID == e.StudentID &&
                            s.Course.CourseID == e.CourseID).SingleOrDefault();
                if (enrollmentInDataBase == null)
                {
                    context.Enrollments.Add(e);
                }
            }
            context.SaveChanges();
        }
    }
}

1.7在appsetting.json文件中配置本地数据库连接

"ConnectionStrings": {
    "SchoolContext": "Server=.;Database=ApiDb;user id=sa;password=123456;"
  }

1.8在Startup.cs文件中配置使用sql server

public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
{
      services.AddDbContext<SchoolContext>(opt =>
        opt.UseSqlServer(Configuration.GetConnectionString("SchoolContext")));
      services.AddMvc().SetCompatibilityVersion(CompatibilityVersion.Version_2_2);
      services.AddSwaggerGen(c =>
      {
        c.SwaggerDoc("v1", new OpenApiInfo { Title = "My API", Version = "v1" });
      });
}

 1.9在Program.cs文件中调用测试数据

public class Program
 2 {
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        var host = CreateWebHostBuilder(args).Build();

        using (var scope = host.Services.CreateScope())
        {
            var services = scope.ServiceProvider;
            try
            {
                var context = services.GetRequiredService<SchoolContext>();
                DbInitializer.Initialize(context);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                var logger = services.GetRequiredService<ILogger<Program>>();
                logger.LogError(ex, "An error occurred while seeding the database.");
            }
        }

        host.Run();
23 }

2. EF数据库迁移

2.1首先在本地数据库，创建一个空的数据库

2.2执行数据库迁移

　　保存项目更改，生成项目。然后打开CMD命令窗口，切换到工程目录下，执行以下命令

dotnet ef migrations add ComplexDataModel

2.3更新数据库

　　更改数据库后或删除数据库后，在命令窗口运行以下命令

dotnet ef database update

2.4查看数据库

　　打开SQL Server Management，查看数据库表生成情况

2.5运行项目，生成测试数据

　　测试数据已自动生成